This is a list of the Friday mosques for which the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan claimed responsibility in his autobiographies. Of the 77 mosques in the list, 39 are in Istanbul.
Background
Mimar Sinan was appointed to the post of chief Ottoman architect by the grand vizier Ayas Mehmed Pasha in 1539. Sinan occupied the position until his death in 1588 and served under three sultans: Süleyman I (ruled 1520–66), Selim II (ruled 1566–74) and Murad III (ruled 1574–95).[1] In his autobiography Biographical Memoir of Construction (Teẕkiretü’l-bünyān), Sinan claimed to have designed 698 building including 80 Friday mosques and more than 400 smaller community mosques (masjids).[2] In reality he led a team of royal architects and the buildings would have been collective works.[3] Sinan himself would have been occupied with the large building projects undertaken for the sultan. These were the Şehzade Mosque (1543–48), the Süleymaniye Mosque (1548–59), the Kirkçeşme waterworks (1561–65), the Büyükçekmece bridge (1565–67) and the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (1568–74). After this date, during the rule of Murad III, there were no major construction projects and as an old man he would have entrusted the work to other architects.[4]
The following list of 77 Friday mosques was compiled by the historian Gülru Necipoğlu. It is based on the lists appended to two of Sinan's autobiographies: Gift of the Architects (Tuḥfetü’l-miʿmārīn) and Biographical Memoir of Buildings (Teẕkiretü’l-ebniye).[5] The list excludes older mosques that Sinan renovated and those converted into Friday mosques from older community mosques.[6]
Chronological list of Friday mosques
| Date | Name | Location | Dome diameter | Listed dependencies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 1537 | Shahsultan Mosque | Eyüp, Istanbul | hipped roof | non-extant: dervish convent |
| 1538/39–1540 | Haseki Sultan Mosque | Haseki, Istanbul | 11.3 m (37 ft) | madrassa, hospital, elementary school |
| 1538–39 | Çavuşbaşı or Sütlüce Mosque (extensively rebuilt) | Sütlüce, Istanbul | hipped roof | none |
| 1541–42 | Tercüman Yunus Beg Mosque (extensively rebuilt) | Balat, Istanbul | hipped roof | madrasa |
| c. 1541–44 | Hadım Ali Pasha Mosque | Diyarbakır, Turkey | 14.4 m (47 ft) | madrasa |
| c. 1542–47 | Çukurcuma Mosque (completely rebuilt) | Tophane, Istanbul | hipped roof | none |
| c. 1543 | Nişancı Mustafa Çelebi Mosque (completely rebuilt) | Eyüp, Istanbul | probably hipped roof | non-extant: bath-house |
| 1543–44 | Osmanshah's mother (non-extant) | Aksaray, Istanbul | hipped roof | non-extant: madrasa |
| c. 1543/44–1548 | Mihrimah Sultan Mosque | Üsküdar, Istanbul | 11.4 m (37 ft) | madrasa; non-extant: hospice |
| 1543–1548 | Şehzade Mosque | Şehzadebası, Istanbul | 19 m (62 ft) | mausoleum, madrasa, hospice, elementary school, caravansarai |
| c. 1546–47 | Khusrawiyya Mosque (heavily damaged during civil war) | Aleppo, Syria | approx. 18 m (59 ft) | madrasa |
| 1547–48 | Sofu Mehmed Pasha Mosque now Sveti Sedmochislenitsi Church (converted to a church in early 20th century) | Sofia, Bulgaria | 18.3 m (60 ft) | none |
| 1548–59 | Süleymaniye Mosque | Süleymaniye, Istanbul | 26.5 m (87 ft) | four madrasas, hadith college, medical college, Quran recitation school, hospital, hospice, caravansarai, bath-house, elementary school |
| 1550–1552/53 | Rüstem Pasha Mosque | Tekirdağ, Turkey | 13.3 m (44 ft) | hospice, madrasa; non-extant: caravansarai |
| c. 1550–57 | Takiyya al–Khassaki Sultan Mosque (partly extant; see Haseki Sultan Imaret) | Jerusalem | hospice; non-extant: madrasa | |
