Julia Galef | |
|---|---|
 Galef in 2015 | |
| Born | July 4, 1983[citation needed] |
| Education | Columbia University (BA) |
| Era | Contemporary philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Scientific skepticism |
| Institutions | Center for Applied Rationality Committee for Skeptical Inquiry Rationally Speaking |
Main interests | Philosophy of science, applied rationality |
| Website | juliagalef |
Julia Galef (/ˈɡeɪləf/; born July 4, 1983[citation needed]) is an American writer, speaker and co-founder of the Center for Applied Rationality.[1] She hosts Rationally Speaking, the official podcast of New York City Skeptics, which she has done since its inception in 2010, sharing the show with co-host and philosopher Massimo Pigliucci and produced by Benny Pollak until 2015.[2][3]
YouTube Encyclopedic
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Julia Galef: Think Rationally via Bayes' Rule | Big Think
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A visual guide to Bayesian thinking
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Julia Galef: The Sunk Costs Fallacy | Big Think
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Is Bayesian thinking a sham?
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Bayes: How one equation changed the way I think
Transcription
I'd like to introduce you to a particularly powerful paradigm for thinking called Bayes' Rule. Back in the Second World War the then governor of California, Earl Warren, believed that Japanese Americans constituted a grave threat to our national security. And as he was testifying as much to Congress, someone brought up the fact that, you know, we haven't seen any signs of subterfuge from the Japanese American community. And Warren responded that, "Ah, this makes me even more suspicious. This is an even more ominous sign because that indicates that they're probably planning some major secret timed to attack á la Pearl Harbor. And this convinces me even more that the Japanese Americans are a threat." So this pattern of reasoning is what sustains most conspiracy theories. You see signs of a cover up -- well, that just proves that I was right all along about the cover up. You don't see signs of a cover up, well that just proves that the cover up runs even deeper than we previously suspected. Bayes' Rule is provably the best way to think about evidence. In other words, Bayes' Rule is a formalization of how to change your mind when you learn new information about the world or have new experiences. And I don't think that the math behind -- the math of Bayes' Rule is crucial to getting benefit out of it in your own reasoning or decision making. In fact, there are plenty of people who use Bayes' Rule on a daily basis in their jobs -- statisticians and scientists for example. But then when they leave the lab and go home, they think like non-Bayesians just like the rest of us. So what's really important is internalizing the intuitions behind Bayes' Rule and some of the general reasoning principles that fall out of the math. And being able to use those principles in your own reasoning. After you've been steeped in Bayes' Rule for a little while, it starts to produce some fundamental changes to your thinking. For example, you become much more aware that your beliefs are grayscale, they're not black and white. That you have levels of confidence in your beliefs about how the world works that are less than one hundred percent but greater than zero percent. And even more importantly, as you go through the world and encounter new ideas and new evidence, that level of confidence fluctuates as you encounter evidence for and against your beliefs. Also I think that many people, certainly including myself, have this default way of approaching the world in which we have our preexisting beliefs and we go through the world and we pretty much stick to our beliefs unless we encounter evidence that's so overwhelmingly inconsistent with our beliefs about the world that it forces us to change our minds and, you know, adopt a new theory of how the world works. And sometimes even then we don't do it. So the implicit question that I'm asking myself that people ask themselves as they go through the world is when I see new evidence, can this be explained with my theory. And if yes, then we stop there. But, after you've got some familiarity with Bayes' Rule what you start doing is instead of stopping after asking yourself can this evidence be explained with my own pet theory, you also ask well, would it be explained better with some other theory or maybe just as well with some other theory. Is this actually evidence for my theory.
Biography
Galef was born in 1983 in Maryland into a Jewish family.[citation needed] She received a BA in statistics from Columbia University. In 2010 she joined the board of directors of the New York City Skeptics.[4] She co-founded and became president of the nonprofit Center for Applied Rationality in 2012. The organization also gives workshops to train people to internalize and use strategies based on the principles of rationality on a more regular basis to improve their reasoning and decision-making skills and achieve goals.[5][6] She was elected a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry in 2015.[7]
Popularization of rationality research
In 2009, Galef began co-hosting the Rationally Speaking Podcast with the philosopher of science Massimo Pigliucci.[5] Their first episode was released on February 1, 2010. The show has hosted conversations with public intellectuals such as Neil deGrasse Tyson, Lawrence Krauss, James Randi, and Peter Singer.
