CMU Pronouncing Dictionary

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
Developer(s)	Carnegie Mellon University

Stable release	0.7b / November 19, 2014; 9 years ago (2014-11-19)

Available in	English
License	BSD
Website	www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict

The CMU Pronouncing Dictionary (also known as CMUdict) is an open-source pronouncing dictionary originally created by the Speech Group at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) for use in speech recognition research.

CMUdict provides a mapping orthographic/phonetic for English words in their North American pronunciations. It is commonly used to generate representations for speech recognition (ASR), e.g. the CMU Sphinx system, and speech synthesis (TTS), e.g. the Festival system. CMUdict can be used as a training corpus for building statistical grapheme-to-phoneme (g2p) models^[1] that will generate pronunciations for words not yet included in the dictionary.

The most recent release is 0.7b; it contains over 134,000 entries. An interactive lookup version is available.^[2]

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Database format

The database is distributed as a plain text file with one entry to a line in the format "WORD <pronunciation>" with a two-space separator between the parts. If multiple pronunciations are available for a word, variants are identified using numbered versions (e.g. WORD(1)). The pronunciation is encoded using a modified form of the ARPABET system, with the addition of stress marks on vowels of levels 0, 1, and 2. A line-initial ;;; token indicates a comment. A derived format, directly suitable for speech recognition engines is also available as part of the distribution; this format collapses stress distinctions (typically not used in ASR).

The following is a table of phonemes used by CMU Pronouncing Dictionary.^[2]

Vowels
ARPABET	Rspl.	IPA	Example
`AA`	ah	ɑ	odd
`AE`	a	æ	at
`AH0`	ə	ə	about
`AH`	uh	ʌ	hut
`AO`	aw	ɔ	ought, story
`AW`	ow	aʊ	cow
`AY`	eye	aɪ	hide
`EH`	eh	ɛ	Ed

Vowels
ARPABET	Rspl.	IPA	Example
`ER`	ur, ər	ɝ, ɚ	hurt
`EY`	ay	eɪ	ate
`IH`	i, ih	ɪ	it
`IY`	ee	i	eat
`OW`	oh	oʊ	oat
`OY`	oy	ɔɪ	toy
`UH`	uu	ʊ	hood
`UW`	oo	u	two

Stress
AB	Description
0	No stress
1	Primary stress
2	Secondary stress

Consonants
ARPABET	Rspl.	IPA	Example
`B`	b	b	be
`CH`	ch, tch	tʃ	cheese
`D`	d	d	dee
`DH`	dh	ð	thee
`F`	f	f	fee
`G`	g	ɡ	green
`HH`	h	h	he
`JH`	j	dʒ	gee

Consonants
ARPABET	Rspl.	IPA	Example
`K`	k	k	key
`L`	l	l	lee
`M`	m	m	me
`N`	n	n	knee
`NG`	ng	ŋ	ping
`P`	p	p	pee
`R`	r	r	read
`S`	s, ss	s	sea

Consonants
ARPABET	Rspl.	IPA	Example
`SH`	sh	ʃ	she
`T`	t	t	tea
`TH`	th	θ	theta
`V`	v	v	vee
`W`	w, wh	w	we
`Y`	y	j	yield
`Z`	z	z	zee
`ZH`	zh	ʒ	seizure

History

Version	Release date^[3]	License
0.1	16 September 1993	Public Domain
0.2	10 March 1994	Public Domain
0.3	28 September 1994	Public Domain
0.4	8 November 1995	Public Domain
0.5	No public release	Public Domain
0.6	11 August 1998	Public Domain
0.7	No public release	Public Domain
0.7a	18 February 2008	2-clause BSD
0.7b	19 November 2014^[4]	2-clause BSD
GitHub (unversioned)	26 May 2021	2-clause BSD

Applications

The Unifon converter is based on the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary.
The Natural Language Toolkit contains an interface to the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary.
The Carnegie Mellon Logios^[5] tool incorporates the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary.
PronunDict, a pronunciation dictionary of American English, uses the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary as its data source. Pronunciation is transcribed in IPA symbols. This dictionary also supports searching by pronunciation.
Some singing voice synthesizer software like CeVIO Creative Studio and Synthesizer V uses modified version of CMU Pronouncing Dictionary for synthesizing English singing voices.
Transcriber, a tool for the full text phonetic transcription, uses the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
15.ai, a real-time text-to-speech tool using artificial intelligence, uses the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary

References

^ "Sequitur G2P - A trainable Grapheme-to-Phoneme converter".
^ ^a ^b "The CMU Pronouncing Dictionary". CMU Pronouncing Dictionary. 2015-07-16. Archived from the original on 2022-06-03. Retrieved 2022-06-04.
^ ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/project/speech/dict/^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "CMUdict". svn.code.sf.net.
^ "Cmusphinx - Revision 10973: /Trunk/Logios". Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2009-12-19.

External links

The current version of the dictionary is at SourceForge, although there is also a version maintained on GitHub.
Homepage – includes database search
RDF converted to Resource Description Framework by the open source Texai project.

This page was last edited on 20 June 2024, at 11:03

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