Racism against Asians

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In the Western world or in non-Asian countries, terms such as "racism against Asians" or "anti-Asian racism" are typically used in reference to racist policies, discrimination against, and mistreatment of Asian people and Asian immigrants by institutions and/or non-Asian people.^[1][2]

Overview

The concept of 'racism against Asians' is most common in communities or countries where the ethnic or racial majority is non-Asian, or it is most common in communities or countries where the national character is Western. The concept is most frequently employed in reference to Anti-Asian phenomena which exist in countries which are located outside the Asian continent, such as countries which are located in Africa, Europe, North America and South America.

Countries

Australia

• White Australia policy

Canada

• Chinese head tax in Canada
• Chinese Immigration Act, 1885
• Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration
• Internment of Japanese Canadians
• Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
• 1886 Vancouver anti-Chinese riots
• Anti-Oriental riots (Vancouver)
• Chinese Immigration Act, 1923

Uganda

• Expulsion of Asians from Uganda

United States

• Nativism in United States politics#Asian targets
• Racism against Asian Americans, covers the history of anti-Asian racism in the United States
• Affirmative action
• Xenophobia in the United States#Asian targets
  • Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States
    • Anti-Chinese legislation in the United States
    • Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871
    • San Francisco riot of 1877
    • Destruction of Chinatown, Denver
    • Tacoma riot of 1885
    • Seattle riot of 1886
    • Chinese Massacre Cove, the site of the Hells Canyon Massacre which was committed in May 1887
    • Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
    • Rock Springs massacre
    • Chinese Exclusion Act
  • Immigration Act of 1917
  • Immigration Act of 1924
  • Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States
    • Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
    • California Alien Land Law of 1913
    • Internment of Japanese Americans
• Asian American activism
  • Stop Asian Hate, a 2021 movement in the United States

Against East and Southeast Asians

• Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States
• Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States
• Interminority racism in the United States (by African Americans against Asian Americans)

France

• Anti-Asian racism in France

Racist incidences or perceptions

Racist incidences or perceptions, especially towards East or Southeast Asians, may include:

• Emasculation of Asian men against fetishizations and hypersexualisation of Asian women (yellow fever).^{[3][4][5][6][7][8]}
  • Which causes inferiority complex and internalized racism.^[9][10]
  • Reinforced by dangerous racial science of supposed "mongoloid race" (outdated), such as lacking of sexual dimorphism between Asian men and Asian women,^[11] as well as dealing with the aftershocks of the history of European colonisation of Southeast Asia and "white worship".^[12][13]
• The model minority myth fails to account for the bamboo ceiling, the difficult circumstances of poorer Asians, and their marginalization and stereotyping in the media.^{[14][15][16][17]}
  • Contradictorily being used to justify white supremacy through modes of "honorary Aryan" or "honorary whiteness" racial concepts.^[18][19]
  • Being used to justify racism against Black people via the model minority myth.^[20]
• Are stereotyped as cold, anti-social, robotic.^[21]
• Discrimination based on perceived foreignness or accent.^[22]
  • Being seen as a perpetual foreigner.
• Being linked to diseases such as coronavirus (see Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic).^[23][24]
• Othered into being seen as "yellow" or being seen as the "yellow peril".^[25][26]
• Generalizing East Asians as monolithic^[27] and being ignorant of the multicultural populations of Southeast Asia, such as the existence of Melanesians in Southeast Asia, etc.

On the other hand, discrimination against South Asians and/or Middle Easterners includes:

• Being seen as terrorists^[28][29][30]
• Othered into being seen as "brown", a categorization which was extended to Southeast Asians.^[31]

There has been an increase in the amount of psychological or mental distress which has been caused by the aforementioned factors.^[32][33][34] Myopic depictions of Asian cultures continues to be a problem.^[35]

Additionally, racism in Asia (racist attitudes which Asians have towards each other as well as racist attitudes which Asians have towards non-Asians) is also impacted by differences in nationality as well as regional differences.

See also

References

This page was last edited on 4 April 2024, at 19:55