Listed buildings in Sheffield S3

The S3 district lies within the City of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The district contains 101 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, seven are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The district is lies north and west of central Sheffield, and includes the areas of Broomhall, Burngreave, Kelham Island, Neepsend, Netherthorpe, and the markets area of Sheffield City Centre.

For neighbouring areas, see listed buildings in Sheffield City Centre, listed buildings in S4, listed buildings in S5, listed buildings in S6 and listed buildings in S10.

Key

Buildings

Name and location	Street	Photograph	Date	Notes	Grade
Lady's Bridge 53°23′08″N 1°27′51″W / 53.38555°N 1.46427°W / 53.38555; -1.46427 (LADYS BRIDGE OVER RIVER DON)	Lady's Bridge		1485		II
Farfield Inn 53°23′45″N 1°29′09″W / 53.39588°N 1.48595°W / 53.39588; -1.48595 (THE OWL PUBLIC HOUSE)	Neepsend Lane		1753		II
John Watts Cutlery Works 53°23′09″N 1°28′18″W / 53.38594°N 1.47179°W / 53.38594; -1.47179 (JOHN WATTS CUTLERY WORKS)	Lambert Street		Late 18th century		II
117 and 119 West Bar 53°23′09″N 1°28′15″W / 53.38577°N 1.47093°W / 53.38577; -1.47093 (117 AND 119, WEST BAR)	West Bar		1794		II
Kelham Weir 53°23′25″N 1°28′31″W / 53.39027°N 1.47519°W / 53.39027; -1.47519 (BALL STREET BRIDGE KELHAM WEIR)	N/A		About 1800		II
Old Town Hall 53°23′04″N 1°27′53″W / 53.38449°N 1.46468°W / 53.38449; -1.46468 (COURT HOUSE)	Waingate		1808	Designed by Charles Watson	II
5 Conway Street 53°22′43″N 1°29′00″W / 53.37864°N 1.48339°W / 53.37864; -1.48339 (98, GELL STREET, 5, CONWAY STREET)	Conway Street		About 1820		II
100 & 102 Gell Street 53°22′42″N 1°29′00″W / 53.37843°N 1.48341°W / 53.37843; -1.48341 (100 AND 102, GELL STREET)	Gell Street		About 1820		II
15 Regent Terrace 53°22′50″N 1°28′53″W / 53.38054°N 1.48149°W / 53.38054; -1.48149 (15, REGENT TERRACE)	Regent Terrace		About 1820		II
Cornish Place East Range 53°23′25″N 1°28′35″W / 53.39031°N 1.47647°W / 53.39031; -1.47647 (EAST RANGE AT CORNISH PLACE WORKS)	Cornish Street		1822		II*
Cornish Place West Range 53°23′26″N 1°28′38″W / 53.39063°N 1.47713°W / 53.39063; -1.47713 (WEST RANGE AT CORNISH PLACE WORKS)	Cornish Street		1822		II*
Ebenezer Chapel 53°23′18″N 1°28′26″W / 53.38843°N 1.47392°W / 53.38843; -1.47392 (Former Ebenezer Wesleyan Chapel)	South Parade		1823		II
Christ Church Vicarage 53°23′51″N 1°28′05″W / 53.39756°N 1.46793°W / 53.39756; -1.46793 (CHRIST CHURCH VICARAGE)	Pitsmoor Road		Early 19th century		II
Globe Works 53°23′23″N 1°28′41″W / 53.38984°N 1.47799°W / 53.38984; -1.47799 (GLOBE WORKS)	Penistone Road		1825	Designed by Henry and William Ibbotson	II*
Kashmir House 53°23′50″N 1°28′06″W / 53.39730°N 1.46840°W / 53.39730; -1.46840 (253, PITSMOOR ROAD)	Pitsmoor Road		About 1825		II
The Milestone 53°23′23″N 1°28′36″W / 53.38968°N 1.47654°W / 53.38968; -1.47654 (THE FORMER BALL INN)	Green Lane		Early 19th century		II
