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Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Monuments Men and Women Foundation
TypeNot-for-profit organization
IndustryCultural Preservation
FoundedJune 6, 2007
FounderRobert M. Edsel
HeadquartersDallas, Texas
Websitehttps://www.monumentsmenandwomenfnd.org/

The Monuments Men and Women Foundation, formerly known as the Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art, is an American IRS-approved 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization,[1] which honors the legacy of those who served in the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program during and after World War II,[2][3] more commonly known as the Monuments Men and Women. Today, the foundation continues their mission by recovering Nazi looted artworks, documents, and other cultural objects and returning them to their rightful owners. Raising public awareness is essential to the foundation's mission of "Restitution, Education and Preservation".[4]

It was founded in 2007[5] by Robert M. Edsel, author of Rescuing Da Vinci,[6] The Monuments Men: Allied Heroes, Nazi Thieves and the Greatest Treasure Hunt in History,[7][8] Saving Italy: The Race to Rescue a Nation's Treasures from the Nazis,[9][10] and The Greatest Treasure Hunt in History: the Story of the Monuments Men.[11] The film The Monuments Men, scripted, directed by, and starring George Clooney, is based on Edsel's best-seller and was released in February 2014 and has been shown in over 100 countries.[12] The film was also privately shown at the White House for members of President Barack Obama's administration.[13]

The organization was one of the recipients of the 2007 National Humanities Medals presented by President George W. Bush.[14] On October 22, 2015, after nine years of tireless work, the foundation succeeded in having the United States Congress present the Monuments Men and Women, of all 14 nations, with the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian honor bestowed by the United States.[15] Four living members of the MFAA attended the Congressional Gold Medal ceremony, including Monuments Man Harry Ettlinger and Monuments Woman Motoko Fujishiro Huthwaite.[16]

YouTube Encyclopedic

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  • National Archives & Monuments Men Foundation press event 5/8/14
  • The Monuments Men: Saving Europe’s Cultural Treasures
  • Saving Italy: A Conversation with Robert Edsel, Monuments Men Author: Part 2, "War in an Art Museum"
  • Saving Italy: A Conversation with Robert Edsel, Monuments Men Author: Part 1, The Last Supper
  • Saving Italy: A Conversation with Robert Edsel, Monuments Men Author, Part 3, Karl Wolff

