Teacher Corps

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Teacher Corps, whose correct title was the National Teacher Corps, was a program established by the United States Congress in the Higher Education Act of 1965 to improve elementary and secondary teaching in predominantly low-income areas.^[1]

The program was based on The Metropolitan Milwaukee Teacher Education Program model created by Dr.Martin Haberman.^[2]

Individual Teacher Corps projects were developed by "institutions of higher education" (colleges or universities with a teacher-training program) in partnership with local school districts. The local director was a college professor, and courses specific to teaching inner city students and disadvantaged students were developed by the college and used in the master's level education program. Teams of interns under the supervision of master teachers worked in the district's schools to help carry out project goals. The purpose of the Teacher Corps was to train and retain teachers for disadvantaged school districts, who would work with the communities they served. Some of the interns became teachers in the communities they had worked in after the program ended. Others took jobs elsewhere teaching disadvantaged students, usually in their home states. Interns worked on community projects in addition to teaching. One of the Trenton, NJ community programs that continued for years after the program ended, was an annual carnival fundraiser to raise money for the Mott Elementary School library.

The director of the Trenton Teacher Corps was Dr. Bernard Schwartz of Trenton State University. The Coordinator, who represented the Trenton Public Schools, was Bernice J. Munce. The interns were trained by the following team leaders: Daisy Morgan, Elise Collins, James Lodge, Anna Eure and Catherine Johnson. This program ended in 1970 with 21 interns completing the program.

Some of the participants were volunteers coming from Vista and Peace Corps programs, who had taught people and done community outreach, but who lacked formal training in teaching. When the revolution that brought Gaddafi to power in Libya broke out in September, 1969, he accused the Peace Corps volunteers of being CIA agents, and they had to leave the country. Some of these volunteers entered the Teacher Corps.

Originally one of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs, Teacher Corps, along with more than 40 other programs related to education, was replaced by block grants under the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981.^[3]

A 1974 study examining 20 Teacher Corps projects that began in 1971 found that half involved elementary school children, half secondary school children.^[4] While many projects involved inner-city schools, others involved children in rural areas like the Flint Hills of Kansas or Indian reservations.^[5]

Before its demise, the Corps enlisted local colleges, public schools and poverty organizations to provide training to future teachers to train them in the cultural and social traits of low income, socially disadvantaged persons to enable them to more effectively teach in the inner city elementary schools.

The interns and their team leaders participated in and developed community involvement activities in the various neighborhoods where their schools were located. They taught full-time, worked on a master's degree full-time, and did community service work to provide enrichment for the children they taught and to enhance the communities they lived in. They modified their curriculum to eliminate deficits and adjustment problems to school caused by social and educational deprivation. The interns and their team leaders created community outreach programs to get the community involved and to bring more community resources into the schools.

The idea of a teachers corps was reestablished as the non-profit organization Teach for America, which receives federal support as an AmeriCorps program. Reestablishing a National Teachers Corps has been suggested by the Democratic Leadership Council.^[6] In his 2006 State of the Union address George W. Bush proposed an effort to train more K-12 math and science teachers as part of the American Competitiveness Initiative.

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References

^ Public Law 89-329 Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, Section 511
^ https://www.tc.columbia.edu/articles/2013/june/in-memoriam/
^ Stein, Sandra J, The Culture of Education Policy, (Teachers College Press, New York, New York, 2004) p. 71
^ A Study of Teacher Training at Sixth Cycle Teacher Corps Projects Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine , page 54.
^ Using an Indian Community in Social Studies Education Archived 2010-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ DLC: Idea of the Week: A National Teachers Corps (July 12, 1999)

Foreign policy	Johnson Doctrine Dominican Republic occupation Vietnam War Gulf of Tonkin Resolution "Credibility gap" Glassboro Summit Outer Space Treaty Operation CHAOS
Domestic policy	Administrative Conference of the United States (1964) Cannabis policy Civil Rights Act of 1964 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Executive Order 11246 (1965) Flood Control Act of 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Child Nutrition Act 1966; School Breakfast Program Uniform Time Act (1966) White House Conference on Civil Rights (1966) Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 Executive Order 11375 (1967) Civil Rights Act of 1968 Gun Control Act of 1968 Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
Economic policy	Revenue Act of 1964 Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 Urban Mass Transportation Administration Coinage Act of 1965 Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 High-Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (1965) Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (1966) Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (1966) National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (1966) Tax Adjustment Act of 1966 Agricultural Fair Practices Act of 1967 U.S. Department of Transportation (1967) Wholesome Meat Act (1967) Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968 Truth in Lending Act Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968 Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 Ginnie Mae National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 National Flood Insurance Program Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968 Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968 Williams Act (1968)
Environmental policy	Wilderness Act (1964) Land and Water Conservation Fund (1965) Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965 Rivers and Harbors Act of 1965 Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965 Clean Waters Restoration Act (1966) National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 Air Quality Act of 1967 National Wild and Scenic Rivers System (1968)
Great Society/ War on Poverty	Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 Community Action Agencies Head Start Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Food Stamp Act of 1964 Food Stamp Program AmeriCorps VISTA (1965) Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) Higher Education Act of 1965 FAFSA Federal Family Education Loan Program Federal Work-Study Program Pell Grant Stafford Loan Student loans in the United States Teacher Corps TRIO Upward Bound National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 1965; National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities Older Americans Act (1965) Administration on Aging Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 Economic Development Administration Social Security Amendments of 1965 Medicare Medicaid Model Cities Program (1966) National Historic Preservation Act 1966; National Register of Historic Places National Historic Landmark State Historic Preservation Office Bilingual Education Act (1967) Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 Corporation for Public Broadcasting PBS NPR