259 Pitsmoor Road 53°23′52″N 1°28′04″W / 53.39773°N 1.46769°W / 53.39773; -1.46769 (259, PITSMOOR ROAD)	Pitsmoor Road		Early 19th century		II
249 and 251 Pitsmoor Road 53°23′49″N 1°28′08″W / 53.39702°N 1.46893°W / 53.39702; -1.46893 (249 AND 251, PITSMOOR ROAD)	Pitsmoor Road		About 1825		II
Toll House 53°24′01″N 1°27′55″W / 53.40032°N 1.46531°W / 53.40032; -1.46531 (TOLL HOUSE AND ATTACHED RAILING AND WALL)	Burngreave Road		Early 19th century		II
Methodist Chapel and Littlewood Memorial Hall 53°23′08″N 1°28′25″W / 53.38557°N 1.47370°W / 53.38557; -1.47370 (CHAPEL HOUSE AND ATTACHED HALL)	Scotland Street		1828		II
36 & 38 Victoria Street 53°22′50″N 1°28′56″W / 53.38064°N 1.48225°W / 53.38064; -1.48225 (36 AND 38, VICTORIA STREET)	Victoria Street		About 1830		II
105–125 Devonshire Street 53°22′46″N 1°28′36″W / 53.37937°N 1.47675°W / 53.37937; -1.47675 (105-125, DEVONSHIRE STREET)	Devonshire Street		About 1840		II
34 Gell Street 53°22′51″N 1°29′00″W / 53.38092°N 1.48323°W / 53.38092; -1.48323 (ANNEX TO JESSOP HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN)	Gell Street		About 1840		II
94 Gell Street 53°22′44″N 1°29′00″W / 53.37889°N 1.48321°W / 53.37889; -1.48321 (94, GELL STREET)	Gell Street		About 1840		II
Well Meadow Street Crucible Furnace and Workshops 53°23′07″N 1°28′49″W / 53.38541°N 1.48039°W / 53.38541; -1.48039 (WORKSHOP RANGES AND CRUCIBLE FURNACE ATTACHED TO NUMBER 35)	Well Meadow Street		About 1840		II*
Aizlewood's Mill 53°23′18″N 1°27′57″W / 53.38847°N 1.46586°W / 53.38847; -1.46586 (AIZLEWOODS MILL)	Nursery Street		1847	Designed by William Flockton	II
Boundary Marker near Bridgehouses Tunnel 53°23′23″N 1°27′50″W / 53.38965°N 1.46401°W / 53.38965; -1.46401 (BOUNDARY MARK 20 METRES WEST OF WEST PORTAL TO BRIDGEHOUSES RAILWAY TUNNEL)	N/A		About 1847		II
Bridgehouses Tunnel West Portal 53°23′22″N 1°27′49″W / 53.38958°N 1.46373°W / 53.38958; -1.46373 (WEST PORTAL TO BRIDGEHOUSES RAILWAY TUNNEL)	N/A		1847	Designed by Frederick Swanwick	II
Bardwell Road Railway Bridge 53°23′43″N 1°28′42″W / 53.39519°N 1.47829°W / 53.39519; -1.47829 (RAILWAY BRIDGE)	Bardwell Road		About 1848	Designed by John Fowler	II
New Testament Church of God 53°23′17″N 1°27′57″W / 53.38802°N 1.46576°W / 53.38802; -1.46576 (NEW TESTAMENT CHURCH OF GOD AND ATTACHED BOUNDARY WALL)	Nursery Street		1848	Designed by William Flockton	II
Wicker Arches 53°23′18″N 1°27′40″W / 53.38830°N 1.46102°W / 53.38830; -1.46102 (Wicker Arch and adjoining viaduct and buildings)	Wicker		1848	Designed by John Fowler	II*
Brooklyn Works 53°23′24″N 1°28′32″W / 53.38996°N 1.47553°W / 53.38996; -1.47553 (BROOKLYN WORKS)	Green Lane		Mid 19th century		II
Christ Church, Pitsmoor 53°23′48″N 1°28′03″W / 53.39680°N 1.46738°W / 53.39680; -1.46738 (CHRIST CHURCH)	Pitsmoor Road		1850	Designed by Flockton and Son	II
