21st century BC

Millennium
3rd millennium BC
Centuries
22nd century BC 21st century BC 20th century BC
Timelines
22nd century BC 21st century BC 20th century BC
State leaders
22nd century BC 21st century BC 20th century BC
Decades
2090s BC 2080s BC 2070s BC 2060s BC 2050s BC 2040s BC 2030s BC 2020s BC 2010s BC 2000s BC
Categories:
Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments
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The 21st century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2100 BC to 2001 BC.

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Events

All dates from this long ago should be regarded as either approximate or conjectural; there are no absolutely certain dates, and multiple competing reconstructed chronologies, for this time period.

c. 2150–2040 BC – The First Intermediate Period of Egypt, a period of decline in Egyptian central power.^[1]
c. 2112–2004 BC – The Third Dynasty of Ur.^[2] The Ziggurat of Ur is built. Administrative power in Ur is pushed far, with an Ensi, an appointed civil servant, at the head of the constituencies. A meticulous and finicky bureaucracy manages, counts and controls the whole administration, which is as much concerned with the economy as with war or the service of the gods. The weight of such an administration arguably contributes to the collapse of the empire. Finally, the Elamites sack Ur and the third dynasty comes to an end.^[3]
c. 2100–2000 BC:
- Epic poetry is written in the Sumerian language, including the Epic of Gilgamesh.^[4]
- In Chalcolithic Europe, the two circles of bluestones that form the inner part of Stonehenge are erected.^[5]
- Shahr-e Sukhteh, "The Burnt City" in Persia, is abandoned.^[6]
c. 2100–1900 BC: The beginning of the Middle Minoan civilization in Crete.^[7] Bronze metallurgy and the potter's wheel are introduced,^[8] as are Cretan hieroglyphs.^[9]
c. 2100–1800 BC – The Sintashta culture emerges in the northern Eurasian Steppe.^[10]
c. 2070 BC – Yu the Great establishes the Xia dynasty in China.^[11]
c. 2050 BC – The beginning of the Middle Kerma culture in Upper Nubia.^[12]
Late spring 2049 BC – Seahenge is built in Britain.^[13]
c. 2040 BC – Mentuhotep II, ruler of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt in Thebes, completes the reunification of Egypt following his victory over the pharaohs of Herakleopolis, which marks the beginning of the Middle Kingdom.^[14]
c. 2000 BC – The earliest bronze age artifacts in Southeast Asia found in the Ban Chiang site in Thailand indicate the absence of a militaristic or urbanized state.^[15]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 21st century BC.

^ O'Neill, John P. (1999). Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-87099-907-9.
^ Roux, Georges (1995). La Mésopotamie. Seuil. p. 189. ISBN 978-2-02-008632-5.
^ Margueron, Jean-Claude (2012). Le Proche-Orient et l'Égypte antiques. Hachette Éducation Technique. p. 174. ISBN 978-2-01-140096-3.
^ Papin, Yves Denis (1998). Chronologie de l'histoire ancienne. Jean-paul Gisserot. p. 8. ISBN 978-2-87747-346-0.
^ Azéma, Marc; Brasier, Laurent (2016). Le beau livre de la préhistoire. Dunod. p. 371. ISBN 978-2-10-075789-3.
^ Foltz, Richard C. (2016). Iran in World History. Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-19-933550-3.
^ Protopsaltis, Demetrios (2012). An Encyclopedic Chronology of Greece and Its History. Xlibris Corporation. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4691-3999-9.
^ Tulard, Jean (1978). Histoire de la Crète. Que sais-je ?. p. 72. ISBN 978-2-13-065663-0.
^ Pichot, André (2014). La naissance de la science. Vol. 2. Gallimard. p. 15. ISBN 978-2-07-253206-1.
^ Hanks, Bryan K.; Linduff, Katheryn M. (2009). Social Complexity in Prehistoric Eurasia. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-521-51712-6.
^ Mungello, David E. (2009). The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 (3 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 97. ISBN 9780742557987.
^ Edwards, David N. (2004). The Nubian Past. Routledge. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-134-20087-0.
^ Based on tree felling date. "The art of Seahenge". The British Museum. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
^ Grimal, Nicolas (1988). Histoire de l’Égypte ancienne. Fayard. p. 194. ISBN 978-2-213-64001-3.
^ "White, J.C. 2008 Dating Early Bronze at Ban Chiang, Thailand. In From Homo erectus to the Living Traditions. Pautreau, J.-P.; Coupey, A.-S.; Zeitoun, V.; Rambault, E., editors. European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists, Chiang Mai, pp. 91-104" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2012-04-24.

Decades and years

21st century BC
23rd century BC ← 22nd century BC ← ↔ → 20th century BC → 19th century BC

<b>2100s <small>BC</small></b>	2109 BC	2108 BC	2107 BC	2106 BC	2105 BC	2104 BC	2103 BC	2102 BC	2101 BC	2100 BC
2090s BC	2099 BC	2098 BC	2097 BC	2096 BC	2095 BC	2094 BC	2093 BC	2092 BC	2091 BC	2090 BC
2080s BC	2089 BC	2088 BC	2087 BC	2086 BC	2085 BC	2084 BC	2083 BC	2082 BC	2081 BC	2080 BC
2070s BC	2079 BC	2078 BC	2077 BC	2076 BC	2075 BC	2074 BC	2073 BC	2072 BC	2071 BC	2070 BC
2060s BC	2069 BC	2068 BC	2067 BC	2066 BC	2065 BC	2064 BC	2063 BC	2062 BC	2061 BC	2060 BC
2050s BC	2059 BC	2058 BC	2057 BC	2056 BC	2055 BC	2054 BC	2053 BC	2052 BC	2051 BC	2050 BC
2040s BC	2049 BC	2048 BC	2047 BC	2046 BC	2045 BC	2044 BC	2043 BC	2042 BC	2041 BC	2040 BC
2030s BC	2039 BC	2038 BC	2037 BC	2036 BC	2035 BC	2034 BC	2033 BC	2032 BC	2031 BC	2030 BC
2020s BC	2029 BC	2028 BC	2027 BC	2026 BC	2025 BC	2024 BC	2023 BC	2022 BC	2021 BC	2020 BC
2010s BC	2019 BC	2018 BC	2017 BC	2016 BC	2015 BC	2014 BC	2013 BC	2012 BC	2011 BC	2010 BC
<b>2000s <small>BC</small></b>	2009 BC	2008 BC	2007 BC	2006 BC	2005 BC	2004 BC	2003 BC	2002 BC	2001 BC	2000 BC
1990s BC	1999 BC	1998 BC	1997 BC	1996 BC	1995 BC	1994 BC	1993 BC	1992 BC	1991 BC	1990 BC

Centuries and millennia

Millennium	Century
BC (BCE)
4th	40th	39th	38th	37th	36th	35th	34th	33rd	32nd	31st
3rd	30th	29th	28th	27th	26th	25th	24th	23rd	22nd	21st
2nd	20th	19th	18th	17th	16th	15th	14th	13th	12th	11th
1st	10th	9th	8th	7th	6th	5th	4th	3rd	2nd	1st
AD (CE)
1st	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2nd	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th
3rd	21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th	26th	27th	28th	29th	30th

This page was last edited on 12 April 2024, at 11:42

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Events

References