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Enakalle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Enakalle
๐’‚—๐’€‰๐’†—๐’‡ท
King of Umma
Stone tablet for the dedication of a temple, inscribed by Il, king of Umma, c. 2400 BC, and mentioning his father Eandamu, and his grandfather King Enakalle. Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago
Reignc. 2500 ย BCย โ€“ 2400 ย BC
PredecessorUsh
SuccessorUr-Lumma (son)
Dynasty1st Dynasty of Umma

Enakalle or Enakalli (Sumerian: ๐’‚—๐’€‰๐’†—๐’‡ท) was the king of Umma circa 2500โ€“2400 BC, a Sumerian city-state, during the Early Dynastic III period (2600โ€“2350 BC). His reign lasted at least 8 years.[1]

Enakalle in the cone of Entemena

His predecessor Ush, ruler of Umma, attacked nearby Lagash after ripping out the stele of Mesilim, trying to take Gu-Edin, as recording in the Cone of Entemena.[2][3] Ush was severely defeated by Eannatum of Lagash, in a battle recorded in the Stele of the Vultures, losing 3,600 men in battle. Ush was then toppled and put to death by his own people.[4]

Enakalle, his successor, finally made a peace treaty with Eannatum of Lagash, as described in the Cone of Entemena:[2][3][4]

32โ€“38

๐’‚๐’€ญ๐’ˆพ๐’บ ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’†  ๐’‰บ๐’„‘๐’‰‹๐’‚ต ๐’‚—๐’‹ผ๐’ˆจ๐’ˆพ ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’† ๐’…—๐’†ค
e2-an-na-tum2 ensi2 lagaลกki pa-bil3-ga en-mete-na ensi2 lagaลกki-ka-ke4
"Eannatum, ruler of Lagash, uncle of Entemena, ruler of Lagaลก"
39โ€“42
๐’‚—๐’€‰๐’†—๐’‡ท ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’„‘๐’†ต๐’† ๐’• ๐’†  ๐’‚Š๐’•๐’‹ฉ
en-a2-kal-le ensi2 ummaki-da ki e-da-sur
"fixed the border with Enakalle, ruler of Umma"
Extract from the Cone of Enmetena, Room 236 Reference AO 3004, Louvre Museum.[5][6]

Il was king of Umma, circa 2400 BCE.

Enakalle in inscriptions

Ur-Lumma was the son of Enakalle, and his successor. He challenged Enannatum I, but was defeated by his successor Enmetena.[7][8]

  • Inscription with the name of Enakalle, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform.
    Inscription with the name of Enakalle, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform.
  • Dedication tablet by Ur-Lumma: "For Enki-gal, Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, son of Enakalle, king of Umma, built (his) temple".[9]
    Dedication tablet by Ur-Lumma: "For Enki-gal, Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, son of Enakalle, king of Umma, built (his) temple".[9]
  • Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnum of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.[10][11]
    Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnum of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.[10][11]
  • "Enakalle" on the plate of queen Bara-irnun
    "Enakalle" on the plate of queen Bara-irnun

References

  1. ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). Arcane III (PDF). BREPOLS. p.ย 75.
  2. ^ a b King 1994, pp.ย 126โ€“128.
  3. ^ a b King & Hall 2006, pp.ย 171โ€“173.
  4. ^ a b Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp.ย 74โ€“76. ISBNย 978-2-503-53494-7.
  5. ^ "Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash". 2020.
  6. ^ "CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  7. ^ Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). A History of the Ancient Near East: Ca. 3000-323 BC. Wiley. pp.ย 50โ€“51. ISBNย 9780631225522.
  8. ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp.ย 74โ€“80. ISBNย 978-2-503-53494-7.
  9. ^ "Louvre Museum Official Website". cartelen.louvre.fr.
  10. ^ Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p.ย 78. ISBNย 978-1-58839-043-1.
  11. ^ Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins. Getty Publications. p.ย 108. ISBNย 978-1-60606-649-2.

Sources

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This page was last edited on 29 May 2024, at 13:28
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