Ā | |
---|---|
Example glyphs | |
Bengali-Assamese | |
Tibetan | ཨཱ |
Tamil | |
Thai | า |
Malayalam | ആ |
Sinhala | ආ |
Ashoka Brahmi | |
Devanagari | |
Cognates | |
Hebrew | א |
Greek | Α |
Latin | A, Ɑ |
Cyrillic | А, Я, Ҍ |
Properties | |
Phonemic representation | /ɑː/ /aː/ |
IAST transliteration | ā Ā |
ISCII code point | A5 (165) |
Indic letters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Consonants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Vowels | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Other marks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Punctuation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ā is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Aa is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter
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Transcription
Āryabhaṭa numeration
Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The "Ā" modifier could be used to indicate a consonant's base value, although the unmodified consonant had this value as well. The independent vowel letter आ was not used to indicate any numeric value in the Aryabhata system.[1]
Historic Ā
There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. Aa as found in standard Brahmi,
Brahmi Ā
The Brahmi letter Ā
Ashoka (3rd-1st c. BCE) |
Girnar (~150 BCE) |
Kushana (~150-250 CE) |
Gujarat (~250 CE) |
Gupta (~350 CE) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tocharian Ā
The Tocharian letter
Kaa | Khaa | Gaa | Ghaa | Caa | Chaa | Jaa | Jhaa | Nyaa | Ṭaa | Ṭhaa | Ḍaa | Ḍhaa | Ṇaa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taa | Thaa | Daa | Dhaa | Naa | Paa | Phaa | Baa | Bhaa | Maa | Yaa | Raa | Laa | Vaa |
Śaa | Ṣaa | Saa | Haa | ||||||||||
Kharoṣṭhī Ā
The Kharoṣṭhī letter Ā is indicated with the vowel length mark
Devanagari Ā
Ā (आ) is a vowel of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Devanagari Using Languages
The Devanagari script is used to write the Hindi language, Sanskrit and the majority of Indo-Aryan languages. In most of these languages, आ is pronounced as [ā]. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.
Bengali Ā
Ā (আ) is a vowel of the Bengali abugida. It is derived from the Siddhaṃ letter
Bengali Script Using Languages
The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the Bengali language and Assamese. In most languages, আ is pronounced as [ā]. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel.
Gujarati Ā
Ā (આ) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Ā
Gujarati-using Languages
The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, આ is pronounced as [ā]. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.
Telugu Ā
Ā (ఆ) is a vowel of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Malayalam Ā
Ā (ആ) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Odia Ā
Ā (ଆ) is a vowel of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Kaithi Ā
Ā (𑂄) is a vowel of the Kaithi abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Comparison of Ā
The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ā, are related as well.
Comparison of Ā in different scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Notes
|
Character encodings of Ā
Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter Ā in those scripts can usually be represented in plain text with a single codepoint. However, if the letter A is used as a consonant or a vowel support, the letter Ā is usually encoded as letter A plus vowel sign Ā. Ā from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII.
