This is a list of accidents and disasters by death toll . It shows the number of fatalities associated with various explosions , structural fires , flood disasters , coal mine disasters , and other notable accidents caused by negligence connected to improper architecture , planning , construction , design , and more. Purposeful disasters, such as military or terrorist attacks , are omitted; those events can be found at List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll .
While all of the listed accidents caused immediately massive numbers of lives lost, further widespread deaths were connected to many of these incidents, often the result of prolonged or lingering effects of the initial catastrophe. This was the case particularly in such cases as exposure to contaminated air, toxic chemicals or radiation , some years later due to lung damage , cancer , etc. Some numbers in the table below reflect both immediate and delayed deaths related to accidents, while many do not.
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Engineering
Explosions
Accidents with at least 200 deaths. This list does not include bombings, aviation incidents, or
mining disasters .
Deaths
Date
Incident
20,000
30 May 1626
Wanggongchang Explosion in Beijing, China in the Wanggongchang Gunpowder Factory destroys part of the city and kills 20,000 people[1]
3,000
18 August 1769
A lightning bolt caused the Brescia Explosion of a gunpowder depot in Brescia (Italy), destroying one-sixth of the city[2] [3]
3,000?
1 November 1948
Boiler and ammunition explosion aboard an unidentified merchant ship evacuating troops of the Republic of China Army from Yingkou , China for Taiwan in early November 1948.[4] [disputed – discuss ] Other sources suggest this figure is inaccurate.[5]
1,400–2,280
6 March 1862
Ammunition warehouse explodes and kills almost all of Oaxaca brigade, in San Andrés Chalchicomula , Mexico , during the first days of Second French intervention in Mexico [6]
1,950
6 December 1917
Halifax Explosion in Nova Scotia, Canada[7]
1,500
5 June 1941
Smederevo Fortress explosion of stockpiled ammunition at Smederevo Fortress near Belgrade in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia [8]
256–1,500+
16 September 1732
Military warehouse explodes and kills up to two-thirds of the population of Campo Maior district of Portalegre , Portugal[9] [10]
1,300+
7 August 1956
Ammunition trucks explode near a railway station in Cali , Colombia[11]
1,200
16 October 1926
Explosion of ammunition on the Chinese troopship Kuang Yuang , near Kiukiang , China[12]
1,121
8 June 1943
Japanese battleship Mutsu , at Hashirajima harbor, 1943 due to magazine explosion; ship sank on 9 June
1,100
27 January 2002
Lagos Armoury Explosion , in Lagos , Nigeria ; many deaths were from drowning during the resulting panic
1,082
18 October 1998
Jesse pipeline explosion , near Lagos , Nigeria
1,007
18 November 1918
Ammunition transporter explosion in Hamont , Belgium
1,000+
31 August 1794
Explosion of a gunpowder factory in Grenelle , France
843
9 July 1917
Propellant explosion of the British dreadnought battleship HMS Vanguard
800
14 April 1944
Bombay Docks Explosion in Bombay , Bombay Presidency , British India
738
26 November 1914
British pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Bulwark destroyed due to a magazine explosion
700
17 August 1989
Iraqi military plant with facilities explode at Al Hillah , Babil , Iraq
621
27 February 1925
Explosion of a dynamite depot in Brazil.[13]
600+
28 March 1943
Explosion of the Caterina Costa , at port of Naples ; over 3000 were also injured
590
3 November 1893
Explosion of dynamite cargo on the steamship Cabo Machichaco , in at the port of Santander, Spain , with more than 2,000 injured.[14]
581
16 April 1947
Texas City disaster in the Port of Texas City ; over 5,000 were also injured.
575
4 June 1989
Ufa train disaster in Ufa , Soviet Union.
565
21 September 1921
Oppau explosion at a BASF plant in Germany; possibly as many as 1,500 were killed
542
9 April 1945
SS Charles Henderson ammunition explosion at Bari , Italy; 1,800 injured
508
25 February 1984
A gasoline pipeline exploded in the favela of Vila Sao Jose, Cubatão , Brazil[15] [16]
500+
19 November 1984
San Juanico disaster , in Mexico City , Mexico
372
10 November 1944
Ammunition ship USS Mount Hood exploded at Seeadler Harbor , killing 372 and injuring 371
370+
27 July 1816
Powder magazine in Negro Fort in Spanish Florida exploded during battle with United States forces.
339
11 September 1905
Japanese battleship Mikasa explosion of magazine (artillery) while at port
322
17 July 1944
Port Chicago disaster at Port Chicago, California , United States
300 (estimate)
25 September 1911
An explosion occurred on the French battleship Liberté
300+
4 March 2012
Brazzaville arms dump blasts at Brazzaville , Republic of the Congo
296+
18 March 1937
New London School explosion at New London, Texas , United States
256
18 July 1806
Gunpowder magazine explosion , Birgu , Malta
256
4 June 2015
Gas station explosion in Accra , Ghana
235+
29 December 2001
Fireworks stand explosion in Lima , Peru. 235 bodies recovered, 144+ taken to hospital due to burns.[17]
234
23 December 2003
PetroChina Chuandongbei natural gas field explosion, Guoqiao, Chongqing , China
233
20 October 1916
Russian battleship Imperatritsa Mariya magazine explosion
230+
2 July 2010
2010 South Kivu fuel tank explosion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
220
11 December 1944
Gunpowder explosion on the train doing Japanese military and civilian transportation, Itoman, Okinawa, Japan.[18] [better source needed ]
219
25 June 2017
Bahawalpur explosion , an oil truck exploded in Bahawalpur , Pakistan.
