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List of governors of Virginia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

History of Virginia
flag Virginia portal

The governor of Virginia is the state's head of government and commander-in-chief of the state's official national guard. The first Constitution of 1776 created the office of governor, to be elected annually by the Virginia State Legislature. The governor could serve up to three years at a time, and once out of office, could not serve again for four years.[1] The 1830 constitution changed the thrice-renewable one-year term length to a non-renewable three-year term, and set the start date at the first day in January following an election.[2] This constitution also prevented governors from succeeding themselves, a prohibition that exists to the present day.[3] The 1851 Constitution increased terms to four years[4] and made the office elected by the people, rather than the legislature.[5] The commencement of the Governor's term was moved to the first day in February by the 1902 Constitution,[6] and then to the Saturday after the second Wednesday in January by the 1971 and current Constitution.[7]

If the office of governor is vacant due to disqualification, death, or resignation, the lieutenant governor of Virginia becomes governor.[8] The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1851.[9] Prior to that a Council of State existed; it chose from among its members a president who would be "lieutenant-governor" and would act as governor when there was a vacancy in that office.[1][10]

Officially, there have been 74 governors of Virginia; the acting governors are not counted.

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Transcription

Governors

For the period before independence, see List of colonial governors of Virginia.

Virginia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on June 25, 1788.[11] Before it declared its independence, Virginia was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. It seceded from the Union on April 17, 1861,[12] and was admitted to the Confederate States of America on May 7, 1861.[13] Following the end of the American Civil War, Virginia during Reconstruction constituted the First Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Virginia was readmitted to the Union on January 26, 1870.[14]

The federal government recognized the Restored Government of Virginia, based in Wheeling, as the legitimate government in Virginia on June 25, 1861. It elected its own slate of governors, and after West Virginia was split from Virginia on June 20, 1863, the restored government relocated to Alexandria.

