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Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.[1]
Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the Liberal Party (PL), the Progressives (PP) and the Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies.[2] Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties.[3] The number of political parties reached 35 on its apex on 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 Brazilian general election.[4][5][6] However, an electoral threshold introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as it cuts access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts.[4][7]
Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit. 'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit. 'Electoral Fund') for elections.[8] And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito.[9]
Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names; however, they can retain their number.
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Transcription
Active political parties
Parties represented in the National Congress
Other parties
Historical parties
Imperial Brazil
- Liberal Party (1831–1889)
- Farroupilha Party (1832–1845)
- Conservative Party (1836–1889)
- Progressive League (1864–1868)
First Republic and Vargas Era
- Paulista Republican Party (1873–1937)
- Rio-grandense Republican Party (1882–1937)
- Republican Party of Minas Gerais (1888–1937)
- Fluminense Republican Party (1888–1937)
- Federalist Party (1892–1928)
- Federal Republican Party (1893–1897)
- Conservative Republican Party (1910–1915)
- Workers' and Peasants' Bloc (1927–1930)
- Liberator Party (1928–1937; 1945–1965)
- Brazilian Black Front (1931–1938)
- Brazilian Integralist Action (1932–1937)
- Brazilian Socialist Party (1932–1937)
Fourth Republic
- National Democratic Union (1945–1965)
- Brazilian Labour Party (1945–1965)
- Orienting Labour Party (1945–1951)
- Christian Democratic Party (1945–1965)
- Social Democratic Party (1945–1965)
- Republican Party (1945–1965)
- Progressive Republican Party (1945–1946)
- National Agrarian Party (1945–1946)
- Popular Representation Party (1945–1965)
- Popular Syndicalist Party (1945–1946)
- National Labor Party (1945–1965)
- Social Progressive Party (1946–1965)
- Social Labour Party (1946–1965)
- Brazilian Socialist Party (1947–1965)
- Labour Republican Party (1948–1965)
- Renewal Labour Movement (1960–1965)
Military Dictatorship and Sixth Republic
- National Renewal Alliance (1966–1979)
- Popular Party (1979–1982)
- Democratic Social Party (1980–1993)
- Brazilian Labour Party (1981–2023)
- Democrats (1985–2022)
- Brazilian People's Party (1985–1990)
- Christian Democratic Party (1985–1993)
- Social Christian Party (1985–2023)
- Brazilian Municipalist Party (1985–1989)
- Liberal Party (1985–2006)
- Renewal Labour Party (1985–1993)
- Social Democratic Party (1987–2003)
- Progressive Republican Party (1988–2019)
- Retirees' National Party of Brazil (1988–1990)
- Social Labour Party (1988–1993; 1993–2003)
- Party of the Christian Democracy of Brazil (1989–1990)
- Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order (1989–2006)
- Progressive Party (1993–1995)
- Reform Progressive Party (1993–1995)
- Workers' General Party (1993–2003)
- Social Liberal Party (1994–2022)
- Humanist Party of Solidarity (1995–2019)
- Party of the Nation's Retirees (1995–2006)
- Free Fatherland Party (2009–2019)
- Republican Party of the Social Order (2010–2023)
- Patriota (2011–2023)
See also
- Lists of political parties; categories by country and ideology.
- Liberalism in Brazil
References
- ^ Sousa, Ana Cristina Augusto de; Silva, Lays Correa da (6 August 2021). "Redemocratização no Brasil: continuidade ou ruptura?". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) (in Portuguese). 22 (47): 570–575. doi:10.1590/2237-101X02204713. ISSN 1518-3319. S2CID 238849517.
- ^ Freedom House report on Brazil, 2007
- ^ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Número de partidos na Câmara deve cair após ápice da fragmentação em 2018". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Brasil tem 75 partidos políticos em processo de formação".[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Brasil vai às urnas em outubro com 35 partidos". Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Perspectiva é de fusão entre partidos". Valor Econômico (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ Fundo Partidário (estudo) Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005.
- ^ "L9504". www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Bancadas atuais da Câmara dos Deputados". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Senadores em Exercício". Senado Federal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 March 2024.
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This page was last edited on 23 April 2024, at 07:04