218
4 August 2020
2020 Beirut explosion , Beirut , Lebanon
218
25 September 2023
Filling station explosion in Berkadzor , Nagorno-Karabakh [19]
217
11 July 1978
Los Alfaques disaster , in Sant Carles de la Ràpita , Spain
207
28 July 1948
1948 BASF tank car explosion , Ludwigshafen am Rhein , Germany; 3,818 were also injured[20]
206
22 April 1992
Gas explosions in Guadalajara, Jalisco , Mexico
206
17 September 2015
2015 tanker explosion in Juba , South Sudan [21]
200+
6 June 1991
Gotera ammunition dump explosion in Addis Ababa , Ethiopia
Industrial
Accidents with at least 200 deaths.
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
3,787–16,000
2–3 December 1984
Bhopal disaster
Union Carbide (now Dow Chemicals ) factory, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh, India
1,549
26 April 1942
Benxihu Colliery explosion
China
1,134
24 April 2013
Rana Plaza collapse [22]
Dhaka District , Bangladesh
1,099
10 March 1906
Courrières mine disaster
Courrières , France
687
15 December 1914
Mitsubishi Hōjō coal mine disaster
Kyūshū , Japan
682
9 May 1960
Laobaidong colliery coal dust explosion
Datong , China
581
16 April 1947
Texas City disaster
Texas City, Texas , U.S.
512
28 August 1899
Sumitomo Besshi bronze mine area, landslide with debris flow disaster
Niihama , Shikoku , Japan
500+
19 November 1984
San Juanico Disaster [23]
Mexico City, Mexico
476–1,000
1931
Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster
Gauley Bridge, West Virginia, United States
458
9 November 1963
Mitsui Miike Coal Mine disaster [24]
Mitsui Miike , Ōmuta, Fukuoka , Japan
439
14 October 1913
Senghenydd Colliery Disaster
Senghenydd , Wales
437
21 January 1960
Coalbrook mining disaster
Coalbrook, South Africa
426
6 June 1972
Wankie coal mine disaster
Wankie , Rhodesia/Zimbabwe
422
28 November 1914
Mine explosion caused by Methane gas
New Yubari Yūbari , Hokkaidō, Japan
405
20 February 1946
Bergkamen mining disaster
Bergkamen, West Germany
388
12 December 1866
Oaks Colliery
Barnsley , England
376
21 December 1917
Onoura, Kirino , Kyūshū , Japan
375
28 May 1965
Mine explosion caused by Methane gas[25]
Dhanbad Bihar, India
372
27 December 1975
Chasnala mining disaster
Sudamdih Colliery Dhanbad , India
365
20 July 1907
Hokoku, Itoda , Kyūshū , Japan
362
6 December 1907
Monongah Mining disaster
Monongah, West Virginia , U.S.
344
21 December 1910
Pretoria Pit Disaster
Westhoughton , England
319
31 May 1892
Marie ore mine fire
Příbram , Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic )
301
13 May 2014
Soma mine disaster
Manisa , Turkey
300+
9 May 1993
Nambija mine disaster , landslide destroying several mines and buildings
Zamora-Chinchipe , Ecuador
299[26]
7 February 1962
Luisenthal mine disaster
Saarland , West Germany
290
23 June 1894
Fire and explosion
Albion Colliery , Wales
289
11 September 2012
Karachi factory fire
Karachi , Pakistan
277
8 September 2008
2008 Shanxi mudslide caused by collapse of a mine landfill[27]
Xiangfen , Linfen , Shanxi, China
270
25 January 2019
Brumadinho dam disaster caused by the collapse of a mining dam
Brumadinho , Minas Gerais , Brazil
268
11 September 1878
Abercarn colliery disaster
Abercarn, Wales
266
22 September 1934
Gresford Disaster
Gresford , Wales
263
22 October 1913
Dawson, New Mexico
U.S. (first disaster)
263
3 March 1992
Incirharmani, Kozlu, Zonguldak , Turkey
262
8 August 1956
Marcinelle , Belgium
259
13 November 1909
1909 Cherry Mine disaster
Cherry, Illinois , U.S.
254
11 November 1937
Kogushi sulfur mine collapse
western Gunma , Japan
243
5 August 1909
Onoura, Kirino, Kyūshū, Japan
243
23 December 2003
PetroChina Chuandongbei natural gas field explosion[28]
Guoqiao, Kai County , Chongqing, China
239
19 December 1907
Darr Mine Disaster
Jacobs Creek, Pennsylvania, U.S.
236
1 June 1965
Chikuho Yamano, Kyūshū, Japan
235
14 June 1894
Larisch's mines (Jan and Františka)
Karviná , Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)
220
28 March 1965
El Cobre tailing dam and copper mine failure by earthquake
Chile
216
19 May 1902
Fraterville Mine disaster
Fraterville, Tennessee, U.S.
214
15 February 2005
2005 Sunjiawan mine disaster
Sunjiawan, Fuxin , Liaoning, China
210
15 June 1899
Hokoku, Itoda, Kyūshū, Japan
204
16 January 1862
Hartley Colliery Disaster
New Hartley , Northumberland, England
202
25 May 1917
Bolevec ammunition factory explosion
Pilsen , Bohemia , now in Czech Republic
200+
1 May 1900
Scofield Mine disaster
Scofield, Utah , U.S.
200+
27 February 1908
Mina Rosita Vieja disaster
San Juan de Sabinas , Coahuila , Mexico
Nuclear and radiation
Accidents with at least 10 deaths.
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
200–6,000
29 September 1957
Mayak nuclear waste storage tank explosion. 270,000 people were exposed to dangerous radiation levels.[29]
Chelyabinsk , Soviet Union
100–240
10 October 1957
Windscale fire
Windscale, Seascale , Cumbria (now Sellafield ), England . [There were no deaths due to deterministic effects (i.e., people receiving a high dose of radiation, rapidly becoming ill, and dying); the 100–240 figure is an estimate of the number of people who died later in life due to cancer caused by radiation from the accident[30] ].
95–4,000+[31] [32]
26 April 1986
Chernobyl disaster . The official report is 31 immediate deaths, 64 recorded cancer deaths by 2008, and potentially up to, but no more than 4,000 total cancer deaths.[33] Far higher death toll estimates have been made, but are disputed.
