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Olympic winners of the Archaic period

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ancient Olympia
EventAncient Olympic Games
SubjectAncient Olympic winners
Catalog of the Archaic period
Period776 BC to 480 BC
Previousno data available
NextClassical period

Just how far back in history organized contests were held remains a matter of debate, but it is reasonably certain that they occurred in Greece almost 3,000 years ago. However ancient in origin, by the end of the 6th century BC at least four Greek sporting festivals, sometimes called "classical games," had achieved major importance: the Olympic Games, held at Olympia; the Pythian Games at Delphi; the Nemean Games at Nemea; and the Isthmian Games, held near Corinth.[1] The Olympic Games were perhaps the greatest of these sporting events, and all Olympian victors were highly appreciated among the Greeks.

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Transcription

History

Main article: Ancient Olympic Games

The sophist Hippias of Elis was the first who drew up the list of Olympians in his work Olympians inscription, based perhaps on the records of Olympia, and the oral tradition memories of the older Olympiads were still live in Olympia. Conventional beginning was considered the Olympiad of 776 BC, when Coroebus of Elis win the foot race named stadion. The work of Hippias revised and continued in the 4th century BC by Aristotle, later by Eratosthenes, then by Phlegon of Tralles (Seleucia of Caria) and many others. Thus formed a kind of Olympians' chronicle, which was already in 3rd century BC the base of the ancient dating system.[note 1] Than younger tables survives complete the list of stadion winners by Sextus Julius Africanus (for the first 249 Olympiads), which included in a book by Eusebius of Caesarea.[2][3]

List of Olympic winners in the Archaic period

Further information: List of ancient olympic victors
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 222

The table below is an attempt to give a list (as complete as possible) of Olympic winners in the Archaic period (776 BC to 480 BC) combining all surviving sources. The work is based on records in the surviving historical and literary sources, race inscriptions, the texts of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, the testimony of Pausanias and the list of Sextus Julius Africanus. The first column shows the serial number of any Olympiad, the second column the same date, the third column contains the game and the fourth column lists the name and origin of the winner, or marked with [...] if the element is not readable on the papyrus and giving whenever possible a version of what could contain when an investigation exists over this element.[2][3][4][5]

