To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

How to transfigure the Wikipedia

Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? We have created a browser extension. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology.

Try it — you can delete it anytime.

Install in 5 seconds
4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
Great Wikipedia has got greater.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

Nazi gun control argument

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the claim that Nazi gun control facilitated the Holocaust. For the history of German gun laws, see Gun legislation in Germany.

German Weapons Act of 18 March 1938 (RGBl. I p. 265)

The Nazi gun control argument is the claim that gun regulations in Nazi Germany helped facilitate the rise of the Nazis and the Holocaust.[1][2][3] Historians and fact-checkers have characterized the argument as dubious or false, and point out that Jews were under 1% of the population and that it would be unrealistic for such a small population to defend themselves even if they were armed.[2][3][4][5][6]

The argument is frequently employed by opponents of gun control in debates on United States gun politics, citing security against tyranny. Those against the argument most often call it an example of reductio ad Hitlerum.[7]

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/5
    Views:
    38 894
    1 162 276
    761 342
    17 007
    174 355
  • Gun control in the Third Reich
  • Can Germans Have Guns? (Weapon Laws In Germany)
  • Guns in the Third Reich - A Response to Ben Shapiro and Others
  • Holocaust Survivor Eva Schloss on the Nazi Invasion of Austria
  • What Actually Defines an Assault Rifle, and Who Invented Them?

Transcription

In almost any debate about gun control, somebody is sure to point out that the Nazi regime of Germany introduced gun control legislation in order to disarm the Jews and leave them defenceless. Well, that sounds like a claim that needs investigating. And I’m going to try to do that while remaining as neutral as possible: neither pro-gun nor anti-gun. Let’s just look at the historical facts. Perhaps the most surprising thing to learn is that historically, Germany has always had quite strict laws. According to the historian and journalist Reinhard Scholzen, as far back as the year 1400 the authorities were trying to deal with crime by limited access to weapons. But things really came to a head in 1545. Following the Peasants’ Revolt, citizens were required to surrender their swords and morningstars. And then the authorities set about trying to restrict ownership of arms to, basically, the army and huntsmen. Fast forward to the March Revolution of 1848, and there was great demand for a relaxation of gun control laws. This was opposed by the military, who said that it wasn’t a very good idea for members of the public to be involved in the task of keeping the peace. Now, at the time there wasn’t actually a specific law regarding weapons. There were various laws and regulations here and there that together amounted to very strict controls on weapons. After the First World War, though, the victorious allies demanded that German civilians be disarmed. And so in 1920 a law was passed to that effect. In 1928, a new law came into effect which, perhaps surprisingly, actually relaxed gun control very slightly. It was still very heavily regulated. But private citizens could have a weapon if they could prove two things: one, that they were competent enough to handle it; and two, that they actually had a need for one. That was the situation when the Nazis came to power: not many people had weapons, because not many people were able to prove that they actually needed one. Now, Stephen Halbrook is an American lawyer who opposes strict gun control legislation, and he decided to investigate this. And according to his research, almost the first thing the Nazis did when they came to power was to go through the gun registrations lists, and identify their political opponents and disarm them. To this end, they simply declared that Jews, by virtue of being Jews, were not competent to handle firearms. But it was also a handy excuse for them to search their homes, which was probably more important to them than actually finding weapons. Most famously, Albert Einstein’s home was searched, and the closest thing they could find to a weapon was a breadknife. So the Nazis didn’t actually need to enact a new law in order to make this happen: they just needed to re-interpret an existing law. It wasn’t until 1935 that they passed a law specifically banning the issuance of gun permits to Jews; but by then it was probably academic. In 1938, a new law was passed which also denied certain groups the right to carry guns; but also relaxed the rules for certain other people, namely members of Nazi organisations, who were now allowed to carry weapons without a permit. So it’s not completely accurate to say that the Nazis introduced gun control legislation in order to disarm the Jews. But it is true they used existing laws to justify it. Thank you for watching, and I hope you enjoyed the video. If you did, don’t forget to subscribe and tell your friends about my channel. You can also follow my blog, and follow me on Google+ and Twitter; you’ll find links on my website. And if you’d like to send me a postcard, here’s the address.

Background

Main article: Disarmament of the German Jews

In early 1930s Germany, few citizens owned, or were entitled to own firearms[2] with the Weimar Republic having strict gun control laws.[8] When the Nazi party gained power, some aspects of gun regulation were loosened for Nazi party members only.[5]: 672  The laws were tightened in other ways, such as specifically banning ownership of guns by Jews. Nazi laws systematically disarmed so-called "unreliable" persons, especially Jews while relaxing restrictions for Nazi party members.[5]: 670, 676  The policies were later expanded to include the confiscation of arms in occupied countries.[9]: 533, 536 

Argument

According to gun rights activist and former National Rifle Association board member Neal Knox, the Nazi gun control hypothesis was first suggested in a 1992 book by Jay Simkin and Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership (JPFO) founder Aaron S. Zelman. In it, they compared the German gun laws of 1928 and 1938 and the United States congressional hearings preceding the Gun Control Act of 1968.[10][11] Supporters of the Nazi gun control argument point to a request by U.S. senator Thomas J. Dodd to the Library of Congress for a translation of the 1938 Nazi law. Dodd was a prosecutor during the post-war Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals, and as a senator he sponsored gun control bills that led to creation of the 1968 law.