Pripyat , Ukrainian SSR , Soviet Union
17
August 2000 – March 2001
Instituto Oncológico Nacional , patients receiving treatment for cancer receive lethal doses of radiation.[34] [35]
Panama City , Panama
13
1996
1996 San Juan de Dios radiotherapy accident , 114 patients received an overdose of radiation.[36]
San José , Costa Rica
11
December 1990
Clinic of Zaragoza radiotherapy accident , (27 patients were injured)[37]
Zaragoza , Spain
10
10 August 1985
Soviet submarine K-431 accident, (49 people suffered radiation injuries)[38]
near Vladivostok , Russia
10
1974–1976
Columbus radiotherapy accident , 88 injuries[35] [39]
Columbus, Ohio , United States
Structural collapses
Accidents with at least 100 deaths.
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
26,000–240,000
8 August 1975
Failure of Banqiao Dam and 60 other dams in Ru River basin.[40] Figure includes subsequent diseases and hunger-related deaths.
Zhumadian , China
20,000+
AD 27
Amphitheater collapse
Fidenae , Italy
11,300
11 September 2023
2023 Derna dam collapse
Derna , Libya
1,800–25,000
11 August 1979
1979 Machchhu dam failure
Morbi , India
2,208
31 May 1889
Johnstown Flood
Johnstown, Pennsylvania , United States
1,134
24 April 2013
Rana Plaza collapse
Savar Upazila , Bangladesh
1,000+
19 August 1917
Tigra Dam failure
Gwalior , India
1,000
12 July 1961
Panshet Dam failure[41]
Pune , India
941
3 May 1868
Iruka Lake Dam failure
Inuyama , Japan
500–1500
20 September 1807
Eitai Bridge collapse
Tokyo , Japan
608
30 April 1802
Puentes dam collapsed flooding
Lorca , Spain
502
29 June 1995
Sampoong Department Store collapse
Seoul , South Korea
400–600+
12 March 1928
St. Francis Dam failure
Los Angeles County , California, United States
423
2 December 1959
Malpasset Dam failure
356
1 December 1923
Gleno Dam failure
Bergamo , Italy
250–434
18 August 2008
Koshi Barrage failure
Koshi River , Nepal
270+
25 January 2019
Failure of tailings dam on Córrego do Feijão iron ore mine [42]
Brumadinho , Minas Gerais, Brazil
268
19 July 1985
Val di Stava dam collapse
Tesero , Italy
244
11 March 1864
Dale Dike Reservoir dam failure
Sheffield , England, United Kingdom
238
10 June 1972
Dam failure caused by 1972 Black Hills flood
Rapid City, South Dakota , United States
107–500
1 May 1966
Dam failure[43] [44]
Vratsa , Bulgaria
226
16 April 1850
Angers Bridge collapse
Angers , France
200+
31 October 2017
Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site tunnel collapse
North Korea
~200
20 January 1980
Collapse of wooden bleachers at Corralejas bullring/stadium[45]
Sincelejo , Colombia
169
17 November 1981
Manila Film Center collapse
Pasay , Philippines
~160
10 December 2016
Uyo church collapse
Uyo , Nigeria
120–180
20 April 1986
Kantale Dam failure
Kantale , Sri Lanka
145
10 January 1860
Pemberton Mill collapse
Lawrence, Massachusetts , United States
144
9 January 1959
Vega de Tera disaster
Ribadelago , Spain
141
30 October 2022
2022 Morbi bridge collapse
Morbi , India
140
19 November 1974
Makahali River bridge collapse
Baitadi , Nepal
139
16 May 1874
Mill River dam failure
Williamsburg, Massachusetts , United States
139
13 September 1976
Apartment building collapse
Karachi , Pakistan
135
13 August 1993
Collapse of the Royal Plaza Hotel
Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand
128
28 July 1983
Guavio hydroelectric project dam collapse
Bogota , Colombia
125
26 February 1972
Buffalo Creek flood
Logan County, West Virginia , United States
125
8 November 1984
Rope bridge collapse
Munnar , India
120
1 February 1963
Nuns' school chapel collapse
Biblian , Ecuador
117
1951
Heiwa Lake Dam failure
Kameoka , Japan
115
12 September 2014
2014 Synagogue Church Building Collapse
Lagos State , Nigeria
114
17 July 1981
Hyatt Regency walkway collapse
Kansas City, Missouri , United States
111
11 September 2015
Mecca crane collapse
Masjid al-Haram , Mecca, Saudi Arabia
111
13 August 1935
Dam failure
Molare , Italy
108
1951
Taisho Lake Dam failure
Ide , Japan
100+
1 December 2000
Dongguan Mall collapse[46] [47]
Dongguan , China
100
21 February 1890
Walnut Grove Dam failure
Wickenburg , Arizona, United States
100
16 June 1990
Saque Comprehensive College collapse
Port Harcourt , Nigeria
Structural fires
Accidents with at least 200 deaths.
