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All 60 seats to Colchester Borough Council 31 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 30.9% (1.2%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 2002 Colchester Borough Council election took place on 2 May 2002 to elect members of Colchester Borough Council in Essex, England. This was the same day as the other 2002 local elections in the United Kingdom.
Due to boundary changes, every seat was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control.[1][2]
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Transcription
# The (Secret) City of London -- Part 1 The Great City of London, known for its historical landmarks, modern skyscrapers, ancient markets and famous bridges. It's arguably the financial capital of the world and home to over eleven *thousand* people. Wait, what? Eleven... thousand? That's right: but the City of London is a different place from London -- though London is also known for its historical landmarks, modern skyscrapers, ancient markets, famous bridges and is home to the government, royal family and seven million people. But, if you look map of London crafted by a careful cartographer that map will have a one-square mile hole near the middle -- it's here where the City of London lives inside of the city named London. Despite these confusingly close names the two Londons have separate city halls and elect separate mayors, who collect separate taxes to fund separate police who enforce separate laws. The Mayor of the City of London has a fancy title 'The Right Honourable the Lord Mayor of London' to match his fancy outfit. He also gets to ride in a golden carriage and work in a Guildhall while the mayor of London has to wear a suit, ride a bike and work in an office building. The City of London also has its own flag and its own crest which is awesome and makes London's lack of either twice as sad. To top it off the City of London gets to act more like one of the countries in the UK than just an oddly located city -- for uniquely the corporation that runs the city of London is older than the United Kingdom by several hundred years. So how did the UK end up with two Londons, one inside of the other? Because: Romans. 2,000 years ago they came to Great Britain, killed a bunch of druids, and founded a trading post on the River Thames and named it Londonimium. Being Romans they got to work doing what Romans do: enforcing laws, increasing trade, building temples, public baths, roads, bridges and a wall to defend their work. And it's this wall which is why the current City of London exists -- for though the Romans came and the Romans went and kingdoms rose and kingdoms fell, the wall endured protecting the city within. And The City, governing itself and trading with the world, grew rich. A thousand years after the Romans (yet still a thousand years ago) when William the Conqueror came to Great Britain to conqueror everything and begin modern british history he found the City of London, with its sturdy walls more challenging to defeat than farmers on open fields. So he agreed to recognize the rights and privileges City of Londoners were used to in return for the them recognizing him as the new King. Though after the negotiation, William quickly built towers around the City of London which were just as much about protecting William from the locals within as defending against the Vikings from without. This started a thousand-year long tradition whereby Monarchs always reconfirmed that 'yes' the City of London is a special, unique place best left to its own business, while simultaneously distrusting it. Many a monarch thought the City of London was too powerful and rich. And one even built a new Capital city nearby, named Westminster, to compete with the City of London and hopefully, suck power and wealth away from it. This was the start of the second London. As the centuries passed, Westminster grew and merged with nearby towns eventually surrounding the walled-in, and still separate City of London. But, people began to call the whole urban collection 'London' and the name became official when Parliament joined towns together under a single municipal government with a mayor. But, the mayor of London still doesn't have power over the tiny City of London which has rules and traditions like nowhere else in the country and possibly the world. For example, the ruling monarch doesn't just enter the City of London on a whim, but instead asks for permission from the Lord Mayor at a ceremony. While it's not required by law, the ceremony is, unusual to say the least. The City of London also has a representative in Parliament, The Remembrancer, whose job it is to protects the City's special rights. Because of this, laws passed by Parliament sometimes don't apply to the City of London: most notably voting reforms, which we'll discuss next time. But if you're curious, unlike anywhere else in the UK elections in the City of London involve Medieval Guilds and modern companies. Finally, the City of London also owns and operates land and buildings far outside its border, making it quite wealthy. Once you start looking for The City's Crest you'll find it in lots of places, but most notably on Tower Bridge which, while being in London is operated by City of London, These crests everywhere when combined with the City of London's age and wealth and quazi-independent status make it an irresistible temptation for conspiracy nuts. Add in the oldest Masonic temple and it's not long before the crazy part of the Internet yelling about secret societies controlling the world via the finance industry from inside the City-state of London. (And don't forget the reptilian alien Queen who's really behind it all.) But conspiracy theories aside, the City of London is not an independent nation like the Vatican is, no matter how much you might read it on the Internet, rather it's a unique place in the United Kingdom with a long and complicated history. The wall that began all this 2,000 years ago is now mostly gone -- so the border between London and its secret inner city isn't so obvious. Though, next time you're in London, if you come across a small dragon on the street, he still guards the entrance to the city in a city in a country in a country.
