O | |
---|---|
Example glyphs | |
Bengali–Assamese | |
Tibetan | |
Tamil | |
Thai | โ |
Malayalam | ഒ |
Sinhala | ඕ |
Ashoka Brahmi | |
Devanagari | |
Cognates | |
Hebrew | ו |
Greek | Ϝ (Ϛ), Υ (Ȣ) |
Latin | F, V, U, W, Y, Ⅎ |
Cyrillic | Ѕ, У (Ꙋ), Ѵ, Ю |
Properties | |
Phonemic representation | /oː/ |
IAST transliteration | o O |
ISCII code point | B0 (176) |
Indic letters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Consonants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vowels | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other marks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Punctuation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
O is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, O is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter
Āryabhaṭa numeration
Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The ो sign was used to modify a consonant's value ×1014, but the vowel letter ओ did not have an inherent value by itself.[1]
Historic O
There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. O as found in standard Brahmi,
Brahmi O
The Brahmi letter O
Ashoka (3rd-1st c. BCE) |
Girnar (~150 BCE) |
Kushana (~150-250 CE) |
Gujarat (~250 CE) |
Gupta (~350 CE) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tocharian O
The Tocharian letter
Ko | Kho | Go | Gho | Co | Cho | Jo | Jho | Nyo | Ṭo | Ṭho | Ḍo | Ḍho | Ṇo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
To | Tho | Do | Dho | No | Po | Pho | Bo | Bho | Mo | Yo | Ro | Lo | Vo |
Śo | Ṣo | So | Ho | ||||||||||
Kharoṣṭhī O
The Kharoṣṭhī letter O is indicated with the vowel mark
Devanagari Ō
Ō (ओ) is a vowel of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Devanagari Using Languages
The Devanagari script is used to write the Hindi language, Sanskrit and the majority of Indo-Aryan languages. In most of these languages, ओ is pronounced as [o]. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.
Bengali Ō
Ō (ও) is a vowel of the Bengali abugida. It is derived from the Siddhaṃ letter
Bengali Script Using Languages
The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the Bengali language and Assamese. In most languages, ও is pronounced as [o]. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel.
Gujarati Ō
Ō (ઓ) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Ō
Gujarati-using Languages
The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ઓ is pronounced as [o]. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.
Gujarati Candra O
Candra O (ઑ, short O) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Candra O, and ultimately the Brahmi letter
Gujarati-using Languages
The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ઑ is pronounced as [o]. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.
Javanese O
Telugu O
O (ఒ) is a vowel of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Telugu Ō
In addition, Telugu also contains a second O vowel, Ō (ఓ). It is also descended from the Brahmi letter
Malayalam O
O (ഒ) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Malayalam Ō
Ō (ഓ, Long O) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It is a variation of the regular Malayalam short O vowel that appeared after Grantha. Like other Malayalam vowels, Ō has two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters.
Odia O
O (ଓ) is a vowel of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Kaithi O
O (𑂋) is a vowel of the Kaithi abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter
Comparison of O
The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including O, are related as well.
Comparison of O in different scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes
|
Character encodings of O
Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter O in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. O from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII.