Governors of the Commonwealth of Virginia
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[a][b]
1
  Patrick Henry
(1736–1799)
[15] 		July 6, 1776[16]
–
June 1, 1779
(term-limited) 		None 1776 Office did not exist
1777
1778
2
Thomas Jefferson
(1743–1826)
[17] 		June 1, 1779[18]
–
June 4, 1781
(did not run) 		None 1779
1780
3
William Fleming
(1727–1795)[19] 		June 4, 1781[20]
–
June 12, 1781
(did not run) 		None Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting[c]
4
Thomas Nelson Jr.
(1738–1789)
[23] 		June 12, 1781[22]
–
November 22, 1781
(resigned)[d] 		None 1781
(special)
–
David Jameson
(1723–1793)
[24] 		November 22, 1781[25]
–
December 1, 1781
(did not run) 		None Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting
5
Benjamin Harrison V
(1726–1791)
[26] 		December 1, 1781[25]
–
November 30, 1784
(term-limited) 		None 1781
1782
1783
6
Patrick Henry
(1736–1799)
[15] 		November 30, 1784[27]
–
November 30, 1786
(did not run) 		None 1784
1785
7
Edmund Randolph
(1753–1813)
[28] 		November 30, 1786[29]
–
November 12, 1788
(resigned)[e] 		None 1786
1787
8
Beverley Randolph
(1754–1797)
[32][33] 		November 12, 1788[27]
–
December 1, 1791
(term-limited) 		None Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting
1788
1789
1790
9
Henry Lee III
(1756–1818)
[34][35] 		December 1, 1791[27]
–
December 1, 1794
(term-limited) 		Federalist 1791
1792
1793
10
Robert Brooke
(d. 1800)
[36][37] 		December 1, 1794[27]
–
November 30, 1796
(resgined)[f] 		Democratic-
Republican 		1794
1795
11
James Wood
(1741–1813)
[38][39] 		November 30, 1796[27]
–
December 19, 1799
(term-limited)[g] 		Federalist Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting
1796
1797
1798
12
James Monroe
(1758–1831)
[44][45] 		December 19, 1799[46]
–
December 29, 1802
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1799
1800
1801
13
John Page
(1743–1808)
[47][48] 		December 29, 1802[27]
–
December 11, 1805
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1802
1803
1804
14
William H. Cabell
(1772–1853)
[49][50] 		December 11, 1805[27]
–
December 12, 1808
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1805
1806
1807
15
John Tyler Sr.
(1747–1813)
[51][52] 		December 12, 1808[27]
–
January 15, 1811
(resigned)[h] 		Democratic-
Republican 		1808
1809
1810
—
George William Smith
(1762–1811)
[53][54] 		January 15, 1811[27]
–
January 19, 1811
(lost election) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting
16
James Monroe
(1758–1831)
[44][45] 		January 19, 1811[27]
–
April 3, 1811
(resigned)[i] 		Democratic-
Republican 		1811
(special)
17
George William Smith
(1762–1811)
[53][54] 		April 3, 1811[27]
–
December 26, 1811
(died in office) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting
1811
—
Peyton Randolph
(1779–1828)
[55][56] 		December 26, 1811[27]
–
January 4, 1812
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting
18
James Barbour
(1775–1842)
[57][58] 		January 4, 1812[27]
–
December 11, 1814
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Jan. 1812
1812
1813
19
Wilson Cary Nicholas
(1761–1820)
[59][60] 		December 11, 1814[27]
–
December 11, 1816
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1814
1815
20
James Patton Preston
(1774–1843)
[61][62] 		December 11, 1816[27]
–
December 11, 1819
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1816
1817
1818
21
Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.
(1768–1828)
[63][64] 		December 11, 1819[27]
–
December 11, 1822
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1819
1820
1821
22
James Pleasants
(1769–1836)
[65][66] 		December 11, 1822[27]
–
December 11, 1825
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1822
1823
1824
23
John Tyler
(1790–1862)
[67][68] 		December 11, 1825[27]
–
March 4, 1827
(resigned)[j] 		Democratic-
Republican 		1825
24
William Branch Giles
(1762–1830)
[69][70] 		March 4, 1827[27]
–
March 4, 1830
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1827
1828
1829
25
John Floyd
(1783–1837)
[71][72] 		March 4, 1830[27]
–
March 31, 1834
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1830
1831
26
Littleton Waller Tazewell
(1774–1860)
[73][74] 		March 31, 1834[27]
–
March 30, 1836
(resigned)[k] 		Democratic 1834
—
Wyndham Robertson
(1803–1888)
[75][76] 		March 30, 1836[27]
–
March 31, 1837
(did not run) 		Whig Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting
27
David Campbell
(1779–1859)
[77][78] 		March 31, 1837[27]
–
March 31, 1840
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1837
28
Thomas Walker Gilmer
(1802–1844)
[79][80] 		March 31, 1840[27]
–
March 20, 1841
(resigned)[l] 		Whig 1840
—
John M. Patton
(1797–1858)
[81][82] 		March 20, 1841[27]
–
March 31, 1841
(successor took office) 		Whig Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting[m]
—
John Rutherfoord
(1792–1866)
[83][84] 		March 31, 1841[27]
–
March 31, 1842
(successor took office) 		Democratic Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting[m]
—
John Munford Gregory
(1804–1884)
[85][86] 		March 31, 1842[27]
–
January 5, 1843
(successor took office) 		Whig Senior member of
Governor's Council
acting[m]
29
James McDowell
(1775–1851)
[87][88] 		January 5, 1843[27]
–
January 1, 1846
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1842
30
William Smith
(1797–1887)
[89][90] 		January 1, 1846[27]
–
January 1, 1849
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1845
31
John B. Floyd
(1806–1863)
[91][92] 		January 1, 1849[93]
–
January 1, 1852
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1848
32
Joseph Johnson
(1785–1877)
[94][95] 		January 1, 1852[96]
–
January 1, 1856
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1851   Shelton Leake
33
Henry A. Wise
(1806–1876)
[97][98] 		January 1, 1856[99]
–
January 1, 1860
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1855 Elisha W. McComas
(resigned December 7, 1857)
William Lowther Jackson
34
John Letcher
(1813–1884)
[100][101] 		January 1, 1860[27]
–
January 1, 1864
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1859[n] Robert Latane Montague
—
William Smith
(1797–1887)
[89][90] 		January 1, 1864[27]
–
May 9, 1865
(government
disestablished)[o] 		Democratic 1863
(Confederate)[n] 		Samuel Price
35
Francis Harrison Pierpont
(1814–1889)
[103] 		June 20, 1861[104]