Preview | ఆ | ଆ | ಆ | ആ | આ | ਆ | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | DEVANAGARI LETTER AA | BENGALI LETTER AA | TAMIL LETTER AA | TELUGU LETTER AA | ORIYA LETTER AA | KANNADA LETTER AA | MALAYALAM LETTER AA | GUJARATI LETTER AA | GURMUKHI LETTER AA | |||||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 2310 | U+0906 | 2438 | U+0986 | 2950 | U+0B86 | 3078 | U+0C06 | 2822 | U+0B06 | 3206 | U+0C86 | 3334 | U+0D06 | 2694 | U+0A86 | 2566 | U+0A06 |
UTF-8 | 224 164 134 | E0 A4 86 | 224 166 134 | E0 A6 86 | 224 174 134 | E0 AE 86 | 224 176 134 | E0 B0 86 | 224 172 134 | E0 AC 86 | 224 178 134 | E0 B2 86 | 224 180 134 | E0 B4 86 | 224 170 134 | E0 AA 86 | 224 168 134 | E0 A8 86 |
Numeric character reference | आ |
आ |
আ |
আ |
ஆ |
ஆ |
ఆ |
ఆ |
ଆ |
ଆ |
ಆ |
ಆ |
ആ |
ആ |
આ |
આ |
ਆ |
ਆ |
ISCII | 165 | A5 | 165 | A5 | 165 | A5 | 165 | A5 | 165 | A5 | 165 | A5 | 165 | A5 | 165 | A5 | 165 | A5 |
Preview | 𐨌 | 𑌆 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | BRAHMI LETTER AA | KHAROSHTHI VOWEL LENGTH MARK | SIDDHAM LETTER AA | GRANTHA LETTER AA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 69638 | U+11006 | 68108 | U+10A0C | 71041 | U+11581 | 70406 | U+11306 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 128 134 | F0 91 80 86 | 240 144 168 140 | F0 90 A8 8C | 240 145 150 129 | F0 91 96 81 | 240 145 140 134 | F0 91 8C 86 |
UTF-16 | 55300 56326 | D804 DC06 | 55298 56844 | D802 DE0C | 55301 56705 | D805 DD81 | 55300 57094 | D804 DF06 |
Numeric character reference | 𑀆 |
𑀆 |
𐨌 |
𐨌 |
𑖁 |
𑖁 |
𑌆 |
𑌆 |
Preview | ཱ | 𑐁 | 𑰁 | 𑆄 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN AA | NEWA LETTER AA | BHAIKSUKI LETTER AA | SHARADA LETTER AA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 3953 | U+0F71 | 70657 | U+11401 | 72705 | U+11C01 | 70020 | U+11184 |
UTF-8 | 224 189 177 | E0 BD B1 | 240 145 144 129 | F0 91 90 81 | 240 145 176 129 | F0 91 B0 81 | 240 145 134 132 | F0 91 86 84 |
UTF-16 | 3953 | 0F71 | 55301 56321 | D805 DC01 | 55303 56321 | D807 DC01 | 55300 56708 | D804 DD84 |
Numeric character reference | ཱ |
ཱ |
𑐁 |
𑐁 |
𑰁 |
𑰁 |
𑆄 |
𑆄 |
Preview | ᦱ | |
---|---|---|
Unicode name | NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN AA | |
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 6577 | U+19B1 |
UTF-8 | 225 166 177 | E1 A6 B1 |
Numeric character reference | ᦱ |
ᦱ |
- See further below for Burmese and Tai Tham codepoints.
Preview | າ | า | ꪱ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | LAO VOWEL SIGN AA | THAI CHARACTER SARA AA | TAI VIET VOWEL AA | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 3762 | U+0EB2 | 3634 | U+0E32 | 43697 | U+AAB1 |
UTF-8 | 224 186 178 | E0 BA B2 | 224 184 178 | E0 B8 B2 | 234 170 177 | EA AA B1 |
Numeric character reference | າ |
າ |
า |
า |
ꪱ |
ꪱ |
- See further below for Khmer codepoints.
Preview | ආ | 𑄃 | 𑜡 | 𑤁 | ꢃ | ꨩ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | SINHALA LETTER AAYANNA | CHAKMA LETTER AA | AHOM VOWEL SIGN AA | DIVES AKURU LETTER AA | SAURASHTRA LETTER AA | CHAM VOWEL SIGN AA | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 3462 | U+0D86 | 69891 | U+11103 | 71457 | U+11721 | 71937 | U+11901 | 43139 | U+A883 | 43561 | U+AA29 |
UTF-8 | 224 182 134 | E0 B6 86 | 240 145 132 131 | F0 91 84 83 | 240 145 156 161 | F0 91 9C A1 | 240 145 164 129 | F0 91 A4 81 | 234 162 131 | EA A2 83 | 234 168 169 | EA A8 A9 |
UTF-16 | 3462 | 0D86 | 55300 56579 | D804 DD03 | 55301 57121 | D805 DF21 | 55302 56577 | D806 DD01 | 43139 | A883 | 43561 | AA29 |
Numeric character reference | ආ |
ආ |
𑄃 |
𑄃 |
𑜡 |
𑜡 |
𑤁 |
𑤁 |
ꢃ |
ꢃ |
ꨩ |
ꨩ |
Preview | 𑘁 | 𑦡 | 𑵡 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MODI LETTER AA | NANDINAGARI LETTER AA | GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AA | KAITHI LETTER AA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 71169 | U+11601 | 72097 | U+119A1 | 73057 | U+11D61 | 69764 | U+11084 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 152 129 | F0 91 98 81 | 240 145 166 161 | F0 91 A6 A1 | 240 145 181 161 | F0 91 B5 A1 | 240 145 130 132 | F0 91 82 84 |