Preview | ఓ | ଓ | ಓ | ഓ | ઓ | ਓ | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | DEVANAGARI LETTER O | BENGALI LETTER O | TAMIL LETTER OO | TELUGU LETTER OO | ORIYA LETTER O | KANNADA LETTER OO | MALAYALAM LETTER OO | GUJARATI LETTER O | GURMUKHI LETTER OO | |||||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 2323 | U+0913 | 2451 | U+0993 | 2963 | U+0B93 | 3091 | U+0C13 | 2835 | U+0B13 | 3219 | U+0C93 | 3347 | U+0D13 | 2707 | U+0A93 | 2579 | U+0A13 |
UTF-8 | 224 164 147 | E0 A4 93 | 224 166 147 | E0 A6 93 | 224 174 147 | E0 AE 93 | 224 176 147 | E0 B0 93 | 224 172 147 | E0 AC 93 | 224 178 147 | E0 B2 93 | 224 180 147 | E0 B4 93 | 224 170 147 | E0 AA 93 | 224 168 147 | E0 A8 93 |
Numeric character reference | ओ |
ओ |
ও |
ও |
ஓ |
ஓ |
ఓ |
ఓ |
ଓ |
ଓ |
ಓ |
ಓ |
ഓ |
ഓ |
ઓ |
ઓ |
ਓ |
ਓ |
ISCII | 176 | B0 | 176 | B0 | 176 | B0 | 176 | B0 | 176 | B0 | 176 | B0 | 176 | B0 | 176 | B0 | 176 | B0 |
Preview | 𑌓 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | BRAHMI LETTER O | SIDDHAM LETTER O | GRANTHA LETTER OO | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 69649 | U+11011 | 71052 | U+1158C | 70419 | U+11313 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 128 145 | F0 91 80 91 | 240 145 150 140 | F0 91 96 8C | 240 145 140 147 | F0 91 8C 93 |
UTF-16 | 55300 56337 | D804 DC11 | 55301 56716 | D805 DD8C | 55300 57107 | D804 DF13 |
Numeric character reference | 𑀑 |
𑀑 |
𑖌 |
𑖌 |
𑌓 |
𑌓 |
Preview | ꡡ | 𑐌 | 𑰌 | 𑆏 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | PHAGS-PA LETTER O | NEWA LETTER O | BHAIKSUKI LETTER O | SHARADA LETTER O | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 43105 | U+A861 | 70668 | U+1140C | 72716 | U+11C0C | 70031 | U+1118F |
UTF-8 | 234 161 161 | EA A1 A1 | 240 145 144 140 | F0 91 90 8C | 240 145 176 140 | F0 91 B0 8C | 240 145 134 143 | F0 91 86 8F |
UTF-16 | 43105 | A861 | 55301 56332 | D805 DC0C | 55303 56332 | D807 DC0C | 55300 56719 | D804 DD8F |
Numeric character reference | ꡡ |
ꡡ |
𑐌 |
𑐌 |
𑰌 |
𑰌 |
𑆏 |
𑆏 |
Preview | ဩ | ᩒ | ᦷ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MYANMAR LETTER O | TAI THAM LETTER OO | NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN O | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 4137 | U+1029 | 6738 | U+1A52 | 6583 | U+19B7 |
UTF-8 | 225 128 169 | E1 80 A9 | 225 169 146 | E1 A9 92 | 225 166 183 | E1 A6 B7 |
Numeric character reference | ဩ |
ဩ |
ᩒ |
ᩒ |
ᦷ |
ᦷ |
Preview | ឱ | ໂ | โ | ꪶ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QOO TYPE ONE | LAO VOWEL SIGN O | THAI CHARACTER SARA O | TAI VIET VOWEL O | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 6065 | U+17B1 | 3778 | U+0EC2 | 3650 | U+0E42 | 43702 | U+AAB6 |
UTF-8 | 225 158 177 | E1 9E B1 | 224 187 130 | E0 BB 82 | 224 185 130 | E0 B9 82 | 234 170 182 | EA AA B6 |
Numeric character reference | ឱ |
ឱ |
ໂ |
ໂ |
โ |
โ |
ꪶ |
ꪶ |
Preview | ඕ | ꤪ | ᥩ | 𑤉 | ꢐ | ꨅ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | SINHALA LETTER OOYANNA | KAYAH LI VOWEL O | TAI LE LETTER O | DIVES AKURU LETTER O | SAURASHTRA LETTER OO | CHAM LETTER O | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 3477 | U+0D95 | 43306 | U+A92A | 6505 | U+1969 | 71945 | U+11909 | 43152 | U+A890 | 43525 | U+AA05 |