| 1551 | Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque | Silivrikapı, Istanbul | 12 m (39 ft) | mausoleum; non-extant: bath-house |
| 1551–65 | Çerkes İskender Pasha Mosque | Diyarbakır, Turkey | approx. 15 m (49 ft) | none |
| c. 1552–57 | Rüstem Pasha Mosque (completely rebuilt) | Sapanca, Turkey | hipped roof | hospice, bath-house; non-extant: caravansarai |
| c. 1552 | Merkez Efendi Mosque (completely rebuilt) | Yenikapı, Istanbul | hipped roof | bath-house |
| c. 1552 | Tatar Khan or Juma-Jami Mosque | Yevpatoria, Ukraine | 6.0 m (19.7 ft) | non-extant: mausoleum |
| 1553–54 | Kapıağası Mahmud Agha Mosque (extensively rebuilt) | Ahırkapı, Istanbul | probably hipped roof | non-extant: madrasa, mausoleum |
| 1553–54 | Defterelar Ebulfaz Mehmed Efendi Mosque (non-extant) | Tophane, Istanbul | hipped roof | non-extant: mausoleum |
| 1554–58/59 | Sulaymaniyya Takiyya Mosque | Damascus, Syria | 10 m (33 ft) | hospice, madrasa |
| 1554–55 | Kazasker Abdurrahman Çelebi Mosque (non-extant) | Çapa, Istanbul | hipped roof | non-extant: mausoleum |
| 1554–55/56 | Sinan Pasha Mosque | Beşiktaş, Istanbul | 12.6 m (41 ft) | madrasa; non-extant: bath-house |
| 1555 (planned), c. 1565–71/72 | Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque | Topkapı, Istanbul | 12 m (39 ft) | madrasa, mausoleum |
| 1556–65/66 | Al-Adiliyah Mosque | Aleppo, Syria | unknown | none |
| c. 1557–60 | Rüstem Pasha Mosque (non-extant) | Samanlı (now Yalova) | probably hipped roof | non-extant: caravansarai |
| c. 1557–60 | Rüstem Pasha Mosque (non-extant) | Bolu, Turkey | probably hipped roof | non-extant: double caravansarai |
| 1558 | Selimiye Mosque | Konya | 12 m (39 ft) | (Architect was probably Sinan) |
| 1557–58 | Karađoz Bey Mosque | Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10.7 m (35 ft) | none |
| 1559–60 | Haseki Sultan Mosque (non-extant) | Svilengrad, Bulgaria | hipped roof | non-extant: hospice |
| 1559–60 | Cihangir Mosque (completely rebuilt) | Cihangir, Istanbul | hipped roof | none |
| 1559–60 | İskender Pasha Mosque (extensively rebuilt) | Kanlıca, Istanbul | hipped roof | mausoleum; non-extant: madrasa, bath-house |
| 1559–60 | Ferhad Pasha Mosque (extensively rebuilt) | Kastamonu, Turkey | hipped roof | none |
| c. 1560/61–1562/63 | Hürrem Çavus Mosque | Karagümrük, Istanbul | hipped roof | none |
| 1560–63/64 | Sultaniya Mosque | Karapınar, Turkey | 14.8 m (49 ft) | hospice, bath-house, caravansarai |
| c. 1661–65 | Semiz Ali Pasha Mosque | Marmara Ereğlisi | hipped roof | none |
| c. 1561 | Rüstem Pasha Mosque (extensively renovated) | Bolvadin, Turkey | 13.9 m (46 ft) | none |
| c. 1561–63 | Rüstem Pasha Mosque | Tahtakale, Istanbul | 15.2 m (50 ft) | none |
| c. 1563–70 | Mihrimah Sultan Mosque | Edirnekapı, Istanbul | 20.3 m (67 ft) | madrasa, bath–house |
| 1562–63 | Ferruh Kethüda Mosque | Balat, Istanbul | hipped roof | none |
| 1562–63 | Odabaşı Behruz Agha Mosque (extensively rebuilt) | Şehremini, Istanbul | hipped roof | non-extant: bath-house |
| c. 1562–63 | Binaemini Sinan Agha Mosque | Yenibahçe, Istanbul | hipped roof | none |
| 1562–63 | Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque | Erzurum, Turkey | 10.6 m (35 ft) | none |
| 1565–69/70 | Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque | Lüleburgaz, Turkey | 12.5 m (41 ft) | madrasa; non-extant: hospice, caravansarai |
| c. 1565–73 | Piyale Pasha Mosque | Kasımpaşa, Istanbul | 6 × 8.9 m (29 ft) | none |
| 1565–66 | Cenabi Ahmed Pasha Mosque | Ankara, Turkey | 14.4 m (47 ft) | none |
| c. 1565–69/70 | Firdevs Pasha Mosque | Isparta, Turkey | 12.4 m (41 ft) | none |