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
2,000–3,000
8 December 1863
Church of the Company Fire
Santiago, Chile
1,700–2,845+[48]
2 September 1949
Chongqing Waterfront Fire – "9-2 Fire"
Chongqing , China
1,670
25 May 1845
Theater fire
Canton , China
900
June 1871
Theater fire
Shanghai , China
800
30 December 1836
Lehman Theater fire
St. Petersburg , Russia
694
18 February 1977
Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire
Xinjiang , China
658
13 February 1937
Antoung Movie Theater fire
Nantong , China
614
26 February 1918
Happy Valley Racecourse fire
Hong Kong
602
30 December 1903
Iroquois Theatre fire
Chicago , Illinois, United States
600
20 May 1872
Theater fire
Tientsin , China
538
23 December 1995
Dayananda Anglo Vedic private school fire
Mandi Dabwali , Haryana , India
530
17 March 2000
Kanungu church fire
Kanungu , Uganda
500
17 December 1961
Gran Circus Norte-Americano – Niterói circus fire
Niterói , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
492
28 November 1942
Cocoanut Grove fire
Boston , Massachusetts , United States
448
8 December 1881
Ringtheater fire
Vienna , Austria
430
13 January 1883
Circus Ferroni fire
Berdichev , Ukraine
400
17 December 1778
Coliseo theater fire
Zaragoza , Spain
396
1 August 2004
Paraguay supermarket fire
Asunción , Paraguay
377–470+
19 August 1978
Cinema Rex fire
Abadan, Iran
360
14 February 2012
Comayagua prison fire
Comayagua , Honduras
326+
30 June 1900
1900 Hoboken Docks fire
Hoboken , New Jersey, United States
324
10 December 1994
1994 Karamay fire
Karamay , China
322
21 April 1930
Ohio Penitentiary fire
Columbus, Ohio , United States
322
22 May 1967
L'Innovation Department Store fire
Brussels , Belgium
312
1910
Barn fire
Ököritófülpös , Hungary
309
25 December 2000
Dongdu Commercial shopping center fire
Luoyang , China
291
29 December 2001
Mesa Redonda fire
Lima , Peru
289
28 October 1995
1995 Baku Metro fire
Baku , Azerbaijan
289
11 September 2012
2012 Karachi garment factory fire
Karachi , Pakistan
278+
5 December 1876
Brooklyn Theatre fire
Brooklyn , New York, United States
250
15 February 1909
Flores Theater fire
Acapulco , Mexico
242
27 January 2013
Kiss nightclub fire in Santa Maria
Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
234
27 November 1994
Discothèque fire
Fuxin , China
225
14 July 1960
Mental hospital fire
Guatemala City , Guatemala
209
23 April 1940
Rhythm Club fire
Natchez, Mississippi , United States
208
6 March 1943
Hoteiza theater fire
Kucchan , Japan
200
1847
Carslruhe theater fire
St. Petersburg , Russia
Recreation
Amusement parks
Accidents with at least 3 deaths.
Deaths
Date
Attraction
Amusement park
Location
28
14 February 2004
Transvaal Park (entire facility affected) ; the roof of the indoor water park collapsed
Transvaal Park
Yasenevo , Moscow, Russia[49]
15
27 June 2015
Formosa Fun Coast music stage ; a dust explosion on a music stage; over 400 others injured
Formosa Fun Coast
Bali , New Taipei , Taiwan [50]
8
11 May 1984
Haunted Castle ; a fire caused by a cigarette lighter igniting the flammable foam-rubber walls of the facility
Six Flags Great Adventure
Jackson Township, New Jersey , United States[51]
7
9 June 1979
Ghost Train ; a fire at the park's ghost train ride caused by either faulty wiring or sabotage
Luna Park Sydney
Sydney, Australia[52]
7
14 August 1981
Skylab; a crane collided with the Skylab carousel ; fifteen injured
Hamburger Dom
Hamburg , (Germany)[53] [54]
6
13 August 1944
Virginia Reel; a fire at the facility; 125 injured
Palisades Amusement Park
Cliffside Park -Fort Lee , New Jersey, United States[55]
6
29 June 2010
Eco-Adventure Valley Space Journey; a malfunction at a rocket launch ride; ten injured
OCT East
Yantian District, Shenzhen , Guangdong, China[56]
5
30 May 1972
Big Dipper ; the roller coaster broke free from its haulage rope; thirteen injured
Battersea Park
Battersea , London, England[57]
5
13 August 2007
Section of Ferriswheel failed to people fall.
World Carnival Busan
Busan, South Korea [58]
5
23 June 2017
Kuzuluk Aquapark swimming pool ; five people died after being electrocuted in the swimming pool
Kuzuluk Aquapark
Akyazi , Turkey [59]
4
24 July 1930
Big Dipper; a bolt came loose from the roller coaster; seventeen injured
Krug Park
Omaha , Nebraska , United States[60] [61]
4
25 October 2016
Thunder River Rapids Ride ; one of the rafts at the ride flipped upside down and became wedged under a conveyor belt
Dreamworld
Gold Coast , Queensland, Australia[62]
3
14 June 1986
Mindbender ; one of the roller coaster carriages failed and crashed into a concrete pillar
Galaxyland
Edmonton , Alberta, Canada[63]
3
26 July 1978
Skyway; a gondola detached from its cable and plunged to the ground
Six Flags St. Louis
Eureka, Missouri , United States[64]
Crowd crushes
Accidents with at least 100 deaths. These incidents may be variably referred to as crushes or panics.
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
6,000
29 March 1809
Ponte das Barcas disaster in Porto . Civilians fleeing the advancing French army tried to cross the Douro river over a fragile pontoon bridge , which collapsed.[citation needed ]
Portugal
4,000
5 June 1941
Mass panic at air raid shelter , during Japanese bombing of Chongqing , most deaths caused by suffocation .
Chongqing , China
2,400+
24 September 2015
2015 Mina stampede en route to the Stoning of the Devil ritual
Mina , Mecca , Saudi Arabia
1,426
3 July 1990
1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy inside a pedestrian tunnel
Mina , Mecca , Saudi Arabia
1,389
30 May 1896
Khodynka Tragedy at coronation of Nicholas II (Moscow, 1896)
Khodynka Field , Moscow , Russia
953
31 August 2005
2005 Al-Aaimmah bridge stampede (note: because the stampede was triggered by reports of a bombing , this figure is also included in the higher estimate for casualties of the War in Iraq)
Baghdad , Iraq
800
3 February 1954
1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede , crowd crush at religious festival
Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
363
12 January 2006
2006 Hajj stampede
Mina , Mecca , Saudi Arabia
357
22 November 2010
Phnom Penh stampede
Phnom Penh , Cambodia
354
23 October 1942
Crowd crush during an attack by the RAF Bomber Command in World War II as they made their way into Galleria delle Grazie, a railway tunnel used as an air-raid shelter.