Summary
Both the Liberal Democrats and Conservatives gained seats to move to 26 and 24 seats respectively.[3] This was at the expense of the Labour party who lost 9 seats to only have 6 councillors.[3]
In total there were 24 new councillors elected, with a number of sitting councillors being defeated, including the leader of the Liberal Democrats on the council, Bill Frame.[4] Frame had previously represented St Mary's ward, but contested Shrub End at the election and failed to be elected.[3] Colin Sykes returned as the leader of the Liberal Democrat group after winning election, 2 years after having lost his seat on the council.[5]
Candidates by party
Election result
Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | 26 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 43.3 | 36.4 | 29,899 | +3.3 | |
Conservative | 24 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 40.0 | 39.5 | 32,459 | +0.7 | |
Labour | 6 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 10.0 | 19.1 | 15,669 | –5.0 | |
Independent | 4 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 6.7 | 3.7 | 3,078 | +2.1 | |
Green | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 970 | N/A | ||
Socialist Alliance | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 106 | N/A | ||
Tiptree Residents | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | –2.4 |
Ward results
Shown below are ward results according to the council's election results archive.[6][7]
Berechurch
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Terence Sutton* | 913 | 49.9 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Craig Sutton | 900 | 49.2 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Susan Brooks | 875 | 47.8 | ||
Labour | Dave Harris | 661 | 36.1 | ||
Labour | Paul Bishop | 613 | 33.5 | ||
Labour | Christopher Pearson | 592 | 32.3 | ||
Conservative | Elizabeth Lee | 249 | 13.6 | ||
Conservative | Peter Burgoyne | 239 | 13.1 | ||
Conservative | Patricia Conville | 234 | 12.8 | ||
Turnout | 1,830 | 31.0 | |||
Registered electors | 5,877 | ||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats gain from Labour |
Birch and Winstree
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Kevin Bentley | 1,117 | 69.6 | ||
Conservative | Peter Crowe* | 1,046 | 65.2 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Sharon Coveney | 364 | 22.7 | ||
Labour | Derek Jones | 311 | 19.4 | ||
Turnout | 1,605 | 39.0 | |||
Registered electors | 4,107 | ||||
Conservative win (new seat) | |||||
Conservative win (new seat) |
Castle
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Christopher Hall* | 1,068 | 58.7 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Henry Spyvee* | 1,044 | 57.4 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Kenneth Jones* | 984 | 54.1 | ||
Conservative | Lynne Dingemans | 369 | 20.3 | ||
Conservative | Alison Baxter | 357 | 19.6 | ||
Conservative | Andrew Baxter | 357 | 19.6 | ||
Labour | Lisa Laybourne | 268 | 14.7 | ||
Labour | Hugh Thomas | 254 | 14.0 | ||
Labour | Julia Thomas | 253 | 13.9 | ||
Green | Peter Lynn | 190 | 10.4 | ||
Green | Andrew Senter | 128 | 7.0 | ||
Turnout | 1,820 | 32.0 | |||
Registered electors | 5,675 | ||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold |
Christ Church
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Nicholas Cope* | 559 | 46.9 | ||
Conservative | Roger Buston* | 545 | 42.6 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Martin Hunt | 530 | 41.5 | ||
Conservative | Anthony Hauton | 488 | 38.2 | ||
Labour | Maureen Lee | 231 | 18.1 | ||
Turnout | 1,278 | 40.0 | |||
Registered electors | 3,191 | ||||
Liberal Democrats win (new seat) | |||||
Conservative win (new seat) |
Copford & West Stanway
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Elizabeth Blundell* | 384 | 75.2 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Sally Scott | 125 | 24.5 | ||
Majority | 259 | 50.7 | |||
