To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

Berberis vulgaris

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Barberry
Berberis vulgaris[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Berberidaceae
Genus: Berberis
Species:
B. vulgaris
Binomial name
Berberis vulgaris
Synonyms[2]
List
  • Berberis abortiva P.Renault
  • Berberis acida Gilib.
  • Berberis aethnensis Bourg. ex Willk. & Lange
  • Berberis alba Poit. & Turpin
  • Berberis angulizans G.Nicholson
  • Berberis apyrena K.Koch
  • Berberis arborescens K.Koch
  • Berberis articulata Loisel.
  • Berberis asperma Poit. & Turpin
  • Berberis aurea Tausch
  • Berberis bigelovii Schrad.
  • Berberis corallina G.Nicholson
  • Berberis dentata Tausch
  • Berberis dentata var. capitata Tausch
  • Berberis dulcis K.Koch
  • Berberis dumetorum Gouan
  • Berberis edulis K.Koch
  • Berberis elongata G.Nicholson
  • Berberis globularis G.Nicholson
  • Berberis hakodate Dippel
  • Berberis heterophylla K.Koch
  • Berberis iberica Sweet
  • Berberis innominata Kielm.
  • Berberis irritabilis Salisb.
  • Berberis jacquinii K.Koch
  • Berberis latifolia Poit. & Turpin
  • Berberis marginata K.Koch
  • Berberis maxima G.Nicholson
  • Berberis maximowiczii Regel
  • Berberis microphylla F.Dietr.
  • Berberis mitis Schrad.
  • Berberis nepalensis K.Koch
  • Berberis nitens Schrad.
  • Berberis obovata Schrad.
  • Berberis orientalis C.K.Schneid.
  • Berberis pangharengensis G.Nicholson
  • Berberis pauciflora Salisb.
  • Berberis racemosa Stokes
  • Berberis rubra Poit. & Turpin
  • Berberis sanguinea K.Koch
  • Berberis sanguinolenta K.Koch
  • Berberis sibirica Schult. & Schult.f.
  • Berberis sieboldii Dippel
  • Berberis sylvestris Poit. & Turpin
  • Berberis violacea Poit. & Turpin

Berberis vulgaris, also known as common barberry,[3] European barberry or simply barberry, is a shrub in the genus Berberis native to the Old World. It produces edible but sharply acidic berries, which people in many countries eat as a tart and refreshing fruit.

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/5
    Views:
    4 894
    147 186
    400 015
    19 686
    362 161
  • Tasty Berberis vulgaris cultivar or a different Barberry?
  • Berberis Vulgaris Q Berberis Vulgaris Homeopathic Medicine uses Berberis Vulgaris mother tincture
  • Berberis Vulgaris Q. Berberis Vulgaris Homeopathic Medicine. Benefits of Berberis Vulgaris #RxHpathy
  • Berberis Vulgaris | Kidney Stone | Remove | Homeopathic Medicine
  • Berberis vulgaris mother tincture | berberis vulgaris q | berberis vulgaris uses & benefits

Transcription

Description

It is a deciduous shrub growing up to 4 metres (13 feet) high. The leaves are small oval, 2–5 centimetres (34–2 inches) long and 1–2 centimetres (1234 in) broad, with a serrated margin; they are borne in clusters of 2–5 together, subtended by a three-branched spine 3–8 millimetres (18516 in) long. The flowers are yellow, 4–6 mm (1814 in) across, produced on 3–6 cm (1+182+38 in) long panicles in late spring. The fruit is an oblong red berry 7–10 mm (1438 in) long and 3–5 mm (18316 in) broad, ripening in late summer or autumn.

Subspecies

As of March 2024, Plants of the World Online accepted three subspecies:[4]

Distribution and habitat

The shrub is native to central and southern Europe, southern England,[5] northwest Africa and western Asia;[6] it is also naturalised in northern Europe and North America. In the United States and Canada, it has become established in the wild over an area from Nova Scotia to Nebraska, with additional populations in Colorado, Idaho, Washington state, Montana, and British Columbia.[7] It is also cultivated in many countries.

