Holden 48-215

Holden 48-215 Holden 50-2106

Overview
Manufacturer	Holden
Also called	Holden, Holden FX (unofficial)
Production	November 1948–September 1953
Assembly	Pagewood, New South Wales^[1] Fortitude Valley, Queensland^[1] Birkenhead, South Australia^[1] Mosman Park, Western Australia^[1] Woodville, South Australia^[1] Fishermans Bend, Victoria
Designer	Frank Mathwin
Body and chassis
Class	Mid-size
Body style	4-door sedan (48-215) 2-door coupe utility (50-2106)
Layout	Front-engine, rear-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine	132 cu in (2,171 cc) GMH '132' I6
Transmission	3-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	103 in (2,620 mm)
Length	172 in (4,370 mm)
Width	66.9 in (1,699 mm)
Height	61.8 in (1,570 mm)
Curb weight	2,230 lb (1,010 kg)
Chronology
Successor	Holden FJ

The Holden 48-215 is a mid-size sedan which was produced by the Australian automaker Holden between November 1948 and October 1953. A coupe utility derivative, coded as the 50-2106 and marketed as the Holden Coupe Utility, was produced from January 1951. The name reflects the year of introduction ('48) and the size of the engine, at 2.15 liters.^[2]

The 48-215 was the first model from General Motors in Australia to bear the Holden name.^[3] In mainstream parlance, the official name of "Holden 48-215" was eschewed in favour of the shortened "Holden" designation. Following the replacement of the first Holden, the 48-215 gained the unofficial nickname of Holden FX. This designation was first used in the Drawing Office at GM-H in 1952 as an unofficial means of distinguishing between early 48-215 vehicles with front suspension using lever-action shock absorbers, and those with the new telescopic shock absorber front suspension introduced in 1953 - the term "FX" was pencilled onto a parts list for the new suspension components.^[4] The title "FX" later came into use in used car advertisements to describe models with the later suspension, first being used by Melbourne dealer Reg Smith Motors in two advertisements in the 10 February 1960 issue of The Age.^[5] Use of the term "FX" gradually spread to cover all 48-215 and 50-2106 vehicles, although the term has never been used by Holden in any official manner.

The design was originally conceived in the United States by Chevrolet,^[6] but was not used because it was deemed too small for the U.S. market as it developed after the war. Instead the design became the basis of only the 48-215 model. Its American origins are quite apparent, as it closely resembles Chevrolets of the period that did make it to production, particularly the Fleetline Aerosedan and the second generation Deluxe. Development of the 48-215 began in 1944.

Five prototypes

Three prototypes were built by hand in 1946 by American and Australian engineers at the General Motors workshop in Detroit. Months of durability and performance testing were undergone in the US before the three prototypes were shipped to Australia. Prototype number one was first registered (as a Chevrolet) in Victoria as JP-480 on 12 February 1947.^[7] It survives as part of the National Museum of Australia collection. Prototypes two and three were registered at the same time as JP-481 and JP-482.

A further two prototypes were built in Australia; the first was registered as KJ-400. Owned by Australian businessman Peter Briggs between 1980 and 2013, the car's value was estimated to be worth over A$1 million when it was put up for auction in the Motorclassica auction Melbourne, in October 2013.^[8] The second Australian-built prototype was registered as KY-442. All five prototypes were registered as Chevrolets.

Only two were used for photographic purposes. They were:^[7]

Prototype No.1, JP-480, dark colour—Seine Blue (not Cadillac Blue)
Prototype No.4, KY-442, light colour—Gawler Cream.

In the absence of an established supplier base in Australia for auto-making, new forging facilities had to be set up for producing crankshafts and a new foundry was set up for major castings.^[9] In order to hasten the project to production some simplifications were incorporated.^[9] There were no direction indicators, there was no provision for heating or demisting, and at the rear there was only a single, centrally positioned, tail lamp.^[9] Because of the mild climate in most of the populated areas of the country, it was found possible to save weight and cost by using a relatively small 6-volt 11-plate battery.^[9] Interior trim was minimised: weight reduction was pursued "with great vigour" and, in view of the 2,247 lb (1,019 kg) weight in "running trim", a success.^[9]

Ten pilot cars

1948 timeline

April, the production plant at Woodville, South Australia, begins tooling up to make the bodies. These would be identical to the prototypes. (Body number one, painted black, did not become pilot car number one). Also work begins on the engine assembly line at Fishermans Bend.
1 September, the decision is made to call the car Holden.
25 September, engine number 1001 is started up.
30 September, pilot car number one is completed in the evening. (There was no celebration, as GMH did not designate this vehicle as No. 1 Holden—it came to be known as Old Number One).
19 October, pilot car number one is registered as MG-501.^[7]

Production overview

All four Holden colours were represented:^[7]

