| Fourth siege of Kruje | |||||||||
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| Part of Ottoman–Venetian wars | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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League of Lezhë Republic of Venice | Ottoman Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Lekë Dukagjini Kararslan Kalogirou[1] |
Mehmed the Conqueror Koca Davud Pasha[2] Mihaloğlu Ali Bey Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey Evranos-zâde Ahmed | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
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Garrison of 2,000 to 5,000 infantry and 500 civilians[3] 10,000 (siege relief army) | Unknown | ||||||||
The fourth siege of Krujë by the Ottoman Empire of Krujë in Albania occurred in 1478, ten years after the death of the Skanderbeg, and resulted in the town's capture after the failure of three prior sieges and a prolonged siege that lasted a year.
Demoralized and severely weakened by hunger and lack of supplies from the year-long siege, the defenders surrendered to Sultan Mehmed II, who had promised them they could leave unharmed in exchange. One of the important historical sources about this siege is the fourth volume of the Annali Veneti e del Mondo manuscript written by Stefano Magno.[4] However, the Ottomans massacred all of the males in the city and took the women as slaves.[5]
YouTube Encyclopedic
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23rd November 1450: Ottoman forces abandon First Siege of Krujë after failing to defeat Skanderbeg
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Sultan Murad II's first Siege of Krujë In 1450
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The Ottoman Siege of Shkodra In 1478-79
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Fatih Sultan Mehmet's Siege of Krujë
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The revolt of the Albanian hero Skanderbeg against the Ottoman Empire
Transcription
Defeat of the relief army
Evrenos-zâde Ahmed Bey and Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey were sent in front of the army to build roads and repair bridges. Despite this, the army's movements were made very difficult by the harsh Albanian terrain. Thus, the army, advancing in great difficulty, came to Kruje. Mehmed wanted the castle to be taken as the first objective of the Ottoman offensive of 1477-79 against the Venetian holdings in Albania. A small force was defending Kruje, which was in the hands of the Venetians. After a year-long siege, the city exhausted its supplies, which were mismanaged by the commanders of the defending troops. The Venetians sent auxiliary forces to relieve the city. However, Ahmed Bey defeated these forces, which were estimated to number more than 10,000, with a much smaller force and eliminated the possibility of helping the castle. After this, the garrison's hope was completely crushed. The defenders of Kruje, who ate cats and dogs because of hunger, were running low on weapons, and hearing that the Sultan himself had arrived, they surrendered, realizing that there was no other alternative for survival.[6][7]
Krujë fell in June of 1478, and the Ottomans massacred all of the males within the city and carried off the women as slaves.[8]
See also
References
- ^ Frashëri, Kristo (2002), Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra, 1405–1468 (in Albanian), Botimet Toena, ISBN 99927-1-627-4
- ^ Babinger, Franz (1992). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Bollingen Series 96. Translated from the German by Ralph Manheim. Edited, with a preface, by William C. Hickman. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 362. ISBN 0-691-09900-6. OCLC 716361786.
- ^ Bešić, Zarij M. (1970). Istorija Črne Gore, Volume 2, Part 2 (in Serbian). Titograd: Redakcija za istoriju Črne Gore. p. 312.
Опсада Кроје, предузета с прољећа 1477. год., трајала јевише од године дана. Млечани су, шаљући веће снаге, покуша-вали да продру до града и да браниоцима дотуре помоћ. Јер, у Кроји је било само 250 пјешака и 500 стадавника, а хране и муницијесамо за шест мјесеци.
- ^ Setton, Kenneth M. (1978). The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 329. ISBN 0-87169-127-2.
- ^ Fine, John V. A. (1994). The late medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the late twelfth century to the Ottoman conquest (2. print ed.). Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press. p. 600. ISBN 9780472082605.
- ^ Tansel, Selahattin. Osmanlı Kaynaklarına Göre Fatih Sultan Mehmed'in Askerî Faaliyetleri (PDF) (in Turkish). p. 143.
- ^ Fine, John V. A. (1994). The late medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the late twelfth century to the Ottoman conquest (2. print ed.). Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press. p. 600. ISBN 9780472082605.
- ^ Fine, John V. A. (1994). The late medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the late twelfth century to the Ottoman conquest (2. print ed.). Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press. p. 600. ISBN 9780472082605.
- Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy . History of the Ottoman Turks
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41°31′N 19°48′E / 41.517°N 19.800°E
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This page was last edited on 13 April 2024, at 08:50