Transcription

This is a very special occasion thanks to Robert Edsel and the Monuments Men Foundation. The National Archives is able to add to its collection of Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg popularly known as the Hitler Albums. The volume before us today is the last known of the nearly 100 hundred volumes created during World War II by the Nazis in order to catalog cultural property that was looted in Europe. The thirty-nine ERR albums that had been used as evidence in the Nuremberg trials were long thought to be the only albums to have survived the war. More than sixty years later, however the Monuments Men Foundation acquired three more albums and donated them to the national archives. In recent months the historical Monuments Men have been in the public eye due to the release of the motion picture about them. And I should mention that Robert's book has been on the best seller list for eighteen weeks now, congratulations Robert. We are honored to have with us today a real Monuments Man, Harry Ettlinger. Who was the inspiration for the character Sam Epstein in the film. And the photograph here is Harry in the mine. Today we are also very pleased to accept the fourth album from Mr. Edsel and the Foundation. The National Archives is becoming the world's leading resource on Holocaust era assets and these volumes enhance our role as that resource. Each album lays down further evidence of Hitler's premeditated theft of art and other cultural treasures. The Nazis attempt to rewrite the political and cultural landscape of Europe is overwhelmed by the records of their deeds. Our history is not a closed chapter, new evidence turns up and gives us more to ponder and study and we are grateful to the Monuments Men Foundation for its continuing work to recover cultural and historical treasures and documents that were stolen during World War II.  For more detailed information about the albums I will turn it over to Dr. Greg Bradsher. Greg is Senior Archivist at the National Archives and has spent at least the last twenty years focused on Holocaust era asset records, Greg.  William Manchester in his book "Goodbye Darkness" spoke about his time on Guadalcanal and he said that his fellow marines use to say that the Japanese fought for the emperor, the British for glory, and the Americans for souvenirs. And many American soldiers did pick up souvenirs during the war as we know. A young eighteen year-old private in General Patton's Army named Robert Thomas in April of 1945 picked up two sixteenth century German law books and brought them home to San Diego. In this very room in 2009 he returned it to the German Ambassador and I like to joke with him he wasn't going to be charged an overdue fine from the library. General Patton took home the original Nuremberg Laws to California and David Ferriero and I went out to California in August of 2010 and retrieved them. So now today Robert Edsel and the Monuments Men Foundation are donating to us what was just a souvenir to an American soldier serving in the last days of World War II in the Berchtesgaden area. He brought it home probably not giving much thought to its historical significance. But it's actually an important piece of the historical past, the album is yet another evidence of Nazi theft of cultural property and it's also proof of the extent they went to document their thievery. Later such documentation was used by the Monuments Men to ascertain the legal ownership of such cultural property and affect its return. As the Archivist said this donation today once again demonstrates the efforts by Robert Edsel and the Monuments Men Foundation to help facilitate getting such pieces of history to an appropriate institution. In this case it's the National Archives. So I am pleased to introduce Robert Edsel, who besides his involvement with the Foundation, is the author of "Rescuing DaVinci" "Saving Italy" and "The Monuments Men" and he is a true friend of the National Archives, Robert.  Well, thank you Greg and to David and the many guests who are here and friends. Sixty-nine years ago Supreme Allied Commander General Dwight D. Eisenhower cabled his superiors informing them that the mission of this allied force had been fulfilled it's a historic day today to remember that. After six terror filled years the war in Europe had finally ended, but the work of the Monuments Men and Women was just beginning in the weeks that followed these soldier scholars discovered some fifteen hundred hiding places containing almost five million works of art and other cultural treasures most of it stolen by the Nazis. They also found thousands of important documents including thirty-nine brown leather covered albums containing photographs of works of art stolen from French collectors and dealers. These albums proved a critical part of the evidence at the Nuremberg trials. The discovery of album six provided first proof that there were albums in existence more than just these original thirty-nine albums found in May 1945 by Monument Men Jim Rorimer. You can see Rorimer standing on the steps of the Castle at Neuschwanstein where the first thirty-nine albums were found. Album number six was found about a hundred and thirty miles away in Adolf Hitler's home in Berchtesgaden in the Bavarian Alps. It was there that an American soldier picked this up as a souvenir having no idea of its importance and brought it home. Album seven, eight, and fifteen which the Monuments Men Foundation has previously donated to the National Archives were found under similar circumstances also at Berchtesgaden at Hitler's home and I believe the remaining missing album somewhere between a minimum of five and perhaps as many as fifty-seven were also located there and will eventually and many of them will eventually surface. The presence of these albums in Hitler's mountaintop retreat, underscore his personal involvement in this massive premeditated theft and highlight their importance to him as a welcome distraction from the depressing war front news. Historical significance aside, album six also provided us at the foundation with an extraordinary coincidence. The first photograph in album six which you will see in a few minutes shows a painting by a French painter named Largilliere. The actual painting by Largilliere is one of three works that you see in this photograph here the one on the right being carried down by this American soldier in what I like to point out to people is the idea of photo-ops is not a modern day concept. You can see the Army's Signal Corps has choreographed this scene. And you have the coincidence than this album contains a photograph of a work of art that's being found a hundred and thirty miles away quite a surprise to us when we opened this album up and saw that as the very first photograph in it. The Monuments Men Foundation often receives calls on its toll free tip line 1-866-World War II-ART or WWII-ART in fact the number is 1-866-994-4278. And we receive those calls from veterans and their family members seeking information about cultural treasures and sometimes artistic objects that were brought home after the war. We are using the visibility of my books and importantly the Monuments Men film that for the first time ever is engaging the public to ask them for their help in locating and returning these important objects to their rightful owners. The Foundation does not charge anyone for doing this work. Discoveries of long lost objects are occurring almost every day. From the dramatic news of some fourteen hundred works of art that were found in a Munich apartment last November to the emergence of this single album that is being donated today. Hundreds of thousands of cultural objects remain missing from World War II part of the altered legacy with which we live. Thanks to George Clooney and the success of the Monuments Men film, global awareness about these heroes of civilization and the subject of Nazi looting is reaching a worldwide audience in a way it has never done so before. I believe that the home entertainment roll out of the film and the related materials the Blu-Ray are going to reach millions more people and provide more depth and interest in the story than has ever existed before and it is going to help the Monuments Men Foundation further its work in locating and returning many of these cultural items that surface to the rightful owners and in some cases to archives such as the National Archives and in doing this work we honor the legacy of the Monuments Men and Women. Ceremonies such as this are important because they cause us to pause and reflect especially on such an important anniversary as today. While we are gathered here to speak about objects the Foundation is always mindful that World War II claimed the lives of some sixty-five million people including two Monuments Men both killed during combat trying to protect parts of our shared cultural heritage. That sense of humanity is imbued in all that we do, we are therefore proud to present and donate this latest album, album six, part of our longstanding and very very important relationship with the National Archives to the nation. Thank you very much. And I would now like the introduce Harry Ettlinger. Harry why don't you come on up?  I am not going to come up and talk about the broad aspects of what we Americans and other countries did in order to come along and save the culture and the art of countries that had been invaded by the Nazis who had only one interest in their life of making them superior to everybody else. All human beings are all alike some are better some are worse, we all go through that, we are all equal. That is the message that we try to come along and talk about, let's say implement that all of us are equal and we must show respect for each other, we must show respect for each other's culture under which we particularly live. So today I am very honored very privileged to have Robert Edsel provide this newest evidence of the books that were generated by the Nazis with the stolen works of art that they had, and I hope while we are here that you will pay him the great respect for telling the world what an honorable thing that we did in World War II instead of taking things we sought to it that they were returned, I am very thankful having been part of that particular group, thank you very much. 