Ecology

The berries are an important food for many small birds, which disperse the seeds in their droppings.

B. vulgaris is the alternate host species of the wheat stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), a grass-infecting rust fungus that is a serious fungal disease of wheat and related grains. For this reason, cultivation of B. vulgaris is prohibited in Canada[8] and some areas of the US (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Hampshire).[3]

Uses

Dried barberries

The edible berries,[9] though rich in vitamin C, have a very sharp or sour flavour and are not widely consumed because the thorny shrubs make them difficult to harvest.

In Europe, the berries have been traditionally used as an ingredient in making jam. The berries are high in pectin which makes the jam congeal as it cools after having been boiled. In southwestern Asia, especially Iran, the berries are used for cooking, as well as for jam-making. In Iran, barberries are commonly used as a currant in rice pilaf.

زرشک zerešk is the Persian name for the dried fruit of Berberis spp., particularly also that of Berberis integerrima called زرشک بی‌دانه zerešk bi-dâne, literally 'seedless barberry',[10] which is widely cultivated in Iran. Iran is the largest producer of zerešk.

The South Khorasan province in Iran is the main area of zerešk and saffron production in the world, especially around Birjand and Qaen. About 85% of production is in Qaen and about 15% in Birjand. There is evidence of cultivation of seedless barberry in South Khorasan two hundred years ago.[11] A garden of zerešk is called زرشکستان zerešk-estân. Zerešk is widely used in cooking, imparting a tart flavour to chicken dishes. It is usually cooked with rice, called زرشک پلو zerešk polo, and provides a meal with chicken.

Other uses

The plant has been widely cultivated for hedges in New Zealand.[12]

A decoction of the plant has been used as a folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal ailments and coughs,[13] although its use has been limited due to the bitter taste of the bark and root.[14][15]

See also

References

  1. ^ 1885 illustration from Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany
  2. ^ The Plant List
  3. ^ a b USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Berberis vulgaris". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  4. ^ "Berberis vulgaris L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  5. ^ Plant Atlas 2020
  6. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Crespino comune, Sowberry, Common Barberry, vinettier, espino cambrón, Sauerdorn, Berberis vulgaris L.  includes photos, drawings, and European distribution map
  7. ^ Flora of North America vol 3
  8. ^ "D-01-04: Plant protection import and domestic movement requirements for barberry (Berberis, Mahoberberis and Mahonia spp.) under the Canadian Barberry Certification Program". 3 April 2012. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  9. ^ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414.
  10. ^ Alemardan, Ali; Asadi, Wahab; Rezaei, Mehdi; Tabrizi, Leila; Mohammadi, Siavash (2013). "Cultivation of Iranian seedless barberry (Berberis integerrima 'Bidaneh'): A medicinal shrub". Industrial Crops and Products. 50: 276–87. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.07.061.
  11. ^ Tehranifar, A. (2003). "Barberry Growing in Iran". In Lee, J-M.; Zhang, D. (eds.). XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Asian Plants with Unique Horticultural Potential: Genetic Resources, Cultural Practices, and Utilization. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 620. pp. 193–5. ISBN 978-90-66054-00-4. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  12. ^ Popay, Ian; Champion, Paul; James, Trevor, eds. (2010). "Berberis glaucocarpa barberry". An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand (3rd ed.). Christchurch: New Zealand Plant Protection Society. ISBN 978-0-473-16285-6.[page needed]
  13. ^ Schauenberg, P; Paris, F (1977). Guide to Medicinal Plants. New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing, Inc.
  14. ^ Duke, JA (1985). Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
  15. ^ Hartwell, JL (1971). "Plants used against cancer. A survey". Lloydia. 34 (4): 386–425. PMID 5173435.

External links

This page was last edited on 13 March 2024, at 12:56
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.