In a 2000 article, National Rifle Association (NRA) attorney Stephen Halbrook said he was presenting "the first scholarly analysis of the use of gun control laws and policies to establish the Hitler regime and to render political opponents and especially German Jews defenseless."[9]: 485  In the article, he cites an Adolf Hitler quote: "the most foolish mistake we could possibly make would be to allow the subject races to possess arms."[9]: 483 [12]: 403  Other gun rights advocates such as Halbrook, Zelman, and NRA leader Wayne LaPierre have proposed that Nazi Party policies and laws were an enabling factor in the Holocaust, that prevented its victims from implementing an effective resistance.[5]: 653–5 [9]: 484 [13]: 87–8, 167–8  Associate professor of criminal justice M. Dyan McGuire wrote in her 2011 book: "It is frequently argued that these laws, which resulted in the confiscation of weapons not belonging to supporters of the Nazis, rendered the Jews and other disfavored groups like the Gypsies, homosexuals, Poles, and their potential allies defenseless and set the stage for the slaughter of the Holocaust that followed."[14][6]

The Nazi gun control argument has been used as a "security against tyranny" argument in U.S. gun politics.[15][16]

Legal scholar and historian Robert Cottrol has argued that other authoritarian regimes such as the Khmer Rouge could have been inhibited by more private gun ownership.[16]

A 2011 open letter from Dovid Bendory, who was the rabbinic director of JPFO, to then New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg, asked: "Are you aware that the Nazis disarmed Jews prior to Kristallnacht and that those same Nazi gun laws are the foundation of the U.S. Gun Control Act of 1968?"[17][18]

In October 2015, U.S. Republican presidential candidate Ben Carson said that Hitler's mass murder of Jews "would have been greatly diminished" if Germans had not been disarmed by the Nazis.[19]

In February 2018, U.S. Republican representative Don Young questioned, "How many Jews were put in the ovens because they were unarmed?"[20]

Criticism

Fact-checkers have described this theory as "false" or "debunked".[21][22][23][1]

In a 2011 magazine piece, law professor Mark Nuckols says Nazi gun control hypotheses are part of a "shaky intellectual edifice" underlying "belief in widespread gun ownership as a defense against tyrannical government." He says the idea is "gaining traction with members of Congress as well as fringe conspiracy theorists."[4] In his 2011 book, fellow law professor Adam Winkler says: "This radical wing of the gun rights movement focuses less on the value of guns for self-defense against criminals than on their value for fighting tyranny."[15] He says the militia groups that grew in number across the U.S. after the early 1990s organized "to fight off what they saw as an increasingly tyrannical federal government and what they imagined was the inevitable invasion of the United States by the United Nations."[24] Winkler wrote that "[to] some on the fringe," the Brady Bill "was proof that the government was determined to deprive Americans of their constitutional rights."[25]

Because mainstream scholars argue that gun laws in Germany were already strict prior to Hitler,[2][5][3][26] gun-control advocates may view the hypothesis as a form of reductio ad Hitlerum.[7] In a 2004 issue of the Fordham Law Review, legal scholar Bernard Harcourt said Halbrook "perhaps rightly" could say that he made the first scholarly analysis of his Nazi-gun-registration subject, but as a gun-rights litigator, not as a historian.[5]: 669–670  Harcourt called on historians for more research and serious scholarship on Nazi gun laws. "Apparently," Harcourt wrote, "the historians have paid scant attention to the history of firearms regulation in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich."[5]: 679–680  According to Harcourt, "Nazis were intent on killing Jewish persons and used the gun laws and regulations to further the genocide,"[5]: 676  but the disarming and killing of Jews was unconnected with Nazi gun control policy, and it is "absurd to even try to characterize this as either pro- or anti-gun control." If he had to choose, Harcourt said, the Nazi regime was pro-gun compared with the Weimar Republic that preceded it.[5]: 671, 677  He says that gun rights advocates disagree about the relationship between Nazi gun control and the Holocaust, with many distancing themselves from the idea. Political scientist Robert Spitzer said (in the same law review as Harcourt, who stated the same thing) the quality of Halbrook's historical research is poor.[3] In reference to Halbrook's hypothesis that gun control leads to authoritarian regimes, Spitzer says that "actual cases of nation-building and regime change, including but not limited to Germany, if anything support the opposite position."[26]: 728 

Regarding the "Nazi gun control theory", anthropologist Abigail Kohn wrote in her 2004 book:[2]

Such counterfactual arguments are problematic because they reinvent the past to imagine a possible future. In fact, Jews were not well-armed and were not able to adequately defend themselves against Nazi aggression. Thus, reimagining a past in which they were and did does not provide a legitimate basis for arguments about what might have followed.