UTF-16 | 55301 56833 | D805 DE01 | 55302 56737 | D806 DDA1 | 55303 56673 | D807 DD61 | 55300 56452 | D804 DC84 |
Numeric character reference | 𑘁 |
𑘁 |
𑦡 |
𑦡 |
𑵡 |
𑵡 |
𑂄 |
𑂄 |
Preview | 𑒂 | ᰦ | ꯥ | 𑲰 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | TIRHUTA LETTER AA | LEPCHA VOWEL SIGN AA | MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN ANAP | MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN AA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 70786 | U+11482 | 7206 | U+1C26 | 44005 | U+ABE5 | 72880 | U+11CB0 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 146 130 | F0 91 92 82 | 225 176 166 | E1 B0 A6 | 234 175 165 | EA AF A5 | 240 145 178 176 | F0 91 B2 B0 |
UTF-16 | 55301 56450 | D805 DC82 | 7206 | 1C26 | 44005 | ABE5 | 55303 56496 | D807 DCB0 |
Numeric character reference | 𑒂 |
𑒂 |
ᰦ |
ᰦ |
ꯥ |
ꯥ |
𑲰 |
𑲰 |
Preview | 𑚁 | 𑠁 | 𑈁 | 𑊱 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | TAKRI LETTER AA | DOGRA LETTER AA | KHOJKI LETTER AA | KHUDAWADI LETTER AA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 71297 | U+11681 | 71681 | U+11801 | 70145 | U+11201 | 70321 | U+112B1 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 154 129 | F0 91 9A 81 | 240 145 160 129 | F0 91 A0 81 | 240 145 136 129 | F0 91 88 81 | 240 145 138 177 | F0 91 8A B1 |
UTF-16 | 55301 56961 | D805 DE81 | 55302 56321 | D806 DC01 | 55300 56833 | D804 DE01 | 55300 57009 | D804 DEB1 |
Numeric character reference | 𑚁 |
𑚁 |
𑠁 |
𑠁 |
𑈁 |
𑈁 |
𑊱 |
𑊱 |
Preview | ᬆ | ꦴ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | BALINESE LETTER AKARA TEDUNG | JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TARUNG | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 6918 | U+1B06 | 43444 | U+A9B4 |
UTF-8 | 225 172 134 | E1 AC 86 | 234 166 180 | EA A6 B4 |
Numeric character reference | ᬆ |
ᬆ |
ꦴ |
ꦴ |
Preview | 𑴁 | |
---|---|---|
Unicode name | MASARAM GONDI LETTER AA | |
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 72961 | U+11D01 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 180 129 | F0 91 B4 81 |
UTF-16 | 55303 56577 | D807 DD01 |
Numeric character reference | 𑴁 |
𑴁 |
Preview | အာ | ာ | ါ | ᩋᩣ | ᩣ | ᩤ | អា | ា | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | (UNNAMED SEQUENCE FOR MYANMAR VOWEL LETTER) | MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AA | MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN TALL AA | (UNNAMED SEQUENCE FOR TAI THAM VOWEL LETTER) | TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN AA | TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN TALL AA | (UNNAMED SEQUENCE FOR KHMER VOWEL LETTER) | KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA | ||||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 4129 4140 | U+1021+102C | 4140 | U+102C | 4139 | U+102B | 6731 6755 | U+1A4B+1A63 | 6755 | U+1A63 | 6756 | U+1A64 | 6050 6070 | U+17A2+17B6 | 6070 | U+17B6 |
UTF-8 | 225 128 161 225 128 172 | E1 80 A1 E1 80 AC | 225 128 172 | E1 80 AC | 225 128 171 | E1 80 AB | 225 169 139 225 169 163 | E1 A9 8B E1 A9 A3 | 225 169 163 | E1 A9 A3 | 225 169 164 | E1 A9 A4 | 225 158 162 225 158 182 | E1 9E A2 E1 9E B6 | 225 158 182 | E1 9E B6 |
Numeric character reference | အ |
အ |
ာ |
ာ |
ါ |
ါ |
ᩋ |
ᩋ |
ᩣ |
ᩣ |
ᩤ |
ᩤ |
អ |
អ |
ា |
ា |
References
- ^ Ifrah, Georges (2000). The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 447–450. ISBN 0-471-39340-1.
- ^ Bühler, Georg (1898). "On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet". archive.org. Karl J. Trübner. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ^ Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [1]