Turnout | 511 | 35.0 | |||
Registered electors | 1,472 | ||||
Conservative win (new seat) |
Dedham & Langham
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | John Garnett* | 757 | 73.7 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Carolyn West | 197 | 19.2 | ||
Labour | Geraldine Harris | 73 | 7.1 | ||
Majority | 560 | 54.5 | |||
Turnout | 1,029 | 45.0 | |||
Registered electors | 2,305 | ||||
Conservative win (new seat) |
East Donyland
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Andrew Raison | 286 | 43.2 | +9.7 | |
Conservative | Patricia Sanderson* | 246 | 37.2 | -6.2 | |
Liberal Democrats | Barry Woodward | 130 | 19.6 | -3.5 | |
Majority | 40 | 6.0 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 662 | 36.0 | -6.0 | ||
Registered electors | 1,860 | ||||
Labour gain from Conservative | Swing | 8.0 |
Fordham & Stour
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Christopher Arnold* | 960 | 71.7 | ||
Conservative | Nigel Chapman* | 917 | 68.5 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Alexander Scott | 341 | 25.5 | ||
Labour | Thomas Prosser | 248 | 18.5 | ||
Turnout | 1,338 | 33.0 | |||
Registered electors | 4,002 | ||||
Conservative win (new seat) | |||||
Conservative win (new seat) |
Great Tey
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Peter Chillingworth | 566 | 65.7 | +20.0 | |
Liberal Democrats | Andrew Phillips* | 295 | 34.3 | -11.5 | |
Majority | 271 | 31.5 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 862 | 40.0 | -4.7 | ||
Registered electors | 2,172 | ||||
Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | 15.8 |
No Labour candidate as previous (8.5%).
Harbour
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Patricia Blandon* | 674 | 52.4 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Justin Knight | 548 | 42.6 | ||
Labour | David Canning* | 424 | 33.0 | ||
Labour | Jane Green | 392 | 30.5 | ||
Conservative | Michael Coyne | 184 | 14.3 | ||
Conservative | Sandra Rae | 165 | 12.8 | ||
Turnout | 1,286 | 29.0 | |||
Registered electors | 4,376 | ||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats gain from Labour |
Highwoods
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Gerard Oxford* | 665 | 58.6 | |
Liberal Democrats | Beverley Oxford* | 649 | 57.2 | |
Liberal Democrats | Ian Ringer | 560 | 49.3 | |
Conservative | Sarah McClean | 294 | 25.9 | |
Conservative | Alan Blundell | 293 | 25.8 | |
Conservative | Richard Stevenson | 278 | 24.5 | |
Labour | Edmund Chinnery | 228 | 20.1 | |
Labour | Michael Smith | 208 | 18.3 | |
Turnout | 1,135 | 20.0 | ||
Registered electors | 5,592 | |||
Liberal Democrats win (new seat) | ||||
Liberal Democrats win (new seat) | ||||
Liberal Democrats win (new seat) |
Lexden
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Sonia Lewis* | 1,258 | 66.2 | ||
Conservative | Donald Henshall* | 1,091 | 57.5 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Barbara Williamson | 688 | 36.2 | ||
Labour | Alan Trudgian | 239 | 12.6 | ||
Turnout | 1,889 | 44.0 | |||
Registered electors | 4,311 | ||||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative hold |
Marks Tey
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Richard Gower* | 405 | 64.7 | -0.7 | |
Labour | Edna Salmon | 125 | 20.0 | +0.4 | |
Liberal Democrats | Mark Gray | 96 | 15.3 | +0.2 | |
Majority | 280 | 44.7 | -1.1 | ||
Turnout | 627 | 31.0 | -2.0 | ||
Registered electors | 2,009 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | 0.6 |
Mile End
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Nicholas Taylor* | 599 | 45.8 | ||
Conservative | Matthew Eaton | 593 | 45.3 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Anne Turrell | 546 | 41.7 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Alan Hayman | 529 | 40.4 | ||
Conservative | Wendy Scattergood* | 526 | 40.2 | ||
Labour | Lucy Wood | 446 | 34.1 | ||
Independent | John Sutcliffe | 187 | 14.3 | ||