History

The Monuments Men outside Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany, 1945

The creation of the Monuments Men Foundation was announced by Robert M. Edsel during a ceremony on June 6, 2007, the 63rd anniversary of D-Day, that celebrated Senate and House concurrent resolutions honoring the Monuments Men.[17][18][19]

The foundation's mission and accomplishments have received bipartisan recognition by President George W. Bush, President Barack Obama,[20] Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Speaker of the House John Boehner[21] and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi; as well as many other members of Congress and celebrities.

Robert M. Edsel is the foundation's current chairman of the board. In November 2019, Anna Bottinelli (an alumna of the Courtauld Institute of Art and John Cabot University) was nominated the foundation's new president.[22][23]

The foundation launched the Monuments Men and Women Museum Network in 2021.[24] Participating institutions have a direct connection to a least one member of the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program —known as the "monuments men and women" —and include the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, the Courtauld Gallery, and the Berlin State Museums.[25]

In March 2022, the foundation announced the creation of WWII Most Wanted Art™ playing cards,[26][27] featuring 52 works of art that are still missing today—to engage the public in the search and return of these paintings, sculptures, and other cultural objects.

Notable discoveries and returns

ERR Albums

Archivist of the United States Allen Weinstein with Edsel after the donation of Nazi photograph albums

During the course of their research into the whereabouts of lost art, Edsel and the staff of the Monuments Men and Women Foundation discovered four large, leather-bound photograph albums which documented portions of the European art looted by the Nazis.[28][29][30] The albums were in the possession of heirs to an American soldier stationed in the Berchtesgaden area of Germany, in the closing days of World War II.[29]

The albums were created by the staff of the Third Reich's Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), a special unit that found and confiscated the best material in Nazi-occupied countries, to use for exploitation.[28] In France, the ERR engaged in an extensive and elaborate art looting operation, part of Hitler's much larger premeditated scheme to steal art treasures from conquered nations.[28] The albums were created for Hitler and high-level Nazi officials as a catalogue and, more importantly, to give Hitler a way to choose the art for his art museum, the Führermuseum, which was planned to be built in Austria.[28] A group of these photograph albums was presented to Hitler on his birthday in 1943, to "send a ray of beauty and joy into [his] revered life".[31] ERR staff stated that nearly 100 such volumes were created during the years of their art looting operation.

In November 2007, at a ceremony with Archivist of the United States, Allen Weinstein, Edsel announced the discovery of the first two photograph albums and, separately, donated the albums to the National Archives.[28] Weinstein called the discovery "one of the most significant finds related to Hitler's premeditated theft of art and other cultural treasures to be found since the Nuremberg trials".[32]

The Murillo Paintings

Based in part on the research of the foundation, it was established in 2009 that two paintings on display at Southern Methodist University's Meadows Museum,[33] created by Spanish master Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1618–1682) were stolen from the Rothschild family in Paris in 1941.[34][35] The paintings are of Seville's two patron saints, Saint Justa and Saint Rufina, and are estimated to be worth more than US$10 million.[34][36]