UTF-8 | 224 182 149 | E0 B6 95 | 234 164 170 | EA A4 AA | 225 165 169 | E1 A5 A9 | 240 145 164 137 | F0 91 A4 89 | 234 162 144 | EA A2 90 | 234 168 133 | EA A8 85 |
UTF-16 | 3477 | 0D95 | 43306 | A92A | 6505 | 1969 | 55302 56585 | D806 DD09 | 43152 | A890 | 43525 | AA05 |
Numeric character reference | ඕ |
ඕ |
ꤪ |
ꤪ |
ᥩ |
ᥩ |
𑤉 |
𑤉 |
ꢐ |
ꢐ |
ꨅ |
ꨅ |
Preview | 𑘌 | 𑦬 | ꠅ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MODI LETTER O | NANDINAGARI LETTER O | SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER O | KAITHI LETTER O | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 71180 | U+1160C | 72108 | U+119AC | 43013 | U+A805 | 69771 | U+1108B |
UTF-8 | 240 145 152 140 | F0 91 98 8C | 240 145 166 172 | F0 91 A6 AC | 234 160 133 | EA A0 85 | 240 145 130 139 | F0 91 82 8B |
UTF-16 | 55301 56844 | D805 DE0C | 55302 56748 | D806 DDAC | 43013 | A805 | 55300 56459 | D804 DC8B |
Numeric character reference | 𑘌 |
𑘌 |
𑦬 |
𑦬 |
ꠅ |
ꠅ |
𑂋 |
𑂋 |
Preview | 𑒍 | ꫡ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | TIRHUTA LETTER O | MEETEI MAYEK LETTER O | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 70797 | U+1148D | 43745 | U+AAE1 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 146 141 | F0 91 92 8D | 234 171 161 | EA AB A1 |
UTF-16 | 55301 56461 | D805 DC8D | 43745 | AAE1 |
Numeric character reference | 𑒍 |
𑒍 |
ꫡ |
ꫡ |
Preview | 𑚈 | 𑠈 | 𑈆 | 𑊸 | 𑅔 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | TAKRI LETTER O | DOGRA LETTER O | KHOJKI LETTER O | KHUDAWADI LETTER O | MAHAJANI LETTER O | |||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 71304 | U+11688 | 71688 | U+11808 | 70150 | U+11206 | 70328 | U+112B8 | 69972 | U+11154 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 154 136 | F0 91 9A 88 | 240 145 160 136 | F0 91 A0 88 | 240 145 136 134 | F0 91 88 86 | 240 145 138 184 | F0 91 8A B8 | 240 145 133 148 | F0 91 85 94 |
UTF-16 | 55301 56968 | D805 DE88 | 55302 56328 | D806 DC08 | 55300 56838 | D804 DE06 | 55300 57016 | D804 DEB8 | 55300 56660 | D804 DD54 |
Numeric character reference | 𑚈 |
𑚈 |
𑠈 |
𑠈 |
𑈆 |
𑈆 |
𑊸 |
𑊸 |
𑅔 |
𑅔 |
Preview | ᬑ | ꦎ | ᮇ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | BALINESE LETTER OKARA | JAVANESE LETTER O | SUNDANESE LETTER O | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 6929 | U+1B11 | 43406 | U+A98E | 7047 | U+1B87 |
UTF-8 | 225 172 145 | E1 AC 91 | 234 166 142 | EA A6 8E | 225 174 135 | E1 AE 87 |
Numeric character reference | ᬑ |
ᬑ |
ꦎ |
ꦎ |
ᮇ |
ᮇ |
Preview | 𑴉 | |
---|---|---|
Unicode name | MASARAM GONDI LETTER O | |
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 72969 | U+11D09 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 180 137 | F0 91 B4 89 |
UTF-16 | 55303 56585 | D807 DD09 |
Numeric character reference | 𑴉 |
𑴉 |
References
- ^ Ifrah, Georges (2000). The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 447–450. ISBN 0-471-39340-1.
- ^ Bühler, Georg (1898). "On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet". archive.org. Karl J. Trübner. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ^ Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [1]