Cornish Works 53°23′24″N 1°28′39″W / 53.39005°N 1.47763°W / 53.39005; -1.47763 (CORNISH WORKS)	Cornish Street		Mid 19th century		II
Don Cutlery Works 53°23′15″N 1°28′37″W / 53.38744°N 1.47682°W / 53.38744; -1.47682 (DON CUTLERY WORKS)	Doncaster Street		Mid 19th century		II
Fat Cat 53°23′19″N 1°28′18″W / 53.38857°N 1.47178°W / 53.38857; -1.47178 (THE FAT CAT)	Alma Street		Mid 19th century		II
2 & 3 Hanover Square 53°22′33″N 1°28′57″W / 53.37579°N 1.48251°W / 53.37579; -1.48251 (NUMBERS 2 AND 3 AND ATTACHED BOUNDARY WALL AND RAILINGS)	Hanover Square		About 1850		II
4 & 5 Hanover Square 53°22′32″N 1°28′56″W / 53.37561°N 1.48232°W / 53.37561; -1.48232 (NUMBERS 4 AND 5 AND ATTACHED BOUNDARY WALL)	Hanover Square		About 1850		II
6 & 7 Hanover Square 53°22′32″N 1°28′55″W / 53.37545°N 1.48208°W / 53.37545; -1.48208 (NUMBERS 6 AND 7 AND ATTACHED BOUNDARY WALL)	Hanover Square		About 1850		II
8 & 9 Hanover Square 53°22′31″N 1°28′55″W / 53.37527°N 1.48187°W / 53.37527; -1.48187 (NUMBERS 8 AND 9 AND ATTACHED BOUNDARY WALL)	Hanover Square		About 1850		II
10–16 Hanover Square 53°22′31″N 1°28′57″W / 53.37523°N 1.48255°W / 53.37523; -1.48255 (NUMBER 10 TO 16 AND ATTACHED BOUNDARY WALL)	Hanover Square		About 1850		II
Kutrite Works 53°23′12″N 1°28′28″W / 53.38668°N 1.47432°W / 53.38668; -1.47432 (KUTRITE WORKS)	Snow Lane		Mid 19th century		II
Old Police Station 53°23′05″N 1°27′54″W / 53.38463°N 1.46510°W / 53.38463; -1.46510 (THE OLD POLICE STATION)	Castle Green		Mid 19th century		II
Sandbed Weir 53°23′52″N 1°29′12″W / 53.39771°N 1.48677°W / 53.39771; -1.48677 (SANDBED WEIR)	N/A		Mid 19th century		II
Taylor's Ceylon Works 53°22′35″N 1°28′43″W / 53.37651°N 1.47849°W / 53.37651; -1.47849 (TAYLORS CEYLON WORKS)	Thomas Street		About 1850		II
80 & 82 Upper Hanover Street 53°22′44″N 1°29′04″W / 53.37895°N 1.48446°W / 53.37895; -1.48446 (80 AND 82, UPPER HANOVER STREET)	Upper Hanover Street		About 1850		II
40 Victoria Street 53°22′49″N 1°28′56″W / 53.38037°N 1.48235°W / 53.38037; -1.48235 (40, VICTORIA STREET)	Victoria Street		About 1850		II
Wharncliffe Works 53°23′24″N 1°28′38″W / 53.38987°N 1.47712°W / 53.38987; -1.47712 (WHARNCLIFFE WORKS)	Green Lane		Mid 19th century		II
Taylor's Eye Witness Works 53°22′34″N 1°28′43″W / 53.37614°N 1.47849°W / 53.37614; -1.47849 (TAYLORS EYE WITNESS WORKS)	Milton Street		1852		II
Sadacca 53°23′12″N 1°27′45″W / 53.38654°N 1.46244°W / 53.38654; -1.46244 (SADACCA SOCIAL CENTRE)	Wicker		1853		II
Rutland Road Bridge 53°23′33″N 1°28′41″W / 53.39255°N 1.47807°W / 53.39255; -1.47807 (RUTLAND ROAD BRIDGE)	Rutland Road		1854		II
60 Malinda Street 53°23′17″N 1°28′44″W / 53.38817°N 1.47875°W / 53.38817; -1.47875 (60, MALINDA STREET)	Malinda Street		About 1855		II
30 Mowbray Street 53°23′28″N 1°28′22″W / 53.39102°N 1.47282°W / 53.39102; -1.47282 (30, MOWBRAY STREET)	Mowbray Street		1850s		II
Ball Street Bridge 53°23′25″N 1°28′33″W / 53.39036°N 1.47581°W / 53.39036; -1.47581 (BALL STREET BRIDGE)	Ball Street		About 1856		II