Genoa , Italy
328
24 May 1964
Estadio Nacional disaster
Lima , Peru
270
23 May 1994
1994 Hajj stampede
Mina , Mecca , Saudi Arabia
258
25 January 2005
Mandher Devi temple stampede
Wai, Maharashtra , India
251
1 February 2004
2004 Hajj stampede
Mina , Mecca , Saudi Arabia
245
11 October 1711
Bridge stampede
Lyon , France
224
30 September 2008
2008 Jodhpur stampede disaster in Chamunda Devi temple
Rajasthan , India
183
16 June 1883
Victoria Hall theatre stairway crush
Sunderland , England
173
3 March 1943
Bethnal Green tube station panic
London , England
162
3 August 2008
Naina Devi Temple stampede
Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh , India
159
29 October 2022
Seoul Halloween crowd crush
Seoul , South Korea
135
1 October 2022
2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster
Malang , East Java , Indonesia
130
23 November 1994
1994 Gowari stampede in Maharashtra State Legislature building
Nagpur , Maharastra , India
124
1 January 1956
1956 Yahiko Shrine Stampede : New Year event stampede at Yahiko Shrine
Yahiko , Niigata , Japan
123
9 May 2001
Accra Sports Stadium Disaster
Accra , Ghana
118
9 April 1998
1998 Hajj stampede
Mina , Mecca , Saudi Arabia
115
19 September 1902
Shiloh Baptist Church stampede
Birmingham, Alabama
115
13 October 2013
2013 Madhya Pradesh stampede
Ratangarh , India
110
11 February 1823
Carnival tragedy of 1823
Valletta , Malta
105
10 October 1991
Yingze Park lantern festival stampede
Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
102
14 January 2011
2011 Sabarimala crowd crush , broken out during an annual pilgrimage
Sabarimala , Kerala , India
100
20 February 2003
The Station nightclub fire , fourth-deadliest nightclub fire in U.S. history
West Warwick, Rhode Island
Sporting events
Accidents with at least 10 deaths. This list does not include aviation or other transport accidents involving sporting teams traveling to or from a sporting event.
Deaths
Date
Incident
13,000
Between 284 and 286 AD
Collapse of a wall of Circus Maximus (Rome, sometime within the reign of Diocletian)[65]
1,112
140 AD
Collapse of the upper tier of the Circus Maximus (Rome, 140 AD)[66]
614
26 February 1918
Happy Valley Racecourse fire (Happy Valley, Hong Kong )
328
24 May 1964
Estadio Nacional disaster (Lima , Peru )[67]
~200
20 January 1980
Collapse of wooden bleachers at Corralejas bullring, Sincelejo , Sucre, Colombia [45]
135
1 October 2022
2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster (Malang , East Java , Indonesia )
127
9 May 2001
Accra Sports Stadium disaster (Accra Sports Stadium , Accra , Ghana )
97
15 April 1989
Hillsborough stadium crush (Sheffield , England)
93
12 March 1988
Hailstorm & Stadium crush (Kathmandu , Nepal)[68]
84
11 June 1955
1955 Le Mans disaster (motor racing accident) (Le Mans , France)
83
16 October 1996
Doroteo Guamuch Flores disaster (stadium crowd crush) (Guatemala City , Guatemala)
79
1 February 2012
Port Said Stadium disaster (Port Said , Egypt , 1 February 2012)
71
23 June 1968
Puerta 12 crush (Buenos Aires , Argentina, 23 June 1968)[69]
66
2 January 1971
Second Ibrox stadium disaster , stairway crowd crush (Glasgow , Scotland )
66
20 October 1982
Luzhniki disaster , stairway crowd crush on a stadium in Moscow, USSR [70]
61
1 January 2013
2013 Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium Disaster (Abidjan , Ivory Coast )
56
11 May 1985
Bradford City stadium fire (Bradford , England, 11 May 1985)
43
17 September 1967
Kayseri Atatürk Stadium disaster football stadium hooliganism (Kayseri , Central Anatolia , Turkey)
43
11 April 2001
Ellis Park Stadium disaster , football match crush (Johannesburg , South Africa)
42
13 January 1991
Oppenheimer Stadium disaster , football match crush (Orkney , South Africa)
39
29 May 1985
Heysel Stadium disaster football stadium hooliganism (Brussels , Belgium)
32
3 October 2014
2014 Patna stampede (Patna , Bihar, India, 3 October 2014)
33
9 March 1946
Burnden Park disaster (Bolton , England, 9 March 1946)
28
9 September 1928
1928 Italian Grand Prix , Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators killed when the driver crashed into a grandstand, (Monza , Italy)
26
5 April 1902
First Ibrox stadium disaster , terracing collapse (Glasgow , Scotland )
22–24
15 November 1982
Drunken football fans provoked a stampede at Deportivo Cali vs. América de Cali in Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero , Cali , Colombia [71] [72]
22
29 November 1900
Spectators on the roof of a glass factory observing the Big Game college football game caused roof to collapse (San Francisco, US)[73]
21
8 February 1981
Gate 7 stampede at the old Karaiskakis Stadium after a football game between Olympiacos and AEK Athens (Piraeus , Greece)[74]
21
22 May 2021
Gansu ultramarathon disaster 21 out of 172 runners died in windy and cold weather in a 100k mountain running race in China.[75]
19
29 March 2009
2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede (Abidjan , Ivory Coast )
18
18 November 1981
A wall collapses at the regional stadium in Ibague , Colombia in a football match between Deportes Tolima and Deportivo Cali [71]
18
5 May 1992
Temporary grand stand collapsed, before French Cup semi-final match SC Bastia and Olympique Marseille , (Bastia , Corsica, France).[76]
17
13–14 August 1979
1979 Fastnet yachting race storms (Fastnet Rock , Ireland, 1979)
16
16 August 1980
16 Football Fans die of Stampede in a Kolkata Derby at the Eden Gardens , Kolkata . Recognized as the Football Lover's Day .[77] [78]
15
10 September 1961
1961 Italian Grand Prix : Wolfgang Von Trips and 14 spectators killed when the Formula 1 car flew into the crowd (Monza , Italy)
13
12 May 1957