Galef frequently speaks on rationality and moderates debates at skeptic conferences.[8][9] She gives public lectures to organizations including the Center for Inquiry and the Secular Student Alliance.[10] From 2010 to 2015, she was a speaker for the Northeast Conference on Science and Skepticism.[11][12]
Galef began writing the blog Measure of Doubt in 2011 with her brother,[13] as well as writing for Religion Dispatches[14] and Scientific American.[15] Since April 2015 she has been the sole host of the Rationally Speaking podcast.[16] Galef's activities as a writer, podcaster and president of the Center for Applied Rationality are mentioned by The Atlantic,[17] The Verge,[18] and NPR.[19]
In 2014, she wrote several articles and recorded several short videos for Big Think, some of which are part of the Big Think Mentor's workshops.[20][21] Subsequent to her exposure with Big Think as an expert on the topic of rationality, she was interviewed in 2014 by Forbes,[22] Fast Company,[23] and The Wall Street Journal.[24] In particular her idea of keeping a "surprise journal" received attention, which is one of the techniques Galef uses to record incidents where her expectations were wrong, in order to recognize personal faulty assumptions that expose and counterweight the "bias blind spot". According to Galef, it can be easier to adjust internalized beliefs by framing the new evidence as a surprise.[23][25]
In February 2016, Galef delivered a TED talk on, "Why you think you're right — even if you're wrong", encouraging critical self-skepticism and prioritizing coming to the correct viewpoint using "scout mindset" instead of working to ensure your current viewpoint is seen as correct with a "soldier mindset".[26] The talk was covered by National Public Radio's TED Radio Hour in November 2016.[27]
In 2021, her first book The Scout Mindset: Why Some People See Things Clearly and Others Don't was published by Penguin.[28][29]
Ideas on rationality
Julia Galef often explains common confusions and popular misconceptions of rationality. Frequently she distinguishes Richard Foley's[30] concept of "epistemic rationality" from Max Weber's "instrumental rationality". She describes epistemic rationality as a way of reasoning according to logic and the principles of probability theory to form beliefs and conclusions. In contrast, she describes instrumental rationality as a decision-making process in which people choose the action that maximizes their expected utility, whatever their goals are.[5]
Galef discussed the concept of Straw Vulcan, originally coined by the website TV Tropes,[31] to describe the incorrect perception about rationality as a way of thinking that denies emotions such as love and lacks appreciations for beauty. It refers to the fictional character Spock (a half-Vulcan) in Star Trek, who is often seen to exemplify this caricature of rationality. Galef argues that, given the gross irrationality Spock has seen in humans, his failure to adjust his expectations about humans' ability to make rational decisions is itself a case of irrationality.[31] In 2011, Galef gave a talk on this subject at Skepticon.[non-primary source needed]
References
- ^ Matsakis, Louise (May 17, 2016). "The 'Rationality' Workshop That Teaches People to Think More Like Computers". Motherboard. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
- ^ Pigliucci, Massimo (December 2, 2009). "Podcast Teaser: Why rationality?". Psychology Today (blog). Retrieved March 3, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Pigliucci, Massimo (2012). Answers for Aristotle: How Science and Philosophy Can Lead Us to a More Meaningful Life. Basic Books. p. 289. ISBN 9780465021383.
- ^ "Julia Galef joins NYC Skeptics Board of Directors". New York City Skeptics. August 11, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ a b c Stiefel, Todd; Metskas, Amanda K. (May 22, 2013). "Julia Galef". The Humanist Hour. Episode 083. The Humanist. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
- ^ Colanduno, Derek (October 8, 2013). "Just Apply Rationality – Interview: Julia Galef". Skepticality. Episode 216. Skeptic Magazine. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ "Ten Distinguished Scientists and Scholars Named Fellows of Committee for Skeptical Inquiry". Skeptical Inquirer. 39 (6). 2015. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015.
- ^ "Julia Galef – Skepticon 5". YouTube. Hambone Productions. November 30, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
- ^ Bruno Van de Casteele (February 1, 2015). "A Passion for Science and Reason". Skeptoid. Brian Dunning. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
- ^ "Moderating Discussion :: Secular Student Alliance 2010 Annual Conference". YouTube. Secular Student Alliance. September 3, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
- ^ "NECSS SPEAKERS". NECSS. Northeast Conference on Science and Skepticism. Archived from the original on April 23, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
- ^ "Speakers". necss. Northeast Conference on Science and Skepticism. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
- ^ "New Rationality Blog: 'Measure of Doubt'". LessWrong. April 1, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ "Julia Galef". Religion Dispatches. Archived from the original on June 4, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2015. Archived from religiondispatches.org/contributors/juliagalef/
- ^ "Stories by Julia Galef". Scientific American. Archived from the original on March 14, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2015. Archived from scientificamerican.com/author.cfm?id=3125
- ^ "RS131 – James Randi on Being An Honest Liar". Rationally Speaking. April 5, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
- ^ Benfield, Kaid (September 13, 2011). "The Legacy of 9/11 for Community and the Built Environment". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ Popper, Ben (October 22, 2012). "Rapture of the nerds: will the Singularity turn us into gods or end the human race?". The Verge. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ Lombrozo, Tania (December 8, 2014). "What If Atheists Were Defined By Their Actions?". NPR. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ "Make Better Decisions: Redefining "Giving Up"". Big Think. 2014. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
- ^ Gots, Jason (2013). "What if Neil deGrasse Tyson Were Your Mentor?". Big Think. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
- ^ Kade, Allison (January 28, 2014). "6 Times We Betray Our Budgets (And Clever Ways To Stop)". Forbes. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ a b Segran, Elizabeth (September 23, 2014). "A new technique for creating more aha-moments: The Surprise Journal". Fast Company. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ Chen, Angela (January 1, 2014). "More Rational Resolutions". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ Galef, Julia (January 2, 2015). "Surprise!". Slate. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ Galef, Julia (June 29, 2016). "Why you think you're right — even if you're wrong". TED. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
- ^ "Are We Wrong To Think We're Right?". NPR. November 4, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
- ^ Shermer, Michael (April 13, 2021). "'The Scout Mindset' Review: How to 'Update' Beliefs". Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Wallace, Benjamin (April 13, 2021). "The Tech Elite's Favorite Pop Intellectual". Intelligencer.
- ^ Foley, R. (2014) [1987]. "1. Epistemic Rationality". The Theory of Epistemic Rationality. Harvard University Press. pp. 6–8. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674334236. ISBN 978-0-674-33423-6. OCLC 1154243739.
- ^ a b Galef, Julia (April 2013). "Debunking Straw Vulcan Rationality". Big Think. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
External links
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This page was last edited on 8 December 2023, at 18:54