During the International Military Tribunal, 37 witnesses testified for the prosecution and 83 for the defense.[1]
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Rudolf Hoess, former Auschwitz commandant, testifying at the Nuremberg trial, April 15, 1946
Transcription
Prosecution witnesses
| Name | Date | Role | Called by | Testified about | Relevant to defendants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erwin Lahousen | 30 November | Abwehr general and 20 July plotter | United States | Conspiracy to commit crimes against peace | Ribbentrop, Keitel, and others[2] |
| Otto Ohlendorf | 3 January[3] | Einsatzgruppen commander | United States | The murder of 80,000 people by those under his command[4][5] | SS, High Command, and the SD[3] |
| Dieter Wisliceny | 3 January | Eichmann's subordinate | United States | [6] | |
| Walter Schellenberg | 4 January | SS intelligence officer | United States | Einsatzgruppen | [6] |
| Alois Hollriege | 4 January | Mauthausen guard | United States | murder of prisoners | von Schirach and Kaltenbrunner[7] |
| Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski | 7 January[8] | SS general | United States | German anti-partisan warfare, related killings of civilians[4][5] | High Command of the Wehrmacht[8] |
| Franz Blaha | 11 January | Czech doctor and survivor of Dachau concentration camp | United States | Nazi human experimentation[9] | |
| Maurice Lampe | 25 January | French resistance member, survivor of Mauthausen concentration camp | France | [10] | |
| Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier | 28 January | French resistance member | France | what she had seen during the three years she spent in Auschwitz concentration camp[11][12] | |
| Francisco Boix | 28 January | Spanish photographer, survivor of Mauthausen concentration camp | France[13] | Albert Speer's visit to Mauthausen, among other things | Speer[14] |
| Hans Cappelen | 28 January | Norwegian lawyer, concentration camp survivor | France | [15] | |
| Leo van der Essen | 4 February[16] | librarian of the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium) | France | destruction of the library during both world wars[17] | |
| Friedrich von Paulus | 11 February | German field marshal in command at the Battle of Stalingrad | Soviet Union | Crimes against peace[18] | Keitel, Jodl, and Göring were most responsible for the war[19] |
| Erich Buschenhagen | 12 February | German general | Soviet Union | Finland and Germany conspiring to invade the Soviet Union[20] | |
| Joseph Orbeli | 22 February | Soviet Armenian scholar | Soviet Union | siege of Leningrad, damage to Winter Palace[21] | |
| Jacob Grigorev | 26 February | peasant from Pskov (Russia) | Soviet Union | village attacked "for no reason" in October 1943[22] | |
| Eugene Kivelisha | 26 February | Red Army doctor | Soviet Union | German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war[23] | |
| Abraham Sutzkever | 27 February | Yiddish poet from Vilna (Lithuania) | Soviet Union | Vilna Ghetto, Ponary massacre[24][25] | None[24] |
| Seweryna Szmaglewska | 27 February | Polish Auschwitz survivor | Soviet Union | abuse of children[26] | [27] |
| Samuel Rajzman | 27 February | Treblinka survivor | Soviet Union[24][28] | Treblinka extermination camp[26] | None[24] |
| Nikolai Lomakin | 27 February | Russian Orthodox metropolitan | Soviet Union | Siege of Leningrad[29] |
Defense witnesses
| Name | Date | Role | Called by | Testified about | Relevant to defendants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rudolf Höss | 2 April[30] | Commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp | Kurt Kauffmann, counsel for Ernest Kaltenbrunner | Murders at Auschwitz, which Höss estimated at 2 million[31] | |
| Hans Bernd Gisevius[32] | 26 April[33] | German resistance and Abwehr official | Counsel for Hjalmar Schacht and Wilhelm Frick | Schacht, Göring, Keitel and Kaltenbrunner[34][verification needed] |
See also
- Ludwig Grauert, appeared as a defense witness for the SS at the Nuremberg trials
- Albert Hoffmann, testified as a witness against the main Nazi war criminals
- Bernhard Lösener, gave testimony on his discussion with Stuckart regarding the Rumbula massacre in 1941
References
- ^ Priemel 2016, p. 105.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, p. 130.
- ^ a b Hirsch 2020, p. 193.
- ^ a b Douglas 2001, pp. 69–70.
- ^ a b Priemel 2016, pp. 118–119.
- ^ a b Hirsch 2020, p. 194.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, pp. 194–195.
- ^ a b Hirsch 2020, p. 199.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, p. 201.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, pp. 207–208.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, p. 208.
- ^ Douglas 2001, p. 70.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, pp. 208–209.
- ^ Pike 2003, p. 340, fn 40.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, pp. 209–210.
- ^ "Prof. Leo van der Essen at Nuremberg Trial - Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum". collections.ushmm.org. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ Priemel 2016, p. 115.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, pp. 221–222.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, p. 223.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, p. 224.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, p. 233.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, p. 236.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, pp. 236–237.
- ^ a b c d Priemel 2016, p. 119.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, p. 237.
- ^ a b Finder, Gabriel N.; Prusin, Alexander V. (2018-01-01). Justice Behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland. University of Toronto Press. pp. 76–79. ISBN 978-1-4875-2268-1.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, pp. 238–239.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, p. 239.
- ^ Hirsch 2020, pp. 159–160, 239–240.
- ^ "Postwar testimony of Rudolf Höss". encyclopedia.ushmm.org. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ Priemel 2016, p. 129.
- ^ Priemel 2016, pp. 129–130.
- ^ "Gisevius testimony at Nuremberg Trial - Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum". collections.ushmm.org. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ Tusa & Tusa 2010, p. 329.
Works cited
- Douglas, Lawrence (2001). The Memory of Judgment: Making Law and History in the Trials of the Holocaust. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10984-9.
- Hirsch, Francine (2020). Soviet Judgment at Nuremberg: A New History of the International Military Tribunal after World War II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-937795-4.
- Pike, David Wingeate (2003). Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, Horror on the Danube. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-58713-1.
- Priemel, Kim Christian (2016). The Betrayal: The Nuremberg Trials and German Divergence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-256374-3.
- Tusa, Ann; Tusa, John (2010) [1983]. The Nuremberg Trial. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62087-943-6.
This page was last edited on 9 February 2024, at 20:46