1957 Mille Miglia road race: driver Alfonso de Portago , his co-driver/navigator, Ed Nelson and 9 spectators were killed when they ploughed into spectators. (Guidizzolo , Mantua ; Italy, 12 May 1957). Also includes 2 separate deaths earlier in the road race. (Reggio Emilia and Florence )[79] [failed verification ] [80]
13
18 January 1953
1953 Argentine Grand Prix : F1 driver Nino Farina ploughed into the crowds, killing 13 (Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez , Buenos Aires, Argentina)
13
14 September 2008
2008 Congo football riots : DRC football league second division of Socozaki vs. Nyuki System at Matokeo stadium (Butembo , North Kivu , DR Congo)
13
31 August 1952
Grenzlandring , 13 killed and 42 injured including the racing driver when his car plunged into spectators, Wegberg , Mönchengladbach , Germany
12
20 May 2023
San Salvador crowd crush : 12 killed in a crowd crush during a football match at the Estadio Cuscatlán stadium in San Salvador , El Salvador
12
2 March 1969
Yellow River Dragstrip, a dragster crashed through a chain-link fence into spectators, killing 11. 12th person died later in hospital. (Covington, Georgia , US)
12
8 August 1903
Baker Bowl bleachers collapse (Philadelphia , US)
11
16 September 1911
Auto race at New York State Fairgrounds , when a car went through a rail fence into the crowd, (Syracuse, New York , US)
11
16 September 2011
2011 Reno Air Races crash , 11 killed including pilot Jimmy Leeward who crashed into grandstand VIP booths (Reno Stead Airport , Reno, Nevada , US)
Transportation
Aviation
Accidents with at least 200 deaths.
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
583
27 March 1977
Tenerife airport disaster
Tenerife , Canary Islands, Spain[81]
520
12 August 1985
Japan Air Lines Flight 123
Ueno , Japan[82]
349
12 November 1996
Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision
Charkhi Dadri , Haryana, India[83] [84]
346
3 March 1974
Turkish Airlines Flight 981
Fontaine-Chaalis , France[85]
301
19 August 1980
Saudia Flight 163
Riyadh , Saudi Arabia[86]
298
17 July 2014
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
Hrabove , Ukraine[87]
290
3 July 1988
Iran Air Flight 655
Bandar Abbas , Iran [citation needed ] [88]
275
19 February 2003
2003 Iran Ilyushin Il-76 crash
Kerman , Iran[89]
273
25 May 1979
American Airlines Flight 191
Des Plaines, Illinois , United States[90]
Cable cars
Accidents with at least 10 deaths. This list does not include incidents involving elevators.
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
155
11 November 2000
Kaprun disaster [91]
Kaprun , Austria
43
9 March 1976
1976 Cavalese cable car crash [92]
Cavalese , Italy
20
3 February 1998
1998 Cavalese cable car crash [93]
Cavalese , Italy
20
1 July 1999
Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car crash [94]
Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy , France
19
1 June 1990
Tbilisi cable car crash [95]
Tbilisi , Georgia
14
3 October 1999
Maling River Gorge cable car crash [96]
Xingyi, Guizhou , China
14
23 May 2021
Stresa–Mottarone cable car crash [97]
Mottarone , Italy
13
12 July 1972
Bettmeralp cable car crash[98] [99]
Bettmeralp , Switzerland
12
29 June 2017
Charra Pani cable car crash [100]
Charra Pani , Galyat , Pakistan
11
13 February 1983
Champoluc cable car crash[101]
Champoluc , Italy
Elevators
Accidents with at least 10 deaths. This list does not include incidents involving gondola lifts, ski lifts, and similar types of cable transport.
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
104
10 May 1995
Vaal Reefs mining disaster : A locomotive crashed through a safety barrier and fell into a mine shaft, hitting an elevator which was carrying 104 workers, and causing it to plunge to the bottom of the shaft.[102] [103]
Orkney , South Africa
62
31 August 1987
A methane gas explosion at the St. Helena gold mine severed the cable of a double-deck elevator, causing it to fall 1.4 kilometers to the bottom of the mine shaft, killing all 52 people on board. 10 others who were not in the elevator were killed in the explosion.[104] [105]
Welkom , South Africa
31
27 March 1980
A descending elevator became stuck in the Vaal Reefs mine shaft and then fell to the bottom of the shaft when it abruptly became unstuck, killing all 31 miners on board.[106] [107]
Orkney , South Africa
19
13 September 2012
An elevator fell about 100 meters at a construction site, killing everyone on board.[108]
Wuhan , China
19
10 October 1932
A mine-shaft elevator carrying 20 people fell at the Bickershaw Colliery , killing all but one person.[109] [110]
Leigh , England
18
30 July 1973
A mine-shaft elevator fell at the Markham Colliery.[111]
Chesterfield , England
16
10 September 1918
Protection Island mining disaster : A mine-shaft elevator cable snapped causing the elevator to plunge to the bottom of the mine.[112]
Protection Island near Nanaimo , British Columbia , Canada
13
27 November 2023
A mine elevator fell 200m in the Impala Platinum mine shaft accident .[113] [114]
Rustenburg , South Africa
12
30 October 2008
An elevator plunged to the ground at a construction site.[115]
Xiapu County , China
12
2 June 1993
An elevator plunged to the ground from the 20th floor at a construction site.[116]
North Point , Hong Kong
11
25 April 2019
An elevator fell at a construction site due to a snapped cable.[117]
Hengshui , China
11
29 July 2011
A mine-shaft elevator fell at the Bazhanov coal mine .[118]
Makiivka , Ukraine
10
27 March 1964
A steel cable hit a mine-shaft elevator at the Sachsen coal mine, killing 10 workers, including 5 Turkish nationals.[119]
Heeßen , West Germany
10
6 September 2014
An elevator plunged 32 stories at a construction site.[120]
Istanbul , Turkey
Maritime
Accidents with at least 200 deaths. This section lists peacetime shipping disasters only.