Borough Bridge 53°23′20″N 1°28′06″W / 53.38898°N 1.46837°W / 53.38898; -1.46837 (BOROUGH BRIDGE)	Corporation Street		1856		II
St Andrew 53°22′43″N 1°29′04″W / 53.37874°N 1.48458°W / 53.37874; -1.48458 (CHURCH OF ST ANDREW)	Upper Hanover Street		1856	Designed by Flockton & Son	II
St Stephen 53°23′10″N 1°29′08″W / 53.38606°N 1.48559°W / 53.38606; -1.48559 (CHURCH OF ST STEPHEN)	Fawcett Street		1857	Designed by Flockton and Sons	II
Beehive Works 53°22′32″N 1°28′46″W / 53.37569°N 1.47935°W / 53.37569; -1.47935 (BEEHIVE WORKS)	Milton Street		About 1860		II*
Burngreave Cemetery North East Lodge 53°24′04″N 1°27′24″W / 53.40111°N 1.45671°W / 53.40111; -1.45671 (LODGE AT NORTH EAST ENTRANCE TO BUNGREAVE CEMETERY)	Melrose Road		About 1860		II
Green Lane Works Gateway 53°23′22″N 1°28′29″W / 53.38941°N 1.47483°W / 53.38941; -1.47483 (ENTRANCE GATEWAY TO GREEN LANE WORKS)	Green Lane		1860	Designed by Alfred Stevens	II*
Kelham Island Museum Russell Works 53°23′23″N 1°28′23″W / 53.38964°N 1.47312°W / 53.38964; -1.47312 (FORMER RUSSELL WORKS, (NOW PART OF KELHAM ISLAND INDUSTRIAL MUSEUM))	Kelham Island		About 1860		II
Kingston Works 53°23′18″N 1°28′46″W / 53.38836°N 1.47958°W / 53.38836; -1.47958 (KINGSTON WORKS)	Malinda Street		About 1860		II
54 Well Meadow Street and Crucible Furnace 53°23′09″N 1°28′50″W / 53.38573°N 1.48057°W / 53.38573; -1.48057 (WORKSHOP RANGES, INCLUDING CRUCIBLE FURNACE ATTCHED TO NUMBER 54)	Well Meadow Street		About 1860		II
Burngreave Cemetery Chapels 53°23′51″N 1°27′41″W / 53.39760°N 1.46148°W / 53.39760; -1.46148 (CEMETERY CHAPELS AT BURNGREAVE CEMETERY)	Melrose Road		1861	Designed by Flockton and Lee	II
Burngreave Cemetery Lodges, Railing and Gate Piers 53°23′49″N 1°27′41″W / 53.39689°N 1.46148°W / 53.39689; -1.46148 (LODGES, RAILINGS AND GATE PIERS AT BURNGREAVE CEMETERY)	Melrose Road		1861	Designed by Flockton and Lee	II
Seventh Day Adventist Church 53°23′36″N 1°27′50″W / 53.39321°N 1.46382°W / 53.39321; -1.46382 (SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH ADJOINING SCHOOL AND BOUNDARY WALL)	Andover Street		1862	Designed by William Hill	II
Burngreave Vestry Offices 53°23′36″N 1°27′30″W / 53.39331°N 1.45845°W / 53.39331; -1.45845 (VESTRY OFFICES AND ATTACHED RAILINGS AND GATES)	Burngreave Road		1864		II
94, 96 and 100 Milton Street 53°22′32″N 1°28′47″W / 53.37544°N 1.47963°W / 53.37544; -1.47963 (NOS. 94, 96 AND 100, MILTON STREET)	Milton Street		1860s		II
Bath Hotel 53°22′45″N 1°28′56″W / 53.37919°N 1.48226°W / 53.37919; -1.48226 (BATH HOTEL)	Victoria Street		About 1868		II
William Brothers Crucible Furnace 53°23′20″N 1°28′29″W / 53.38888°N 1.47464°W / 53.38888; -1.47464 (CRUCIBLE WORKSHOP AT FORMER WILLIAMS BROTHERS)	Green Lane		1868		II
St Silas 53°22′33″N 1°28′59″W / 53.37570°N 1.48305°W / 53.37570; -1.48305 (CHURCH OF ST SILAS)	Broomhall Street		1869	Designed by John Brightmore Mitchell-Withers	II
