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Monocular O, binocular O, double monocular O and multiocular O are rare glyph variants of Cyrillic letter O. In 2007, they were proposed for inclusion into Unicode.[1]
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Transcription
Monocular O
Monocular O (Capital: Ꙩ, minuscule: ꙩ) is one of the rare glyph variants of Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant was used in certain manuscripts in the root word ꙩко (eye),[1] and also in some other functions, for example, in the word- and syllable-initial position. It is used in some late birchbark letters of the 14th and 15th centuries, where it is usually differentiated from a regular о, used after consonants, also by width, being a broad On (ѻ) with a dot inside.
It resembles the Latin letter for the bilabial click (ʘ), and the Gothic letter Hwair (𐍈). It was proposed for inclusion into Unicode in 2007 alongside the Binocular O, Double monocular O, and Multiocular O,[1] and was incorporated as characters U+A668 (majuscule) and U+A669 (minuscule) in Unicode version 5.1 (2008).[2]
Binocular O
Binocular O (majuscule: Ꙫ, minuscule: ꙫ) is one of the exotic glyph variants of Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant can be found in certain manuscripts in the plural or dual forms of the root word eye, like Ꙫчи.[3]
A similar jocular glyph (called "double-dot wide O") has been suggested as a phonetic symbol for the "nasal-ingressive velar trill", a paralinguistic impression of a snort, due to the graphic resemblance to a pig snout.[4]
Computing encodings
Preview | Ꙫ | ꙫ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR O | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 42602 | U+A66A | 42603 | U+A66B |
UTF-8 | 234 153 170 | EA 99 AA | 234 153 171 | EA 99 AB |
Numeric character reference | Ꙫ |
Ꙫ |
ꙫ |
ꙫ |
Double monocular O
Double monocular O (uppercase: Ꙭ, lowercase: ꙭ) is one of the exotic glyph variants of the Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant can be found in certain manuscripts in the plural or dual forms of the word eye, for example ꙭчи "[two] eyes". They were incorporated into Unicode as characters U+A66C[5] and U+A66D[6] in Unicode version 5.1 (2008).
Multiocular O
Multiocular O (ꙮ) is a rare glyph variant of the Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant can be found in a single 15th century manuscript, in the Old Church Slavonic phrase "серафими многоꙮчитїй" (abbreviated "мн҇оꙮчитїй") (serafimi mnogoočitii, "many-eyed seraphim"). It was documented by Yefim Karsky[7] in 1928 in a copy of the Book of Psalms[8] (back of page 244) from around 1429, now found in the collection[9] of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius.
It is most likely that Multiocular O was a result of a writer’s attempt at depicting how many eyes the seraphim they were describing had.[citation needed]
The character was proposed for inclusion into Unicode in 2007[10] and incorporated as character U+A66E in Unicode version 5.1 (2008).[11] The representative glyph had seven eyes and sat on the baseline. However, in 2021, following a tweet highlighting the character,[12] it came to linguist Michael Everson's attention that the character in the 1429 manuscript was actually made up of ten eyes. After a 2022 proposal to change the character to reflect this, it was updated later that year for Unicode 15.0 to have ten eyes and to extend below the baseline.[13][14] However, not all fonts support the ten-eyed variant as of April 2024.
Double O
Double O (Ꚙ ꚙ) is a variant of the letter О in the Cyrillic script. It is found in some early Old Church Slavonic manuscripts, where it is used in place of ⟨О⟩ in двꚙе "two", ꚙбо "both", ꚙбанадесять "twelve", and двꚙюнадесять "twelve".[15] The Cyrillic "double O" looks similar to the Latin-script double-o ligature: ⟨ꝏ⟩.
Crossed O
Crossed O (Ꚛ ꚛ) is a variant of the Cyrillic letter O but with the addition of a cross.
Crossed O is used in the Old Church Slavonic language. The crossed o is primarily used in the word ꚛкрест (around, in the region of) in early Slavonic manuscripts,[16] whose component крест means 'cross'.
See also
- Cyrillic script in Unicode
- Broad On
- Omega (Cyrillic)
- ʘ : Latin letter ʘ
- 𐍈 : Gothic letter Hwair
- Dotted zero
References
- ^ a b c Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; et al. (2007-03-21). "Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). p. 4. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ "Unicode Database - Derived Age". 2021-07-10. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; Derzhanski, Ivan; Dorosh, Vladislav; Kryukov, Alexej; Paliga, Sorin; Ruppel, Klaas (2007-03-21). "Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3194R, UTC L2/07-003R.
- ^ "SpecGram—"Double-Dot Wide O / Nasal-Ingressive Voiceless Velar Trill"—by J–––– J––––––—Reviewed by Jonathan van der Meer". specgram.com.
- ^ "Unicode Character "Ꙭ" (U+A66C)".
- ^ "Unicode Character "ꙭ" (U+A66D)".
- ^ Карский, Ефим (1979). Славянская кирилловская палеография. Moscow. p. 197.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Рукопись 308. Псалтирь. напис. 1429 (?) года". folio 243v. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Славянские рукописи — Главная библиотека". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; et al. (2007-03-21). "Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
- ^ Compart AG (2018). "Unicode Character "ꙮ" (U+A66E)". Archived from the original on 2018-08-04. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
- ^ @etiennefd on Twitter (2020-10-31). "Happy Halloween! I feel like I have to talk about something scary.[…]". Retrieved 2022-11-02.
- ^ "Cyrillic Extended-B; Range: A640–A69F" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-02-13.
- ^ Everson, Michael. "Proposal to revise the glyph of CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-22. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ^ "Proposal to Encode Some Outstanding Early Cyrillic Characters in Unicode" (PDF). 25 February 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
- ^ Shardt, Yuri; Simmons, Nikita; Andreev, Aleksandr (2011-02-25). Proposal to Encode Some Outstanding Early Cyrillic Characters in Unicode (PDF) (Report). Unicode Consortium. p. 1. L2/10-394R. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
The crossed o is primarily used in the word окрест (around, in the region of) in early Slavonic manuscripts.