The foundation's research confirmed the existence of ERR cards for both paintings. ERR cards were a crucial part of the Nazi cataloguing system of looted works and are evidence that the paintings were indeed taken as part of the Third Reich's systematic looting process.[34] The Nazi ERR code is still visible on the stretcher of Saint Justa, while it appears to have been rubbed off from the same position on the stretcher of Saint Rufina.[34][37] The discovery was covered by the Dallas Morning News and other notable outlets.[38][39][40] Edsel noted that University and museum officials had "publicly acknowledged the correct provenance of these two paintings by Murillo, and more importantly, have now, by recognizing the Nazi theft of the artwork on the museum's website, contemporaneously endorsed the 'best practices' guidelines of both the American Association of Museums (AAM) and the Association of Art Museum Directors (AAMD)."[36][35]

Hitler's Tapestry

On December 16, 2016, the foundation, in conjunction with Dr Nick Mueller and the National World War II Museum, facilitated the return to Germany of a 16th-century Burgundian tapestry, referred to as "Hitler's Tapestry", that once hung in Adolf Hitler's Kehlsteinhaus or Eagle's Nest, in Berchtesgaden, Germany.[41][42]

Edsel first saw the tapestry in the National World War II Museum in New Orleans, where it had been donated by Cathy Hinz, the daughter Lt. Col. Paul Danahy of the 101st Airborne.[43] In collaboration with the museum and Hinz, Edsel and his team established that Danahy had removed the tapestry from the Eagle's Nest and subsequently sent it home as a souvenir where it hung in the family dining room.[44]

Further research by the foundation's team located Konrad Bernheimer, the grandson of the Jewish, Munich-based art dealer who sold the tapestry to Hitler's architect in 1938.[45] Bernheimer told Edsel directly that he believed its sale was not forced as the full price was paid.[44][46] Thomas R. Kline, a Washington D.C.-based attorney who specializes in art restitution, advised the foundation on the case and said multiple factors can go into determining if a sale was forced.[47] Kline suggested that some Jewish gallery owners decided to sell collections for fear the Nazis would inevitably confiscate the works if they refused to sell.[48] Since Bernheimer ultimately made no claim to the tapestry, it was returned to the Bavarian National Museum, the official heir to property once owned by Hitler, Göring, and the Nazi Party.[43][44]

Awards

National Humanities Medal

Edsel with President George W. Bush and four Monuments Men

The Monuments Men and Women Foundation is one of the recipients of the 2007 National Humanities Medals.[49] The award cited it for "sustained efforts to recognize the contributions of the scholar-soldiers of the Second World War".[50] The award was presented by the 43rd president of the United States, George W. Bush.[51][52][53][54]

The Foundation's good work helps commemorate the Monuments Men's efforts to rescue and preserve priceless artworks during World War II.

— President George W. Bush[55]

Congressional Gold Medal

The Foundation worked with officials from the United States Mint and their team of artists on the design of the Congressional Gold Medal.

The Monuments Men and Women received the Congressional Gold Medal on October 22, 2015, after President Barack Obama signed the initial bill in June 2014.[56][57] Speaker of the House, John Boehner served as the Master of Ceremony at the event which took place in Washington D.C. Additional speakers at the event included then Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, Monuments Man Harry Ettlinger, Monuments Woman Motoko Fujishiro Huthwaite and Robert M. Edsel.[58][59]

The foundation worked alongside officials from the United States Mint and their team of artists on the design of the Congressional Gold Medal honouring the Monuments Men Foundation; featuring a quote from General Eisenhower.[16]

Monuments Men and Women Museum Network

The foundation launched the Monuments Men and Women Museum Network in 2021.[60] The international network was created to recognize the pre and postwar contributions of the Monuments Men and Women, who influenced the growth and success of member institutions.[61]

United States

Europe and the United Kingdom

Australia and New Zealand

Film

Main article: The Monuments Men

The 2014 film The Monuments Men is loosely based on the non-fiction book The Monuments Men by Robert Edsel and Bret Witter.[12][62] It follows an Allied group from the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program who are tasked with finding and saving pieces of art and other culturally important items before Nazis destroy them during World War II after the "Nero Decree".[63] The film stars an ensemble cast including George Clooney, Matt Damon, Bill Murray, John Goodman, Jean Dujardin, Bob Balaban, Hugh Bonneville, and Cate Blanchett.[12] A formal portrait was taken of the cast with Robert M. Edsel and Monuments Man Harry Ettlinger as part of the film's promotional material.[64]

References

  1. ^ "Monuments Men Foundation". RobertEdsel. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023.
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