Olympiad Year Game Winner Sources
001st 776 BC
Stadion		 Coroebus of Elis [2][3][4][5]
002nd 772 BC
Stadion		 Antimachus of Elis (or of Dyspontium) [2][3][4][5]
003rd 768 BC
Stadion		 Androcles of Messenia (or Androclos) [2][3][4][5]
004th 764 BC
Stadion		 Polychares of Messenia [2][3][4][5]
005th 760 BC
Stadion		 Aeschines of Elis [2][3][4][5]
006th 756 BC
Stadion		 Oebotas of Dyme (or Oebolas) [2][3][4][5]
007th 752 BC
Stadion		 Diocles of Messenia (or Daicles) [2][3][4][5]
008th[note 2] 748 BC
Stadion		 Anticles of Messenia [2][3][4][5]
009th 744 BC
Stadion		 Xenocles of Messenia (or Xenodocos) [2][3][4][5]
010th 740 BC
Stadion		 Dotades of Messenia [2][3][4][5]
011th 736 BC
Stadion		 Leochares of Messenia [2][3][4][5]
012th 732 BC
Stadion		 Oxythemis of Coronea (or of Cleonea) [2][3][4][5]
013th 728 BC
Stadion		 Diocles of Corinth [2][3][4][5]
014th 724 BC
Stadion		 Desmon of Corinth (or Dasmon) [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Hypenus of Pisa [2][3][4][5]
015th 720 BC
Stadion		 Orsippus of Megara [2][3][4][5]
Dolichos		 Acanthus of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
016th 716 BC
Stadion		 Pythagoras of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
017th 712 BC
Stadion		 Polus of Epidaurus [2][3][4][5]
018th 708 BC
Stadion		 Tellis of Sicyon [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Eurybatus of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
Pentathlon		 Lampis of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
019th 704 BC
Stadion		 Menus of Megara (or Menon) [2][3][4][5]
020th 700 BC
Stadion		 Atheradas of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
021st 696 BC
Stadion		 Pantacles of Athens [2][3][4][5]
022nd 692 BC
Stadion		 Pantacles of Athens [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Pantacles of Athens[6] [4]
023rd 688 BC
Stadion		 Icarius of Hyperesia (or Icarus) [2][3][4][5]
Boxing		 Onomastus of Smyrna[note 3] [2][3][4][5]
024th 684 BC
Stadion		 Cleoptolemus of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
025th 680 BC
Stadion		 Thalpis of Laconia (or Thalpius) [2][3][4][5]
Tethrippon		 Pagon of Thebes (or Pagonus) [2][3][4][5]
026th 676 BC
Stadion		 Callisthenes of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
Pentathlon		 Philombrotus the Lacedaemonian[7] [2][3][4]
027th 672 BC
Stadion		 Eurybus of Athens (or Eurybotus or Eurybate) [2][3][4][5]
Pentathlon		 Philombrotus the Lacedaemonian[7] [2][3][4]
Boxing		 Dahippus of Croton [3][4]
Public Tethrippon		 Dyspontium town[8] [3][4]
028th 668 BC
Stadion		 Chionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[note 4] [2][3][4][5]
Pentathlon		 Philombrotus the Lacedaemonian[7] [2][3][4]
029th 664 BC
Stadion		 Chionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[note 5] [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Chionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[6] [3][4]
030th 660 BC
Stadion		 Chionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis) [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Chionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[6] [3][4]
031st 656 BC
Stadion		 Chionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis) [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Chionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[6] [3][4]
032nd 652 BC
Stadion		 Cratinus of Megara [2][3][4][5]
Boxing		 Comaeus of Megara [2][3][4]
033rd 648 BC
Stadion		 Gyges of Laconia (or Gylis) [2][3][4][5]
Pancratium		 Lygdamis of Syracuse [2][3][4][5]
Tethrippon		 Myron (Tyrant of Syracuse)[note 6] [2][3][4][5]
Keles		 Crauxidas the Crannonian (or Craxilas) [3][4][5]
034th[note 2] 644 BC
Stadion		 Stomas of Athens [2][3][4][5]
035th 640 BC
Stadion		 Sphaerus the Laconian [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Cylon of Athens [2][3][4][5]
036th 636 BC
Stadion[2] or
Pancratium[9]		 Phrynon of Athens [2][3][4][5]
037th[note 7] 632 BC
Stadion		 Eurycleidas of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
Stadion boys		 Polynices of Elis (or Polyneices or Polyneites) [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling boys		 Hipposthenes of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
038th 628 BC
Stadion		 Olyntheus of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling boys		 Eutelidas the Lacedaemonian[note 8] [2][3][4]
Pentathlon boys		 Eutelidas the Lacedaemonian [3][4][5]
039th 624 BC
Stadion		 Rhipsolaus of Laconia (or Rhipsolcus) [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Hipposthenes of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
040th 620 BC
Stadion		 Olyntheus of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Hipposthenes of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
041st 616 BC
Stadion		 Cleondas of Thebes (or Cleonidas) [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Hipposthenes of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
Boxing boys		 Philotas of Sybaris (or Philytas) [2][3][4][5]
042nd 612 BC
Stadion		 Lycotas of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Hipposthenes of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
043rd 608 BC
Stadion		 Cleon of Epidaurus [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Hipposthenes of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
044th 604 BC
Stadion		 Gelon the Laconian [2][3][4][5]
045th 600 BC
Stadion		 Anticrates of Epidaurus [2][3][4][5]
046th 596 BC
Stadion		 Crysamaxos of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