–
April 4, 1868
(removed)[p] 		Republican 1861
(Union)[n] 		Daniel Polsley[q]
(resigned June 8, 1863)
Vacant
1863
(Union)[n] 		Leopold Copeland Parker Cowper[q]
—
Henry H. Wells
(1823–1900)
[105][106] 		April 4, 1868[107]
–
September 21, 1869
(resigned)[r] 		— Military
occupation 		Vacant
36
Gilbert Carlton Walker
(1833–1885)
[108][109] 		September 21, 1869[110]
–
January 1, 1874
(term-limited) 		Republican[s] Installed by
military
occupation 		John F. Lewis
1869 John Lawrence Marye Jr.[t]
37
James L. Kemper
(1823–1895)
[111][112] 		January 1, 1874[113]
–
January 1, 1878
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1873 Robert E. Withers
(resigned March 1, 1875)
Henry Wirtz Thomas[u]
38
Frederick W. M. Holliday
(1828–1899)
[114][115] 		January 1, 1878[116]
–
January 1, 1882
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1877 James A. Walker
39
William E. Cameron
(1842–1927)
[117][118] 		January 1, 1882[v]
–
January 1, 1886
(term-limited) 		Readjuster 1881 John F. Lewis[u]
40
Fitzhugh Lee
(1835–1905)
[120][121] 		January 1, 1886[122]
–
January 1, 1890
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1885 John E. Massey
41
Philip W. McKinney
(1832–1899)
[123][124] 		January 1, 1890[125]
–
January 1, 1894
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1889 James H. Tyler
42
Charles Triplett O'Ferrall
(1840–1905)
[126][127] 		January 1, 1894[128]
–
January 1, 1898
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1893 Robert C. Kent
43
James Hoge Tyler
(1846–1925)
[129][130] 		January 1, 1898[131]
–
January 1, 1902
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1897 Edward Echols
44
Andrew Jackson Montague
(1862–1937)
[132][133] 		January 1, 1902[134]
–
February 1, 1906
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1901 Joseph Edward Willard
45
Claude A. Swanson
(1862–1939)
[135][136] 		February 1, 1906[137]
–
February 1, 1910
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1905 James Taylor Ellyson
46
William Hodges Mann
(1843–1927)
[138][139] 		February 1, 1910[140]
–
February 1, 1914
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1909
47
Henry Carter Stuart
(1855–1933)
[141][142] 		February 1, 1914[w]
–
February 1, 1918
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1913
48
Westmoreland Davis
(1859–1942)
[144][145] 		February 1, 1918[146]
–
February 1, 1922
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1917 Benjamin Franklin Buchanan
49
Elbert Lee Trinkle
(1876–1939)
[147][148] 		February 1, 1922[149]
–
February 1, 1926
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1921 Junius Edgar West
50
Harry F. Byrd
(1887–1966)
[150][151] 		February 1, 1926[152]
–
January 15, 1930
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1925
51
John Garland Pollard
(1871–1937)
[153][154] 		January 15, 1930[155]
–
January 16, 1934
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1929 James Hubert Price
52
George C. Peery
(1873–1952)
[156][157] 		January 17, 1934[158]
–
January 18, 1938
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1933
53
James Hubert Price
(1878–1943)
[159][160] 		January 19, 1938[161]
–
January 20, 1942
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1937 Saxon W. Holt
(died March 31, 1940)
Vacant
54
Colgate Darden
(1897–1981)
[162][163] 		January 21, 1942[164]
–
January 15, 1946
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1941 William M. Tuck
55
William M. Tuck
(1896–1983)
[165][166] 		January 16, 1946[167]
–
January 17, 1950
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1945 Lewis Preston Collins II
(died September 20, 1952)
56
John S. Battle
(1890–1972)
[168][169] 		January 18, 1950[170]
–
January 19, 1954
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1949
Vacant
Allie Edward Stakes Stephens
(elected December 2, 1952)
57
Thomas B. Stanley
(1890–1970)
[171][172] 		January 20, 1954[173]
–
January 11, 1958
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1953
58
J. Lindsay Almond
(1898–1986)
[174][175] 		January 11, 1958[176]
–
January 13, 1962
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1957
59
Albertis Harrison
(1907–1995)
[177][178] 		January 13, 1962[179]
–
January 15, 1966
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1961 Mills Godwin
60
Mills Godwin
(1914–1999)
[180][181] 		January 15, 1966[182]
–
January 17, 1970
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1965 Fred G. Pollard
61
Linwood Holton
(1923–2021)
[183][184] 		January 17, 1970[185]
–
January 12, 1974
(term-limited) 		Republican 1969 J. Sargeant Reynolds[x]
(died June 13, 1971)
Vacant
Henry Howell[x]
(elected December 4, 1971)
62
Mills Godwin
(1914–1999)
[180][181] 		January 12, 1974[186]
–
January 14, 1978
(term-limited) 		Republican 1973 John N. Dalton
63
John N. Dalton
(1931–1986)
[187][188] 		January 14, 1978[189]
–
January 16, 1982
(term-limited) 		Republican 1977 Chuck Robb[x]
64
Chuck Robb
(b. 1939)
[190] 		January 16, 1982[191]
–
January 11, 1986
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1981 Gerald L. Baliles
65
Gerald Baliles
(1940–2019)
[192] 		January 11, 1986[193]
–
January 13, 1990
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1985 Douglas Wilder
66
Douglas Wilder
(b. 1931)
[194] 		January 13, 1990[195]
–
January 15, 1994
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1989 Don Beyer[x]
67
George Allen
(b. 1952)
[196] 		January 15, 1994[197]
–
January 17, 1998
(term-limited) 		Republican 1993
68
Jim Gilmore
(b. 1949)
[198] 		January 17, 1998[199]
–
January 12, 2002
(term-limited) 		Republican 1997 John H. Hager
69
Mark Warner
(b. 1954)
[200] 		January 12, 2002[201]
–
January 14, 2006
(term-limited) 		Democratic 2001 Tim Kaine
70
Tim Kaine
(b. 1958)
[202] 		January 14, 2006[203]
–
January 16, 2010
(term-limited) 		Democratic 2005 Bill Bolling[u]
71
Bob McDonnell
(b. 1954)
[204] 		January 16, 2010[205]
–
January 11, 2014
(term-limited) 		Republican 2009
72
Terry McAuliffe
(b. 1957)
[206] 		January 11, 2014[207]
–
January 13, 2018
(term-limited) 		Democratic 2013 Ralph Northam
73
Ralph Northam
(b. 1959)
[208] 		January 13, 2018[209]
–
January 15, 2022
(term-limited) 		Democratic 2017 Justin Fairfax
74
Glenn Youngkin
(b. 1966)
[210] 		January 15, 2022[211]
–
Incumbent[y] 		Republican 2021 Winsome Sears