Deaths
Date
Incident
4,385
20 December 1987
MV Doña Paz (collision with the oil tanker MT Vector in the Tablas Strait , Philippines ). Casualty estimates vary because of thousands of stowaways .
1,863
26 September 2002
MV Le Joola , Senegal
1,573
10 September 2011
MV Spice Islander I (Zanzibar Channel)
1,514
15 April 1912
RMS Titanic (North Atlantic)
c. 1,500
6 February 1822
Tek Sing (near the Belvidere Shoals in the South China Sea )
1,500
27 January 1949
Taiping (East China Sea )
1,168
27 April 1865
Sultana (Mississippi River )
1,159
26 September 1954
Tōya Maru (Tsugaru Strait )
1,024
29 May 1914
RMS Empress of Ireland (Saint Lawrence River )
1,021
15 June 1904
PS General Slocum (New York , United States)
1,012
3 February 2006
MS al-Salam Boccaccio 98 , (Red Sea )
1,000
22 September 1912
SS Kiche Maru (off Honshu , Japan)
1,000
22 April 1916
SS Hsin-Yu (Zhoushan )
c. 1,000
3 March 1921 c. 3 March 1921
SS Hong Moh (South China Sea )
900
16 September 1927
Wusung (Kuril Islands , Empire of Japan)[121]
900
4 October 1744 c. 4 October 1744
HMS Victory (60 miles off Plymouth , England, near Black Rock)
894
21 May 1996
MV Bukoba (Lake Victoria , Tanzania )
852
28 September 1994
MS Estonia (Baltic Sea )
464–850
14 December 1991
MV Salem Express (Red Sea )
844
24 July 1915
SS Eastland (Chicago)
832
21 June 2008
MV Princess of the Stars (capsized by Typhoon Fengshen off Sibuyan Island, Philippines )
829
15 February 1760
HMS Ramillies (Devon , England)
826
22 September 1857
Lefort (Gulf of Finland )
800+
29 August 1782
HMS Royal George (Portsmouth , England)
746
8 November 1888
SS Vaitarna (lost in cyclonic storm of coast of Saurashtra , Gujarat, India)[122]
741
12 December 1939
SS Indigirka (Sarufutsu , Japan)
737
6 May 1902
SS Camorta (Irrawaddy Delta )
736
26 November 1914
HMS Bulwark (1899) (Sheerness , England)
731
24 December 1811
HMS St George (Ringkøbing , Denmark)
702
1 January 1738
Leusden (Marowijne , Suriname)
673
17 March 1800
HMS Queen Charlotte (Cabrera )
c. 640
3 September 1878
SS Princess Alice and SS Bywell Castle (River Thames )
644
2 September 1819
San Telmo (Drake Passage , Antarctica)
627
28 June 1904
SS Norge (Rockall )
625
17 July 1947
SS Ramdas (1947 Ramdas Ship Disaster , off Bombay , India)
608
29 October 1955
Novorossiysk (Sevastopol )
600+
24 December 1811
List of vessels lost on the Haak Sand on 24 December 1811
600+
3 September 1691
HMS Coronation (West of Penlee Point, Rame , England)
600
16 September 1782 c. 16 September 1782 – c. 17 September 1782
HMS Glorieux (Newfoundland , Canada)
600
25 May 1986
1986 Bangladesh MV Shamia ferry incident (Meghna River , southern Barisa, Bangladesh )
583
24 December 1811
HMS Defence (Jutland . Denmark)
580
27 January 1981
Indonesian passenger ship Tampomas II (caught fire and sank in Java Sea )
575
9 January 1920
SS Afrique (Bay of Biscay )
570
22 December 1810
HMS Minotaur (off Texel , Netherlands)
565
4 July 1898
SS La Bourgogne (Sable Island , Nova Scotia)
564
17 March 1891
SS Utopia (Bay of Gibraltar )
558
5 March 1916
SS Principe de Asturias (off Brazil)
550
29 June 2000
Cahaya Bahari (off Sulawesi , Indonesia )[123] [124]
546
1 April 1873
RMS Atlantic (Nova Scotia )
533
18 September 1890
Ertuğrul (Kushimoto , Japan)
528
8 July 2003
MV Nasrin-1 (Chandpur , Bangladesh)
520
14 April 1749
HMS Namur (Tamil Nadu , India)
500
1 April 1794 c. 1 April 1794
HMS Ardent (Villefranche-sur-Mer , France)
500–1,500
16 February 1993
Ferry Neptune (Haiti)
500–600
25 May 1986
1986 Bangladesh MV Shamia ferry incident (Meghna River , Bangladesh)
500
29 January 1986
Atlas Star (Dhaleswar River, Munshiganj , Bangladesh)[125] [126]
Rail
Accidents with at least 200 deaths.