Stadion boys		 Polymnestor of Miletus [2][3][4]
047th 592 BC
Stadion		 Eurycles of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
Tethrippon		 Megacleus of Athens [3]
048th 588 BC
Stadion		 Glaucias of Croton (or Glycon) [2][3][4][5]
Boxing		 Pythagoras of Samos [2][3][4]
049th 584 BC
Stadion		 Lycinus of Croton [2][3][4][5]
050th 580 BC
Stadion		 Epitelidas of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
051st 576 BC
Stadion		 Eratosthenes of Croton [2][3][4][5]
052nd 572 BC
Stadion		 Agis of Elis [2][3][4][5]
Pancratium		 Arrhichion of Phigalia (or Arrhachion) [2][3][4]
Tethrippon		 Cleisthenes (Tyrant of Sicyon)[7][10] [3][4][5]
053rd 568 BC
Stadion		 Agnon of Peparethus (or Hagnon) [2][3][4][5]
Pancratium		 Arrhichion of Phigalia (or Arrhachion) [2][3][4]
054th 564 BC
Stadion		 Hippostratus of Croton [2][3][4][5]
Pancratium		 Arrhichion of Phigalia (or Arrhachion) [2][3][4]
Keles		 Callius of Athens (son of Phaenhippus) [3][4]
055th 560 BC
Stadion		 Hippostratus of Croton [2][3][4][5]
056th 556 BC
Stadion		 Phaedrus of Pharsalus [2][3][4][5]
Boxing		 [...][11] the Lacedaemonian (son of Chilon of Sparta)[note 9] [3][4]
057th 552 BC
Stadion		 Ladromus of Laconia [2][3][4][5]
058th 548 BC
Stadion		 Diognetus of Croton [2][3][4][5]
059th 544 BC
Stadion		 Archilochus of Corcyra [2][3][4][5]
Boxing		 Praxidamas of Aegina [3][4][5]
060th 540 BC
Stadion		 Apellaeus of Elis [2][3][4][5]
Boxing boys		 [...]creon of Kea[7][12] [3][4]
Wrestling boys		 Milo of Croton[7] [2][3][4][5]
061st 536 BC
Stadion		 Agatharchus of Corcyra [2][3][4][5]
Pancratium		 Rexibius of Opous [3][4]
062nd 532 BC
Stadion		 Eryxias of Chalcis (or Eryxidas) [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Milo of Croton[7][note 10] [2][3][4][5]
Pancratium or
Boxing		 Eurymenes of Samos [13]
Tethrippon		 Cimon Coalemos (son of Stesagoras of Athens) [3][4]
063rd 528 BC
Stadion		 Parmenides of Camarina [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Milo of Croton[7] [2][3][4][5]
Tethrippon		 Peisistratos of Athens (son of Hippocrates) [3][4]
064th 524 BC
Stadion		 Evander of Thessaly (or Menander) [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Milo of Croton[7] [2][3][4][5]
Tethrippon		 Cimon Coalemos (son of Stesagoras of Athens) [3][4]
065th 520 BC
Stadion		 Anochus of Tarentum (or Anochas) [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Anochus of Tarentum (or Anochas)[6] [3][4]
Hoplitodromos		 Damaretus of Heraea (or Demaretus) [2][3][4][5]
Wrestling		 Milo of Croton[7] [2][3][4][5]
Boxing boys		 Glaukos of Carystos [3][4]
Tethrippon		 [...] of Thebes [4]
066th 516 BC
Stadion		 Ischyrus of Himera [2][3][4][5]
Hoplitodromos		 Damaretus of Heraea (or Demaretus) [3][4]
Wrestling		 Milo of Croton[7] [2][3][4][5]
Pancratium		 Timasitheus of Delphi[7] [3][4]
Tethrippon		 Cleosthenes of Epidamnus (or the Illyrian) [3][4][5]
067th 512 BC
Stadion		 Phanas of Pellene [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Phanas of Pellene [2][3][4]
Hoplitodromos		 Phanas of Pellene [2][3][4]
Pancratium		 Timasitheus of Delphi[7] [3][4]
Wrestling		 Timasitheus of Croton[7] [3][4]
068th 508 BC
Stadion		 Isomachus of Croton (or Ischomachus) [2][3][4][5]
Hoplitodromos		 Phrikias of Pellene[7] [3][4]
Wrestling		 Calliteles of Laconia[7] [4]
Keles		 [Sons of Pheidolas of Corinth] [3][4]
069th 504 BC
Stadion		 Isomachus of Croton (or Ischomachus) [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos or
Dolichos		 Thessalos of Corinth[7] [3][4]
Hoplitodromos		 Phrikias of Pellene[7] [3][4]
(unknown game)		 Titas of [...][6] [4]
070th 500 BC
Stadion		 Nicasias of Opus (or Nicaestas or Nicias) [2][3][4][5]
Stadion boys		 Philon of Corcyra[7] [3][14][15]
Boxing boys		 Agametor of Mantineia [4]
Apene		 Thersius of Thessaly [3][4][5]
071st 496 BC
Stadion		 Tisicrates of Croton [2][3][4][5]
Boxing		 Kleomedes of Astypalaia[16] [3][4]
Wrestling		 Exaenetus of Agrigento [3][4]
Keles		 Empedocles of Agrigento (son of Exaenetus) [3][4][5]
Kalpe		 Pataecus of Dyme [3][4][5]
072nd 492 BC
Stadion		 Tisicrates of Croton [2][3][4][5]
(foot race)		 Hippokleas of Pelinna [3][4]
Keles		 Crocon ο Eretria [4]
073rd 488 BC
Stadion		 Astylos of Croton (or Astyalus) [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Astylos of Croton (or Astyalus) [3][4]
Hoplitodromos or
Dolichos		 Hippocleas of Pelinna [3][4]
Pentathlon		 Euthycles of Lokroi [4]
Stadion boys		 Asopichos of Orchomenos [3][4]
Boxing boys		 Agiadas of Elis [4]
Keles		 Hieron of Syracuse[6] [5]
Tethrippon		 Gelon (Tyrant of Syracuse) [3][4][5]
074th 484 BC
Stadion		 Astylos of Croton (as of Syracuse) [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Astylos of Croton (as of Syracuse) [3][4]
Hoplitodromos		 Mnaseas of Cyrene [4]
Dolichos		 [Dromeus of Stymphalia][7] [3][4]
Wrestling		 Theopompus of Heraea[7] [3][15]
Pancratium		 Agias of Pharsalus[7] [4]
Boxing		 Euthymos of Locri (or the Italian) [3][4]
Tethrippon		 Polypeithes of Laconia [4]
075th 480 BC
Stadion		 Astylos of Croton (as of Syracuse) [2][3][4][5]
Diaulos		 Astylos of Croton (as of Syracuse) [3][4]
Hoplitodromos		 Astylos of Croton (as of Syracuse) [3][4]
Dolichos		 [Dromeus of Stymphalia][7] [3][4]
Wrestling		 Theopompus of Heraea[7] [3][15]
Boxing		 Theagenes of Thasos [3][4]
Pancratium		 [Dromeus of Mantineia] [3][4]
Stadion boys		 [Xe]nopithes of Chios[17] [3][4]
Wrestling boys		 [...]con of Argos [3][4]
Boxing boys		 [...]phanes of Heraea [3][4]
Tethrippon		 [Dae]tondas and Arsilochus of Thebes [3][4]
Public Keles		 Argos town[8] [3][4]