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1851 and first filled in 1852.
  2. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  3. ^ Jefferson refused re-election and left office at the end of his term. As the legislature had not yet elected a successor, due in part to chaos stemming from the Raid on Richmond, Fleming acted as governor until the next election.[19][21][22]
  4. ^ Nelson resigned due to ill health.[21]
  5. ^ Randolph resigned to serve in the Virginia House of Delegates and promote the United States Constitution there.[30][31][27]
  6. ^ Brooke resigned, having been elected Attorney General of Virginia.[27]
  7. ^ Many sources say that Hardin Burnley acted as governor, either from February 7, 1799,[40] or December 7,[41] serving until he resigned due to poor health on December 11,[42] at which time John Pendleton Jr. took over as acting governor[43] until Monroe became governor on December 19. However, details of their terms are sparse and it's unknown how official their capacity was, and Sobel's entry on Wood mentions no acting governors and says that he left office on December 19.[38]
  8. ^ Tyler resigned, having been appointed to the United States District Court for the District of Virginia.[51]
  9. ^ Monroe resigned, having been appointed United States Secretary of State.[45]
  10. ^ Tyler resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[67]
  11. ^ Tazewell resigned over disagreements with the General Assembly.[73]
  12. ^ Gilmer resigned, having been elected to the United States House of Representatives for a term beginning March 4, 1841; he delayed his resignation two weeks, finally resigning due to a disagreement with the General Assembly on extradition.[79]
  13. ^ a b c After Gilmer's resignation, Patton acted as governor until the election, but the General Assembly failed to elect a successor, so the senior members of the Governor's Council each acted as governor for a year.[21]
  14. ^ a b c d Virginia proclaimed its secession from the Union on April 17, 1861. In response, delegates from the northwestern counties assembled at Wheeling and formed the Restored Government of Virginia, which the federal government recognized as the legitimate government of Virginia on June 25, 1861. It operated a government, including state and federal elections, over the northwestern part of the state, the counties immediately around Washington, D.C., and the eastern shore. On June 20, 1863, the northwestern counties were split into their own state, West Virginia, and the Restored Government relocated to Alexandria, and after the fall of Richmond, the government relocated to Richmond to be the sole state government.
  15. ^ President Andrew Johnson issued an executive order on May 9, 1865, proclaiming that the state government run by Letcher and Smith had been illegitimate as of April 17, 1861, and that Pierpont was the legitimate governor.[102] Smith continued to attempt to claim the office until May 20.[27]
  16. ^ The Reconstruction Acts placed Virginia under full military control, and General John Schofield appointed Wells provisional governor.[105]
  17. ^ a b Represented the Unionist Party
  18. ^ Wells was ordered to resign by General Edward Canby, who appointed Walker (who had already won election) in his place.
  19. ^ Walker ran in 1869 as a "Conservative Republican"[21] to differentiate from his opponent who was running as a Radical Republican.[108]
  20. ^ Represented the Conservative Party
  21. ^ a b c Represented the Republican Party
  22. ^ The constitutional start date of the gubernatorial term was January 1, with no requirement for an oath; Cameron was not sworn in until January 2, presumably because January 1 was a Sunday.[119]
  23. ^ The constitutional start date of the gubernatorial term was February 1, with no requirement for an oath; Stuart was not sworn in until February 2, presumably because February 1 was a Sunday.[143]
  24. ^ a b c d Represented the Democratic Party
  25. ^ Youngkin's term will expire on January 17, 2026; he will be term-limited.