Pilot car No.	Colour	Serial No.	Engine No.	Registration No.
1	Gawler Cream (Body No. six)	8-1001-M	1001	MG-501
2	Black	8-1002-M	1002	MG-502
3	Black	8-1003-M	1003	MG-503
4	Black	8-1004-M	1004	MG-504
5	Black	8-1005-M	1005	MG-505
6	Seine Blue	8-1006-M	1006	MG-506
7	Convoy Grey	8-1007-M	1007	MG-507
8	Black	8-1008-M	1008	MG-508
9	Black	8-1009-M	1009	MG-509
10	Black	8-1010-M	1010	MG-510

These ten cars were used for testing. Three of them went to the Engineering Department, five went to Manufacturing, one went to the General Sales Manager, and one went to the managing director, H.E. Bettle.^[7]

Volume production

When all departments were satisfied with the car, volume production began. The race was now on to ensure Holden dealers in all states had cars on their showroom floors before unveiling day. Black bodies dominated the early roll-out but GMH made sure that each capital city also received examples of cream, blue, and grey. Ultimately, 68 Holdens were distributed to the capital cities before unveiling day.^[10]

On Sunday, 21 November, an Open Day was held to exhibit the entire factory (including the high-security design rooms) and the car itself. But this special preview was not for the public or the dealers—it was for the Fishermans Bend employees and their families (GMH estimated that 12,000 guests attended). There were partly assembled cars at various stages along the assembly line as well as finished cars for the guests to inspect.^[10]

The official launch for Victorian dealers was held at the Oriental Hotel in Melbourne on Friday, 26 November.^[10]

Unveiling

The official unveiling by Prime Minister Ben Chifley commenced at 2:30 pm on Monday, 29 November 1948, in the Fishermans Bend Social Hall. The 400 guests applauded when silver curtains parted to reveal a cream Holden, in a black velvet setting and sparkling under spotlights, as an orchestra played Brahms' Waltz in A-flat. The celebrations at the plant were attended by 1,200 official guests.^[10] The Holden was released for sale to the public at Port Melbourne, Victoria. The car was marketed simply as the Holden, without a model name.^[11] It had a 132.5 cu in (2,171 cc) cast-iron straight six engine which produced 60 hp (45 kW), connected to a three-speed manual transmission. It managed the 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) sprint in 18.7 or 27.7 seconds.^[6]^[12] Sources differ. It also had a dust proof body, and a small 37 ft (11.3 m) turning circle.^[12]^[13]

The 50-2106 coupe utility, based on the 48-215 sedan, was released in January 1951^[14] and in July 1953 the Holden "Business Sedan", essentially a taxi version of the 48-215, was added to the range.^[15] Originally referred to as the 48-215-257, the Business Sedan was renamed 48-217.^[16] The 48-215 and 50-2106 models were replaced by the Holden FJ series in 1953.^[17]

The first Holden 48-215 sedan off the production line.
Front cover of the sales brochure for the Holden 48-215. The car was marketed simply as the "Holden".
Holden 50-2106 Coupé Utility
Queensland launch of the vehicle, 1948

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ed's Eh Premier Build^{[permanent dead link]}. Retrieved 23 August 2011
^ "1949 Holden 48-215". Bunbury Motor Museum. Bunbury, WA.
^ Davis, Tony; Kennedy, Alistair; Kennedy, Ewan (February 2007). "The Holden Heritage - 13th Edition (Part One)" (PDF). GM Holden. pp. 38–39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2007.
^ Bryce, Warwick. "The Real 'FX' Holden - Origin of the Nickname".
^ "The Age". The Age. 10 February 1960. p. 34, column 5. Retrieved 17 February 2020 – via Google_News_Archive.
^ ^a ^b Willson, Quentin (1995). The Ultimate Classic Car Book. DK Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-7894-0159-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Magazine "Restored Cars Australia" Number 106 Sept-Oct 1994, Page 14, article "THE 48-215 HOLDEN PART ONE"
^ Cockington, James (23 October 2013). "Australia's first Holden offered for sale at $1m". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Holden Saloon (road test)". Autocar. 2 December 1948.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Magazine "Restored Cars Australia" Number 107 Nov-Dec 1994, Page 16, article "THE 48-215 HOLDEN PART TWO"
^ Terry Bebbington & Michel A. Malk, 45 years of Holden, 1994, page 14
^ ^a ^b "Holden 48/215 FX Technical Specifications". Unique Cars & Parts. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
^ Holden General Motors New Australian Car. Australia: General Motors. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
^ The Holden Heritage, Eight Edition
^ Tony Davis, Aussie Cars (1987), Page 64
^ Loffler, Don (2010) [2002], The FJ Holden: a favourite Australian car (PDF) (Revised ed.), Kent Town, SA: Wakefield Press, p. 4, ISBN 9781862548916
^ Darwin, Norm (2002), 100 Years of GM in Australia, H@nd Publishing, p. 225, ISBN 9780646414768