| c. 1564/65–1572/73 | Behram Pasha Mosque | Diyarbakır, Turkey | 15.9 m (52 ft) | none |
| c. 1566–70 | Lala Hüseyin Pasha Mosque | Kütahya, Turkey | 12.5 m (41 ft) | none |
| c. 1566–78 | Sokollu Mustafa Pasha Mosque (non-extant) | Budapest, Hungary | unknown | non-extant: mausoleum |
| c. 1566/67–70 | Osman Shah Mosque | Trikala, Greece | 18 m (59 ft) | none |
| 1567–68 | Köse Hüsrev Pasha Mosque | Van, Turkey | 14.8 m (49 ft) | non-extant: madrasa |
| 1567–68 | Mevlana Efendi Mosque (completely rebuilt) | Üsküdar, Istanbul | hipped roof | none |
| c. 1567/68–1571/72 | Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque | Kadırgalimanı, Istanbul | 13 m (43 ft) | madrasa, dervish convent |
| 1567–74 | Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque | Payas, Turkey | approx. 8 m (26 ft) | hospice, caravansarai |
| 1568–74 | Selimiye Mosque | Edirne, Turkey | 31.2 m (102 ft) | madrasa, hadith college, Quran recitation school |
| c. 1569–74 | Defterdar Mustafa Çelebi Mosque (dome rebuilt) | Edirne, Turkey | 12 m (39 ft) | none |
| c. 1569–75 (1585–86 portico and courtyard) | Semiz Ali Pasha Mosque | Babaeski, Turkey | 14 m (46 ft) | non-extant: madrasa |
| 1571–83 (expanded 1584–85/86) | Atik Valide Mosque | Üsküdar, Istanbul | 12.7 m (42 ft) | madrasa, Quran recitation school, hospital, dervish convent, caravansarai, bath-house |
| c. 1570–84 | Molla Çelebi Mosque | Beyoğlu, Istanbul | 11.8 m (39 ft) | non-extant: bath-house |
| 1570–71 | Murad Pasha Mosque (extensively renovated) | Baghdad, Iraq | unknown | none |
| 1572–79/80 | Pertev Pasha Mosque | İzmit, Turkey | 16.4 m (54 ft) | none |
| 1573–77 | Sokollu Kasim Bey Mosque (missing portico) | Havsa, Turkey | approx. 13 m (43 ft) | hospice, bath-house; non-extant: caravansarai |
| c. 1573–77/78 | Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque | Azapkapı, Istanbul | 11.8 m (39 ft) | bath-house |
| c. 1575–88 | Ferhad Pasha Mosque | Çatalca, Turkey | 9.2 m (30 ft) | none |
| c. 1576–85/86 | Haci Ahmed Pasha Mosque | Kayseri, Turkey | 12.3 m (40 ft) | none |
| 1577–90 | Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque | Eyüp, Istanbul | 12.4 m (41 ft) | mausoleum, twin madrsas |
| 1578–80/81 | Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque | Tophane, Istanbul | 12.7 m (42 ft) | mausoleum, bath-house |
| 1580–81 | Şemsi Pasha Mosque | Üsküdar, Istanbul | 8.2 m (27 ft) | mausoleum, madrasa; non-extant: dervish convent |
| 1583–86/87 | Muradiye Mosque | Manisa, Turkey | 10.6 m (35 ft) | hospice |
| 1584–85 | Mehmed Agha Mosque | Çarşamba, Istanbul | 11.8 m (39 ft) | mausoleum |
| 1584–85/86 | Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque | Hırka-i Şerif, Istanbul | 12.8 m (42 ft) | mausoleum |
| 1584/85–88/89 | Nişancı Mehmed Pasha Mosque | Karagümrük, Istanbul | 14.2 m (47 ft) | mausoleum |
| 1585 | Hacı Evhad Mosque | Yedikule, Istanbul | hipped roof | none |
| 1585–86 | Ramazan Efendi Mosque | Kocamustafapaşa, Istanbul | hipped roof | none |
| c. 1587–91 | Melek Ahmed Pasha Mosque | Diyarbakır, Turkey | 11.5 m (38 ft) | none |
See also
References
- ^ Necipoğlu 2005, p. 27.
- ^ Necipoğlu 2005, pp. 135–136.
- ^ Necipoğlu 2005, p. 135.
- ^ Necipoğlu 2005, p. 181.
- ^ Necipoğlu 2005, pp. 558–561.
- ^ Necipoğlu 2005, p. 47.
Sources
- Necipoğlu, Gülru (2005). The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-253-9.
Further reading
- Crane, Howard; Akın, Esra; Necipoĝlu, Gülru, eds. (2006). Sinan's Autobiographies: Five Sixteenth-century Texts. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-14168-1.
This page was last edited on 24 November 2023, at 14:31