In the encyclopedic 2012 book, Guns in American Society, Holocaust scholar Michael Bryant says Halbrook, LaPierre, Zelman, Dave Kopel, and others' "use of history has selected factual inaccuracies, and their methodology can be questioned."[3]

In January 2013, Anti-Defamation League (ADL) director Abraham Foxman said in a press release: "The idea that supporters of gun control are doing something akin to what Hitler's Germany did to strip citizens of guns in the run-up to the Second World War is historically inaccurate and offensive, especially to Holocaust survivors and their families."[27] Later that year, Jewish groups and Jersey City, New Jersey mayor Steven Fulop criticized the NRA for comparing gun control supporters to Nazi Germany.[28] The Jewish Federation of Greater MetroWest NJ released a statement saying: "Access to guns and the systematic murder of six million Jews have no basis for comparison in the United States or in New Jersey. The Holocaust has no place in this discussion and it is offensive to link this tragedy to such a debate."[28]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Shot down: the myths distorting the US gun debate". Channel 4 News. February 12, 2013. Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e Kohn, Abigail (2004). Shooters: Myths and Realities of America's Gun Cultures. Oxford University Press. p. 187. ISBN 0-19-515051-1. Archived from the original on May 14, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e Bryant, Michael S. (May 4, 2012). "Holocaust Imagery and Gun Control". In Carter, Gregg Lee (ed.). Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture and the Law. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 411–415. ISBN 9780313386701. OCLC 833189121. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  4. ^ a b Nuckols, Mark (January 31, 2013). "Why the 'Citizen Militia' Theory Is the Worst Pro-Gun Argument Ever". The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Harcourt, Bernard E. (2004). "On Gun Registration, the NRA, Adolf Hitler, and Nazi Gun Laws: Exploding the Gun Culture Wars (A Call to Historians)". Fordham Law Review. 73 (2): 653–680. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  6. ^ a b Steinweis, Alan (October 14, 2015). "Ben Carson Is Wrong on Guns and the Holocaust". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  7. ^ a b McMorris-Santoro, Evan (January 9, 2013). "Opponents Play The Hitler Card On Gun Control, Supporters Say It's Not Gonna Work This Time". Talking Points Memo. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  8. ^ Alex Seitz-Wald (January 11, 2013). "The Hitler gun control lie". salon.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  9. ^ a b c d Halbrook, Stephen P. (2000). "Nazi Firearms Law and the Disarming of the German Jews" (PDF). Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law. 17 (3): 483–535. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  10. ^ Knox, Neal (2009). The Gun Rights War: Dispatches from the Front Lines 1966 - 2000. Phoenix, Arizona: MacFarlane. p. 286. ISBN 9780976863304. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  11. ^ Winkler 2011, p. 339.
  12. ^ Trevor-Roper, Hugh R. (2008). Hitler's Table Talk 1941-44: His Private Conversations (new ed.). Enigma Books. p. 321. ISBN 978-1936274932. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  13. ^ LaPierre, Wayne (1994). Guns, Crime, and Freedom. Washington, D.C.: Regnery. ISBN 9780895264770. OCLC 246629786.
  14. ^ McGuire, M. Dyan (2011). "Gun Control Laws". In Chambliss, William (ed.). Courts, Law, and Justice. SAGE. p. 119. ISBN 978-1412978576. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  15. ^ a b Winkler 2011, p. 83.
  16. ^ a b Cottrol, Robert (November 7, 1999). "The Last Line of Defense". Los Angeles Times (opinion). Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  17. ^ Coscarelli, Joe (March 9, 2011). "Jewish Firearms Group Compares Bloomberg Gun Control to Genocide, Nazis". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  18. ^ "Rabbi Defends Comparison of Gun Owners to Holocaust Victims" (Press release). Chicago: Fox 32 News. May 3, 2011. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2016.{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  19. ^ Williams, Vanessa (October 8, 2015). "Carson suggests that gun rights might have changed history for Jews in WWII". Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  20. ^ Savransky, Rebecca (February 28, 2018). "Rep. Don Young suggests armed Jews could have prevented the Holocaust". Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  21. ^ "Fact-checking Ben Carson's claim that gun control laws allowed the Nazis to carry out Holocaust". @politifact. Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  22. ^ "Florida lawmaker mangles Nazi gun control history". @politifact. Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  23. ^ "Facebook post claiming guns could have prevented the Holocaust met with backlash". The Washington Post. 2018. Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  24. ^ Winkler 2011, p. 84.
  25. ^ Winkler 2011, p. 85.
  26. ^ a b Spitzer, Robert J. (2004). "Don't Know Much About History, Politics, or Theory: A Comment". Fordham Law Review. 73 (2): 721–730. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  27. ^ "ADL Says Nazi Analogies Have No Place In Gun Control Debate" (Press release). New York: Anti-Defamation League. January 24, 2013. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  28. ^ a b Giambusso, David (December 17, 2013). "Jewish groups, Jersey City Mayor Fulop slam NRA for Holocaust comments". Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2015.

Bibliography

Further reading

Works that argue that gun control serves as a necessary, though not sufficient condition, for Genocide

Works that criticize Nazi gun control arguments

This page was last edited on 14 March 2024, at 06:28
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.
Contact WIKI 2
Introduction
Terms of Service
Privacy Policy