Supplementary list

The supplementary list contains Olympic winners of this period known from literary and epigraphic records, but who have been dated only approximately and cannot be included in specific Olympiads.[3]

Chronology Game Winner Sources
700 BC to 650 BC
Dolichos		 Phanas of Messenia [3][4]
c. 636 BC
Stadion		 Arytamas of Laconia [3][4]
612 BC to 592 BC
Tethrippon		 Alcmaeon of Athens (son of Megacles) [3][4]
672 BC to 532 BC
Tethrippon		 Euagoras the Lacedaemonian (three consecutive times) [3][4]
late 7th or early 6th century BC
Tethrippon		 Periandros of Corinth (son of Cypselus of Corinth)[7] [3]
early 6th century BC
Wrestling		 Hetoimocles of Laconia (son of Hipposthenes) (five times)[18] [3][4]
572 BC to 528 BC
Boxing		 Tisandros of Sicilian Naxos (four consecutive times)[19] [3][4]
c. 560 BC
Tethrippon		 Miltiades of Athens (son of Cypselus of Athens) [3][4]
550 BC to 500 BC
Keles		 Pheidolas of Corinth [3][4]
c. 520 BC
(unknown game)		 Philippus of Croton (son of Butacides) [3][4][20]
late 6th century BC
Tethrippon		 Pantares the Sicilian (son of Menecrates of Gela)[6][21] [3][4]
510 BC to 491 BC
Tethrippon		 Demaratus (King of Sparta) [3][4]
c. 500 BC
Pentathlon		 Akmatidas the Lacedaemonian [3][4]
c. 500 BC
Stadion boys		 Meneptolemos of Apollonia [4]
5th century BC
(unknown game)		 Damarchos of Parrhasia [3]
early 5th century BC
Keles		 Echecrates of Pharsalus (or Echecratidas) [3]
early 5th century BC
Pentathlon		 Theopombus of Heraea (son of Damaretos) (two times)[22] [3][4]
500 BC to 488 BC
Boxing		 Philon of Corcyra (two times)[7][23] [3][4]
500 BC to 484 BC
Tethrippon		 Callius of Athens (son of Hipponicus) (three times) [3][4]
c. 488 BC
Boxing		 Diognetus of Croton[7] [4]
c. 484 BC
Wrestling		 Telemachus of Pharsalus[7] [4]
before 484 BC
(unknown game)		 Praxiteles of Syracuse [3]
before 480 BC
Boxing boys		 Epikradios of Mantineia [3][4]
492 BC to 480 BC
Pentathlon		 Hieronymos of Andros [4]
500 BC to 476 BC
Apene		 Anaxilas (Tyrant of Region) [3][4]
500 BC to 450 BC
Boxing boys		 Protolaus of Mantineia [3]