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
900–1,700+
26 December 2004
2004 Sri Lanka tsunami train wreck
Sri Lanka
600–1,000
13 January 1917
Ciurea rail disaster
Romania
675–800
12 December 1917
Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne derailment
France
235–800
6 June 1981
Bihar train derailment [127] [128]
Bihar , India
600–700
24 January 1944
Vereshchyovka train disaster
Vereshchyovka, Soviet Union
600+
22 January 1915
Guadalajara train disaster [129]
Mexico
575
4 June 1989
Ufa train disaster
Ufa, Soviet Union
521–600+
3 March 1944
Balvano train disaster
Italy
428
13 January 1985
Awash rail disaster
Awash , Afar , Ethiopia
383+
20 February 2002
Al Ayatt train disaster
Egypt
370
27 December 1944
Stará Kremnička derailment [130]
Stará Kremnička , Slovakia
360
9 July 1981
1981 Chengdu-Kunming rail crash
Ganluo County , China
358
20 August 1995
Firozabad rail disaster
Firozabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
338
29 April 1997
Rongjiawan train disaster
Rongjiawan , Hunan , China
320
18 February 2004
Nishapur train disaster
Iran
307
4 January 1990
Sukkur rail disaster
Sangi, Sindh , Pakistan
300
7 January 1918
Changsha rail disaster [de ]
Changsha , China
300~
21 June 1915
Monte Morelas [131]
Mexico
300
22 September 1994
Tolunda rail disaster [132]
Angola
300
29 September 1957
Gambar train crash [133]
Montgomery , Punjab , Pakistan
296
2 June 2023
Odisha train collision [134]
Bahanaga , Baleshwar , Odisha , India
289
28 October 1995
Baku Metro fire
Baku , Azerbaijan
285
2 August 1999
Gaisal train disaster
Gaisal, West Bengal , India
281
24 June 2002
Igandu train disaster
Tanzania
278
22 December 1939
Genthin rail disaster
Genthin , Germany
248
14 March 1926
El Virilla train accident [135]
Costa Rica
230
23 December 1933
Lagny-Pomponne Railroad Disaster
France
226
22 May 1915
Quintinshill rail crash
Scotland
212
26 November 1998
Khanna rail disaster
Khanna, Ludhiana , Punjab, India
208
4 October 1972
Saltillo, Coahuila
Mexico
207
28 July 1948
BASF tank car explosion [de ]
Ludwigshafen , Germany
160–200
17 March 1982
Bau Ca train wreck [vi ]
Dong Nai , Vietnam
187
1 September 1957
Kendal, Jamaica
Road
Deaths
Date
Incident
Location
230
2 July 2010
Sange road tanker explosion [136]
Sange, South Kivu , DRC
219
25 June 2017
Bahawalpur explosion [137]
Bahawalpur , Pakistan
217
11 July 1978
Los Alfaques disaster [138]
Tarragona , Spain
207
15 February 1991
Thung Maphrao truck explosion [139]
Thung Maphrao, Phang Nga , Thailand
206
17 September 2015
2015 Juba tanker explosion [21]
Juba , South Sudan
168–3,000
3 November 1982
Salang Tunnel fire [138] [140]
Salang Pass , Hindu Kush , Afghanistan
154
5 November 2021
Freetown fuel tanker explosion
Freetown , Sierra Leone
125
6 December 1965
Sotouba truck collision [138]
Sotouba, Togo
121
12 July 2012
Okobie road tanker explosion [141]
Okobie , Nigeria
115
17 November 2016
Caphiridzange tanker explosion [142]
Caphiridzange, Mozambique
113
31 January 2009
Molo road tanker fire
Molo, Kenya , Kenya
110
12 March 1995
Tamil Nadu truck collision [143]
Sriperumbudur , Tamil Nadu, India
104
18 August 1968
Gero bus crash [138]
Gero, Gifu , Japan
100–200
5 November 2000
Ibadan road tanker explosion [144]
Ibadan , Lagos , Nigeria
100+
10 August 2019
Morogoro fuel tanker explosion[145]
Morogoro , Tanzania
98
28 March 2007
Kagarko truck explosion
Kagarko , Kaduna , Nigeria
96
12 July 1992
Machakos bus crash[146]
Machakos , Kenya
94
8 June 1999
Karnataka bus crash [147]
Karnataka , India
90
15 November 1976
Mafeteng bus crash
Mafeteng , Lesotho
90
29 June 1980
Kashmir bus crash [138]
Kashmir , India
90
24 June 2004
Zahedan bus crash [148]
Zahedan , Iran
90+
14 December 2021
Cap-Haïtien tanker explosion[149]
Cap-Haïtien , Haiti
81–115
6 January 1967
Cavite bus crash [150]
Cavite , Philippines
Space
Deaths
Date
Incident
54–300
24 October 1960
Nedelin catastrophe , Baikonur Cosmodrome , Kazakh SSR , Soviet Union - occurred on ground before launch
48
18 March 1980
1980 Plesetsk launch pad disaster , Plesetsk Cosmodrome , Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast , Soviet Union - occurred on ground before launch
21
22 August 2003
2003 Alcântara VLS accident , Alcântara , Brazil – occurred on ground before launch
7
28 January 1986
Space Shuttle Challenger disaster , crashed over Florida, U.S.
7
1 February 2003
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster , crashed over Texas and Louisiana , U.S.
6+
15 February 1996
Intelsat 708 , Xichang Satellite Launch Center , Sichuan , China , Launch vehicle veered off course immediately after liftoff and struck a nearby village, officially killing at least six people (although other estimates put the death count higher).
3
27 January 1967
Apollo 1 , Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , Cape Canaveral, FL , U.S. – occurred on ground during a "plugs out" test.
3
30 June 1971
Soyuz 11 , depressurized in space; only deaths in space as of 2024
1
24 April 1967
Soyuz 1 , southeast of Orenburg , Russia
1
15 November 1967
X-15 Flight 191 , near Edwards AFB , California, U.S.
1
31 October 2014
VSS Enterprise crash , suborbital , Mojave Desert , California, U.S., other pilot survived
Other
Smog
Accidents with at least 150 deaths.
Deaths
Date
Incident
12,000
5–9 December 1952
The Great Smog of London (5–9 December 1952). Delayed fatalities rise from 10,000 to 12,000.[151]
2,200
1880
Coal smog (London, 1880).[152]
1,000
December 1956
1956 London smog.[153]
780
December 1873
1873 London smog[154]
779
December 1892
1892 London smog[155]
700–800
December 1948
1948 London smog[155]
300–405
January–February 1963
1963 New York City smog
300–400
December 1962
1962 London smog [153]
220–240
November 1953
1953 New York City smog
168
23–25 November 1966
1966 New York City smog
160
12–15 December 1991
Smog (London, 12–15 December 1991)[156]
See also
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