Turnout | 1,309 | 26.0 | |||
Registered electors | 5,108 | ||||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold |
New Town
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Theresa Higgins* | 970 | 60.7 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Peter Higgins | 948 | 59.3 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Margaret Fisher | 932 | 58.3 | ||
Labour | Jean Quinn | 465 | 29.1 | ||
Conservative | Colin Beattie | 267 | 16.7 | ||
Conservative | Glenn Bath | 260 | 16.3 | ||
Conservative | Angus Allan | 236 | 14.8 | ||
Turnout | 1,599 | 26.0 | |||
Registered electors | 6,079 | ||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold |
Prettygate
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Paul Sheppard* | 1,015 | 45.3 | ||
Liberal Democrats | John Gray* | 1,013 | 45.2 | ||
Conservative | Ron Levy | 996 | 44.5 | ||
Conservative | Peter Crafford* | 975 | 43.5 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Sandra Gray* | 974 | 43.5 | ||
Conservative | Michael Pearson | 940 | 42.0 | ||
Labour | Andrew Frost | 326 | 14.6 | ||
Turnout | 2,239 | 37.0 | |||
Registered electors | 6,009 | ||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Conservative hold |
Pyefleet
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Robert Davidson | 581 | 66.9 | +0.2 | |
Liberal Democrats | Wilma Sutton | 287 | 33.1 | +16.1 | |
Majority | 294 | 33.9 | -15.8 | ||
Turnout | 875 | 43.0 | +0.8 | ||
Registered electors | 2,012 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | 8.0 |
No Labour candidate as previous (16.3%).
St. Andrew's
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Julie Young* | 851 | 63.8 | ||
Labour | Don Quinn* | 818 | 61.4 | ||
Labour | Tim Young* | 808 | 60.6 | ||
Liberal Democrats | John Fellows | 323 | 24.2 | ||
Conservative | Anne Allan | 238 | 17.9 | ||
Conservative | Susan Burgoyne | 213 | 16.0 | ||
Conservative | Pauline Lucas | 203 | 15.2 | ||
Socialist Alliance | Jeremy Jepps | 106 | 8.0 | ||
Turnout | 1,333 | 20.0 | |||
Registered electors | 6,696 | ||||
Labour hold | |||||
Labour hold | |||||
Labour hold |
St. Anne's
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Mike Hogg* | 895 | 56.1 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Helen Chuah* | 824 | 51.7 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Barrie Cook | 785 | 49.2 | ||
Labour | Peter Brine | 425 | 26.7 | ||
Labour | David Jonas | 394 | 24.7 | ||
Labour | Paul Fryer-Kelsey | 385 | 24.2 | ||
Conservative | Brigitte Beard | 299 | 18.8 | ||
Conservative | Richard Lamberth | 272 | 17.1 | ||
Conservative | Allan Doran | 257 | 16.1 | ||
Turnout | 1,594 | 25.0 | |||
Registered electors | 6,488 | ||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats gain from Labour | |||||
Liberal Democrats gain from Labour |
St. John's
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Ray Gamble* | 1,030 | 69.5 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Paul Smith* | 919 | 62.0 | ||
Conservative | Derek Smith | 366 | 24.7 | ||
Conservative | Elizabeth Gorman | 308 | 20.8 | ||
Labour | Anna Trudgian | 123 | 8.3 | ||
Turnout | 1,482 | 36.0 | |||
Registered electors | 4,162 | ||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold |
Shrub End
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Winifred Foster | 593 | 36.9 | ||
Conservative | Amanda Arnold | 589 | 36.6 | ||
Conservative | Alan Scattergood | 561 | 34.9 | ||
Labour | Richard Bourne* | 553 | 34.4 | ||
Labour | Luke Dopson | 520 | 32.3 | ||
Labour | Kim Naish | 502 | 31.2 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Keith Hindle | 490 | 30.5 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Bill Frame* | 458 | 28.5 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Susan Waite | 452 | 28.1 | ||
Turnout | 1,608 | 25.0 | |||
Registered electors | 6,338 | ||||
Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats | |||||