References

General
  • "Former Virginia Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. IV. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  • Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Virginia - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Virginia (CSA) - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
Specific
  1. ^ a b 1776 Const.
  2. ^ 1830 Const. Art IV section 1.
  3. ^ VA Const. Art V sec 1
  4. ^ 1851 Const. art V section 1.
  5. ^ 1851 Const. Art V section 2.
  6. ^ 1902 Const. Art V section 69.
  7. ^ VA Const. art V section 1.
  8. ^ VA Const. Art V section 16.
  9. ^ 1851 Const. art V section 8.
  10. ^ 1830 Const. art IV section 5.
  11. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Virginia; June 26, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  12. ^ "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". University of Houston. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
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  186. ^ "Godwin inaugurated January 12". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 13, 1974. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
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  189. ^ "Dalton inaugurated January 14". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 15, 1978. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
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  194. ^ "L. Douglas Wilder". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
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  197. ^ "Allen inaugurated January 15". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 16, 1994. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  198. ^ "James S. Gilmore". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  199. ^ "Gilmore inaugurated January 17". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 18, 1998. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  200. ^ "Mark R. Warner". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  201. ^ "Warner inaugurated January 12". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 13, 2002. pp. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  202. ^ "Tim Kaine". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  203. ^ "Kaine inaugurated January 14". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 15, 2006. pp. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  204. ^ "Robert McDonnell". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  205. ^ "McDonnell inaugurated January 16". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 17, 2010. pp. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  206. ^ "Terry McAuliffe". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  207. ^ "McAuliffe inaugurated January 11". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 12, 2014. pp. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
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  209. ^ "Northam inaugurated January 13". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 14, 2018. pp. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  210. ^ "Glenn Youngkin". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  211. ^ "Youngkin inaugurated January 15". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 16, 2022. pp. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.

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