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Brunelleschi, Pazzi Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence, completed 1460s
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Alberti, Palazzo Rucellai
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Francesco di Giorgio Martini (attributed), Architectural Veduta, c. 1490
Transcription
(piano music) Steven: One of the great Renaissance spaces is the Pazzi Chapel at Santa Croce, and we're sitting in it, and we're sitting on a bench that lines the wall, because this was originally used as a chapter house. Beth: Meaning a meeting room for the monks of Santa Croce. Steven: And so they would have sat right where we are sitting. Beth: Just off the cloister. Steven: Which is the traditional place for the chapter house. Beth: So we're really looking at something that is a true early-Renaissance work of architecture by Brunelleschi, although it was completed after his death, and we see all of those elements that we come to expect of Brunelleschi. The use of pietra serena, the grayish green stone that articulates the decorative elements on the walls. Steven: But it also articulates the walls themselves, and the space and the dominance of a kind of perfect geometry. Beth: We immediately have a sense of rectangles and squares and circles and semicircles, but my overwhelming feeling on walking in was that I was almost walking into an ancient Roman temple. Steven: Ah, okay; so this is very close to a central planned space; that is to say, something like the Pantheon, and there is an attention to the kind of perfect geometries and centrality that we really do associate with the ancient world, and so I think you're right. I think he's working very hard to create this classicism, this revival of the standards and the ideas of ancient Rome. Beth: Lovely fluted pilasters, long walls, and the hemispherical dome with an oculus in the center, and windows piercing its sides, so you have this really lovely light that comes into the chapel, a dome on pendentives, and in the pendentives, those triangular spaces that the dome rests on. We see roundels. Steven: Terracotta, and these would have been made by Luca della Robbia, who had recently perfected the ability to fire at a high-enough temperature to vitrify. What he used, what we consider modern glazes. Beth: Really is that sense of a centrally-planned space. Wanting to create a space that wasn't a basilica. This is a chapter house and not a church, but still that desire to work with a centrally-planned space, that becomes even more important in the high Renaissance, for artists like Bramante and Leonardo da Vinci. Steven: You walk into this space and you have this overwhelming feeling that you are in a completely constructed, ordered, designed environment. This is a space that is rational, where everything is subservient to the overall design conception. We've been talking about this space as if it were a central plan, but it's not quite. Beth: No. Steven: It is a little bit broader than it is long, and when you look up at that central dome, which is clearly dominant, there are small barrel vaults on either side. Beth: He took a rectangular space, and made it, as much as possible, into a square with a dome on top; two little barrel vaulted spaces on either side. Steven: And that's emphasized, not only by the geometry of the vaulting, but also of the geometry of the paving. The dome clearly constructs the space, and does give it that overwhelming feeling of classicism. (piano music)
Buildings and structures
Buildings
- 1460
- Palazzo Medici in Florence, designed by Michelozzo, is completed.
- Porto Magna in Venetian Arsenal, perhaps built by Antonio Gambello from a design by Jacopo Bellini is constructed, the first neoclassical building in Venice.
- 1462 – Reconstruction of Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua in Lombardy by Leon Battista Alberti begins.
- c. 1463 – Dardanelles fortresses of Kilitbahir Castle and Kale-i Sultaniye are built.
- 1463–67 – Fatih Mosque, Istanbul, designed by Atik Sinan, is constructed.
- 1464 – Neemrana fort in India is begun.
- 1466 – Ockwells Manor in Berkshire, England, is completed.[1]
- 1466–67 – Neubrügg covered wooden bridge over the Aare between Bern and Kirchlindach is erected.
- 1467 – Wongaksa Pagoda, Seoul, Korea, is built.
- 1468
- Rebuilding of the Palazzo Ducale, Urbino, begun by Luciano Laurana.
- Building of Basilica della Santa Casa, Loreto, Italy, begun by Giuliano da Maiano.[2]
- 1469 – Kasımiye Medrese in Mardin, Turkey, begun before 1407, is completed.
Events
- 1461: November 26 – 1461 L'Aquila earthquake in Italy; dome of Santa Maria di Collemaggio collapses for the first time.
- c.1464 – Filarete completes his Libro architettonico, a treatise on architecture and the ideal city of Sforzinda.
Births
- c.1460
- Benedetto Briosco, Italian sculptor and architect active in Lombardy (died 1514)
- Marco Palmezzano, Italian painter and architect (died 1539)
- Cristoforo Solari, Italian sculptor and architect (died 1527)
- John Wastell, English architect and master mason (died 1518)
- Bernardo Zenale, Italian painter and architect (died 1526)
Deaths
- 1464 – Bernardo Rossellino, Florentine sculptor and architect (born 1409)
- 1466: December 13 – Donatello, Florentine sculptor (born 1386)
- c.1469 – Filarete, Florentine architect (born c.1400)
References
- ^ Ford, David Nash (2002). "Ockwells Manor". Royal Berkshire History. Retrieved 2015-05-07.
- ^ Winters, Edward (2017). Dealing with the Visual: Art History, Aesthetics and Visual Culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781351160223. Retrieved 2020-04-10.