Conservative gain from Labour | |||||
Conservative gain from Labour |
Stanway
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Colin Sykes | 1,137 | 56.0 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Gwendoline Ilott* | 1,099 | 54.2 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Leslie Scott-Boutell | 1,043 | 51.4 | ||
Conservative | Jane Collier | 730 | 36.0 | ||
Conservative | Jonathan Pyman* | 717 | 35.3 | ||
Conservative | Michael Segal | 670 | 33.0 | ||
Labour | Ian Yates | 261 | 12.9 | ||
Turnout | 2,029 | 34.0 | |||
Registered electors | 5,930 | ||||
Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold | |||||
Liberal Democrats hold |
Tiptree
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Tony Webb* | 757 | 44.8 | ||
Independent | John Elliott | 620 | 36.7 | ||
Independent | Anne Burgess | 617 | 36.5 | ||
Labour | Alan Mogridge* | 569 | 33.7 | ||
Labour | Audrey Spencer | 432 | 25.6 | ||
Conservative | Agnes Cannon | 398 | 23.6 | ||
Conservative | Margaret Crowe | 398 | 23.6 | ||
Conservative | John Reeves | 354 | 21.0 | ||
Independent | Helen Bunney | 330 | 19.5 | ||
Green | Stella Barnes | 183 | 10.8 | ||
Turnout | 1,689 | 29.0 | |||
Registered electors | 5,793 | ||||
Independent gain from Tiptree Residents | |||||
Independent gain from Labour | |||||
Independent gain from Labour |
West Bergholt & Eight Ash Green
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | David Cannon* | 757 | 60.7 | ||
Conservative | Jill Todd | 692 | 55.4 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Una Jones | 323 | 25.9 | ||
Labour | Gary Griffiths | 287 | 23.0 | ||
Green | John Withers | 238 | 19.1 | ||
Turnout | 1,248 | 33.0 | |||
Registered electors | 3,827 | ||||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative hold |
West Mersea
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | John Jowers* | 1,348 | 74.3 | ||
Conservative | John Bouckley* | 1,184 | 65.3 | ||
Conservative | Margaret Kimberley* | 1,136 | 62.6 | ||
Labour | Bry Mogridge | 430 | 23.7 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Ronald Baker | 389 | 21.4 | ||
Turnout | 1,814 | 31.0 | |||
Registered electors | 5,801 | ||||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative hold |
Wivenhoe Cross
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Philip Hawkins* | 369 | 56.1 | ||
Conservative | David Adams | 303 | 46.0 | ||
Conservative | Kenneth Rogers | 290 | 44.1 | ||
Labour | David Purdy | 184 | 28.0 | ||
Liberal Democrats | John Galpin | 167 | 25.4 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Patrick Mossop | 149 | 22.6 | ||
Turnout | 658 | 17.0 | |||
Registered electors | 3,986 | ||||
Labour win (new seat) | |||||
Conservative win (new seat) |
Wivenhoe Quay
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Bob Newman* | 592 | 40.7 | ||
Independent | Samuel Davies | 567 | 38.9 | ||
Labour | Stephen Ford | 523 | 35.9 | ||
Conservative | Eugene Kraft | 412 | 28.3 | ||
Conservative | Elizabeth Corke | 399 | 27.4 | ||
Green | Christopher Fox | 231 | 15.9 | ||
Turnout | 1,456 | 38.0 | |||
Registered electors | 3,825 | ||||
Labour win (new seat) | |||||
Independent win (new seat) |
References
- ^ a b "BBC News Vote 2002 Local Elections". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Local Elections in England: 2 May 2002" (PDF). House of Commons Library. 9 May 2002. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ a b c "Colchester : Labour suffer and Lib Dem leader goes". Essex County Publications. NewsBank. 3 May 2002.
- ^ "Colchester : Leader Bill's out of the Frame". Essex County Publications. NewsBank. 3 May 2002.
- ^ "Colchester : Lib Dems' leader returns recharged". Essex County Publications. NewsBank. 6 May 2002.
- ^ "Election Results". Colchester Borough Council. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
- ^ "Turnout". Colchester Borough Council. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.