Spital Hill Works 53°23′23″N 1°27′37″W / 53.38977°N 1.46028°W / 53.38977; -1.46028 (SPITAL HILL WORKS)	Spital Hill		About 1870		II
Netherthorpe Junior School 53°23′10″N 1°28′52″W / 53.38617°N 1.48121°W / 53.38617; -1.48121 (NETHERTHORPE JUNIOR SCHOOL AND ADJOINING CARETAKERS HOUSE AND WALLS)	Netherthorpe Street		1873	Designed by Innocent and Brown	II
Doncaster Street Cementation Furnace 53°23′14″N 1°28′39″W / 53.38733°N 1.47751°W / 53.38733; -1.47751 (CEMENTATION FURNACE)	Doncaster Street		Late 19th century	Also a Scheduled Ancient Monument	II
Pye Bank School and Caretakers House 53°23′39″N 1°28′04″W / 53.39404°N 1.46778°W / 53.39404; -1.46778 (PYE BANK SCHOOL WITH CARETAKERS HOUSE AND BOUNDARY WALL)	Andover Street		1875	Designed by Innocent and Brown	II
Sewer Gas Lamp 53°22′48″N 1°28′43″W / 53.38005°N 1.47850°W / 53.38005; -1.47850 (SEWER GAS LAMP AT JUNCTION WITH WESTHILL LANE)	Broomhall Street		Late 19th century	At junction with Westhill Lane	II
Sewer Gas Lamp 53°22′53″N 1°28′56″W / 53.38126°N 1.48217°W / 53.38126; -1.48217 (SEWER GAS LAMP OPPOSITE JUNCTION WITH VICTORIA STREET)	Leavy Greave Road		Late 19th century	At junction with Victoria Street	II
Springfield School 53°22′41″N 1°28′52″W / 53.37817°N 1.48098°W / 53.37817; -1.48098 (SPRINGFIELD JUNIOR AND INFANT SCHOOLS)	Cavendish Street		1875	Designed by Innocent & Brown	II
Springfield School Wall and Railing 53°22′41″N 1°28′49″W / 53.37802°N 1.48038°W / 53.37802; -1.48038 (BOUNDARY WALLS AND RAILING TO SPRINGFIELD JUNIOR AND INFANT SCHOOLS)	Cavendish Street		1875	Designed by Innocent & Brown	II
Springfield School Caretaker's House 53°22′41″N 1°28′52″W / 53.37801°N 1.48101°W / 53.37801; -1.48101 (CARETAKERS HOUSE TO SPRINGFIELD JUNIOR AND INFANT SCHOOL)	Cavendish Street		About 1877	Designed by Innocent & Brown	II
Jessop Hospital for Women 53°22′53″N 1°28′57″W / 53.38131°N 1.48249°W / 53.38131; -1.48249 (JESSOP HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN)	Leavygreave Road		1878	Designed by John Dodsley Webster	II
Bartolome House Central Block 53°23′03″N 1°29′20″W / 53.38420°N 1.48877°W / 53.38420; -1.48877 (CENTRAL BLOCK AT ST GEORGES HOSPITAL)	Winter Street		1882	Designed by S. L. Swann	II
Bartolome House Lodge and Walls 53°23′01″N 1°29′21″W / 53.38374°N 1.48925°W / 53.38374; -1.48925 (LODGE AND ADJOINING BOUNDARY WALLS AT ST GEORGES HOSPITAL)	Winter Street		1882	Designed by S. L. Swann	II
Bartolome House North West Range 53°23′02″N 1°29′22″W / 53.38396°N 1.48952°W / 53.38396; -1.48952 (NORTH WEST WARD RANGE AT ST GEORGES HOSPITAL)	Winter Street		1882	Designed by S. L. Swann	II
Bartolome House South East Range 53°23′02″N 1°29′20″W / 53.38377°N 1.48895°W / 53.38377; -1.48895 (SOUTH EAST WARD RANGE AT ST GEORGES HOSPITAL)	Winter Street		1882	Designed by S. L. Swann	II
Church of the Nazarene 53°22′51″N 1°28′57″W / 53.38078°N 1.48239°W / 53.38078; -1.48239 (CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE AND ADJOINING BOUNDARY WALL AND RAILING)	Victoria Street		About 1885		II