Notes

  1. ^ According to Encyclopædia Britannica (1911), Chronology (§ Olympiads).
  2. ^ a b None-Olympiad for Elis. Organized by Pisatans.
  3. ^ It was Onomastus who established the rules of Boxing, according to Eusebius, p. 196.
  4. ^ According to Eusebius, p. 198, Chionis was not the winner of this Olympiad, but Charmis of Laconia, who trained on a diet of dried figs.
  5. ^ Chionis could leap a distance of 22 feet (about 6,71 meters), according to Eusebius, p. 198.
  6. ^ Myron, son of Andreas, tyrant of Sicyon, according to Müller, p. 452.
  7. ^ Were performed for the first time the games for boys.
  8. ^ According to Eusebius, p. 199, exceptionally, only in this Olympiad, the boys fought in pancratium, and the name of winner was Deftelidas of Laconia.
  9. ^ Chilon died of happiness after the victory of his son (according to Diogenes, ch. III (Chilon), pp. 72-73).
  10. ^ He won six times at the Olympic games, six times at the Pythian games, ten times at the Isthmian games, and nine times at the Nemean games, according to Eusebius p. 202.

References

  1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica 2006, The ancient Olympic Games.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj According to Eusebius.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh According to HHN.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl According to FHW.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df According to Müller.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h The chronological value is considered to be uncertain.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab The chronology is considered to be relevant.
  8. ^ a b The victory belongs to this town.
  9. ^ According to Diogenes, ch. IV (Pittacus), p. 74
  10. ^ This was in 584 BC, according to Müller, p. 454.
  11. ^ Mentioned as Damagetos, HHN, p. 503.
  12. ^ Mentioned as Leocreon (according to FHW) or Neocreon (according to HHN, p. 503).
  13. ^ According to Greek base Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine of FHW.
  14. ^ According to FHW, this was on previous Olympiad.
  15. ^ a b c There is also a reference in the supplementary list below.
  16. ^ According to FHW, this was on next Olympiad.
  17. ^ According to FHW was from Kea.
  18. ^ According to FHW the first one as a boy.
  19. ^ Beginning (the most likely) from the 60th Olympiad (according to HHN) or maybe the 52nd Olympiad (according to FHW).
  20. ^ According to Herodotus Book 5: ch. 47, 1-2.
  21. ^ In 508 BC according to FHW.
  22. ^ In 484 BC and 480 BC according to FHW. Also there are references to wrestling by athlete Theopombus according to HHN, p. 503 (wrestling) and p. 507 (pentathlon).
  23. ^ In 500 BC and 496 BC (according to FHW), or in 492 BC and 488 BC (according to HHN, p. 503).

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Olympic winners of the Archaic period.
  • Diogène de Laerte. Des Philosophes (in Greek and French). Vol. I. Paris: Charpentier (1847). pp. 72–74.
  • Eusebius of Caesarea. Chronicon: Olympiads of the Greeks. Schoene-Petermann. pp. 191–220.
  • "Archaic Hellenism". History of Hellenic Nation (in Greek). Vol. 2. Athens Publishing. 1971. pp. 502–507. ISBN 960-213-097-0. OCLC 636806977. OL 18546042M. Athens Academy Award 1980
  • Foundation of Hellenic World. "The Olympic Victors". Archaic Era.
  • Karl Otfried Müller (1839). The history and antiquities of the Doric race. Vol. 2. Translated by Lewis, George Cornewall; Tufnell, Henry. London: Murray (Robarts - University of Toronto). pp. 446–462 App. VI.
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chronology (Olympiads)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 312–313.

See also

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