Hillfoot Bridge 53°23′44″N 1°29′12″W / 53.39554°N 1.48662°W / 53.39554; -1.48662 (HILLFOOT BRIDGE)	Neepsend Lane		1885		II
Wharncliffe Fireclay Works 53°22′46″N 1°28′43″W / 53.37957°N 1.47852°W / 53.37957; -1.47852 (FORMER WHARNCLIFFE FIRECLAY WORKS AND ADJONING SHOWROOM)	Broomhall Street		1888		II
122 Wicker 53°23′16″N 1°27′40″W / 53.38786°N 1.46107°W / 53.38786; -1.46107 (NATIONAL WESTMINSTER BANK)	Wicker		1894		II
85–93 Wicker 53°23′17″N 1°27′43″W / 53.38799°N 1.46206°W / 53.38799; -1.46206 (85-93, WICKER)	Wicker		About 1895		II
Fire and Police Museum 53°23′08″N 1°28′15″W / 53.38548°N 1.47097°W / 53.38548; -1.47097 (WEST BAR FIRE STATION MUSEUM)	West Bar		1900	Designed by John Norton	II
Royal Exchange Buildings and Castle House 53°23′09″N 1°27′50″W / 53.38578°N 1.46383°W / 53.38578; -1.46383 (ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS AND ADJOINING CASTLE HOUSE)	Lady's Bridge		1900	Designed by John Henry Bryars	II
Royal Victoria Buildings 53°23′09″N 1°27′51″W / 53.38582°N 1.46420°W / 53.38582; -1.46420 (ROYAL VICTORIA BUILDINGS)	Lady's Bridge		1900	Designed by John Henry Bryars	II
Burngreave Cemetery War Memorial 53°24′01″N 1°27′25″W / 53.40021°N 1.45692°W / 53.40021; -1.45692 (WAR MEMORIAL 400 METRES NORTH EAST OF CHAPEL AT BURNGREAVE CEMETERY)	Melrose Road		About 1920	Designed by Reginald Blomfield	II
Burngreave Cemetery War Memorial Cross 53°24′01″N 1°27′25″W / 53.40019°N 1.45693°W / 53.40019; -1.45693 (WAR MEMORIAL CROSS 400 METRES NORTH EAST OF CHAPEL AT BURNGREAVE CEMETERY)	Melrose Road		About 1920	Designed by Reginald Blomfield	II
Insignia Works 53°23′34″N 1°28′44″W / 53.39266°N 1.47883°W / 53.39266; -1.47883 (INSIGNIA WORKS)	Rutland Road		1920	Designed by William John Hale	II
St Stephen's Church War Memorial 53°23′10″N 1°29′09″W / 53.38621°N 1.48581°W / 53.38621; -1.48581 (War Memorial in St Stephen's Churchyard)	Fawcett Street		1920		II
Club Mill Road Crucible Steel Furnace 53°24′06″N 1°29′10″W / 53.40175°N 1.48598°W / 53.40175; -1.48598 (THE CRUCIBLE STEEL FURNACE)	Club Mill Road		Early 20th century		II
K6 telephone box 53°23′01″N 1°29′19″W / 53.38351°N 1.48862°W / 53.38351; -1.48862 (TELEPHONE KIOSK 75 METRES TO RIGHT OF LODGE AT ST GEORGES HOSPITAL)	Winter Street		Designed 1935		II
Castle House 53°23′02″N 1°27′55″W / 53.38399°N 1.46526°W / 53.38399; -1.46526 (CASTLE HOUSE (CO-OP STORE))	Angel Street		1964	Designed by George S. Hay	II
Moore Street electricity substation 53°22′29″N 1°28′43″W / 53.37472°N 1.47858°W / 53.37472; -1.47858 (Moore Street Electricity Substation)	Moore Street		1968	Designed by Jefferson, Sheard and Partners	II

References

• [1] – A list of all the listed buildings within Sheffield City Council's boundary is available to download from this page.

Sources

This page was last edited on 3 January 2024, at 03:03