The Galerie des Batailles (French: [ɡalʁi de bataj]; English: "Gallery of Battles") is a gallery occupying the first floor of the Aile du Midi of the Palace of Versailles, joining onto the grand and petit appartement de la reine. 120 m (390 ft) long and 13 m (43 ft) wide, it is an epigone of the grand gallery of the Louvre and was intended to glorify French military history from the Battle of Tolbiac (traditionally dated 496) to the Battle of Wagram (5–6 July 1809).
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Transcription
History
The gallery was a major component of the Musée de l'Histoire de France created by Louis-Philippe I. It replaced apartments which had been occupied in the 17th and 18th centuries by
- Louis XIV's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans and his second wife, Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
- Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (regent during Louis XV's minority) and his wife
- the regent's son Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans
- Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1731–1767) as dauphine
- Charles X of France, whilst comte d'Artois
- Princess Élisabeth of France
The architects Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine[1] and Frédéric Nepveu created a solemn decorative scheme for it, with a wide cornice supporting a coffered painted ceiling with entablatures supported by Corinthian columns along the length of the gallery. 13 bronze tablets on the wall are inscribed with the names of princes, admirals, constables, marshals and warriors killed or wounded whilst fighting for France. There are also busts placed on supports against the columns and between the paintings.
The main contents of the rooms, however, were envisaged as the vast paintings showing major military events in French history, some already in existence but mostly specially commissioned for the Galerie. While a number of them were of questionable quality, a few masterpieces, such as the Battle of Taillebourg by Eugène Delacroix, were displayed here.
List of busts and paintings
Numbers correspond to floor plan.
- Henri LXI, prince de Reuss-Schleiz, général de brigade in French service (1784–1813). Artist : Charles-François Lebœuf.
- Battle of Tolbiac, won by Clovis I over the Alamanni in 496. Artist : Ary Scheffer (1795–1858). 4.15m by 4.65m
- Robert d'Artois, son of Otto IV and Mahaut d'Artois (died 1317). Artist : Jean-Jacques Flatters (1786–1845).
- Commemorative tablet at the north end of the galerie.
- Commemorative tablet at the north end of the galerie.
- Alexandre-Antoine Hureau, comte de Sénarmont, général de division (1732–1810). Artist : Antoine Laurent Dantan the Elder (1798–1878).
- César Charles Étienne, comte Gudin, général de division (1768–1812). Artist : Louis-Denis Caillouette (1790–1868) (also spelled Caillouet or Cailhouët).
- Walter VI of Brienne, Duke of Athens, constable of France in 1356 (died 1356). Artist : Justin-Marie Lequien (1796–1882).
- Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (c 1311–1356). Artist : Louis-Eugène Bion (1807–1860).
- Antoine Louis Charles, comte Lasalle, général de division (1775–1809). Artist : after Auguste Taunay (1768–1824).
- Jean-Baptiste Cervoni, général de division (1765–1809). Artist : after Pietro Cardelli (1776–1822).
- Nicolas-Bernard, général-baron Guiot de Lacour, général de division (1771–1809). Mortally wounded at Wagram (wearing the cross of the Légion d'honneur and the cross of the Military Order of St. Henry of Saxony). Artist : Jean-Baptiste Joseph Debay, le Fils (1802–1862)
- André Bruno de Frévol, comte de La Coste, général de brigade (1775–1809). After : Claude Michel (known as Clodion) (1738–1814).
- Claude-Louis-Constant Corbineau, général de brigade (1772–1807). Artist : Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire (1798–1880).
- Jacques Desjardin, général de division (1759–1807) (killed at the battle of Eylau). Artist:Antoine Laurent Dantan, l'Aîné (1798–1878)
- Joseph Sécret Pascal-Vallongue, général de Brigade (1763–1806). Artist : Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Debay, le Père (1779–1863).
- Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy (1433–1477). Artist : Charles-François Lebœuf (1792–1865), Nanteuil, also known as Nanteuil-Lebœuf.
- Prigent de Coëtivy, sire de Coëtivy, Admiral of France. Killed at the siege of Cherbourg (1450).
- Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle, won on 18 August 1304 by Philip the Fair against the Flemish army. Produced : c 1839. Artist : Charles-Philippe Larivière (1798–1876). 4.65m by 5.43 m
- Jacques de Châtillon de Dampierre, Amiral de France. Killed at the battle of Agincourt 1415.
- Count Eudes defending Paris against the Normans in 885, 5.42m by 4.65m, commissioned by Louis-Philippe in 1834, signed "V. Schnetz".
- Charles de Blois, killed at Auray, 1364
- Charlemagne receiving the submission of Widukind, king of the Saxons at Paderborn in 785. Artist : Ary Scheffer (1795–1858) ; 4.65m by 5.42m
- James I, Count of La Marche, constable of France. Killed at the battle of Brignais 1361.
- Louis d’Armagnac, duke of Nemours. Killed at Gérignole. 1503. (Rude)
- Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours. Killed at the battle of Ravenna 1512
- Battle of Cocherel, near Évreux, won by Bertrand du Guesclin over the troops of Charles II of Navarre, 16 May 1364. Artist : Charles-Philippe Larivière (1798–1876). Dated: c 1837. 4.25m by 2.6m
- Pierre du Terrail seigneur de Bayard. Killed at Rebec 1524.
- Guillaume Gouffier de Bonnivet, admiral of France, killed at Pavia, 1525.
- Jacques II de Chabannes de La Palice known as La Palice, marshal of France, killed at Pavia 1525.
- Jean de Bourbon, comte de Soissons. Killed at Saint-Quentin, 1557.
- Raising of the Siege of Orléans by Joan of Arc
- André de Montalembert seigneur d’Essé. Killed at the siege of Terouanne. 1555. (Taley)
- Piero Strozzi. Killed at Thionville. 1553 (Taley)
- Anne, duc de Montmorency, (1572–1567)
- Jacques d'Albon, seigneur de Saint-André, maréchal de France (c 1505–1562). Artist : Jean-François-Théodore Gechter (1796–1844).
- Charles de La Rochefoucauld, comte de Randan.
- Antoine de Bourbon. King of Navarre
- Anne, duc de Joyeuse
- Claude de Loraine, duc d’Aumale
- Entry of Charles VIII into Naples. 12 May 1495.
- Bernard de Nogaret, seigneur de Lavalette, Amiral de France
- Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron. Maréchal de France. Killed at Épernay 1592. Artist: Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Debay, le Père (1779–1863)
- Capture of Calais by Francis, Duke of Guise, on 9 January 1558. Artist : François-Édouard Picot (1786–1868). 4.65m by 5.43 m
- Jean d'Aumont, maréchal de France, killed at Combourg in Brittany, 1595. Artist : Auguste-Alexandre Dumont(1801–1884), known as Auguste or Augustin Dumont
- Henry IV's entry into Paris, 22 March 1594. Artist : François Pascal Simon Gérard(baron) (1770–1837). 5.1m by 9.58 m
- André Baptiste de Brancas, seigneur de Villars, amiral de France, killed at the Siege of Doullens, in 1595. (Victor Thérasse)
- Battle of Rocroi, 19 May 1643, the duc d'Enghien ordering his troops to stop fighting the Spanish, who have come to him to surrender. Artist : François Joseph Heim (1787–1865.)vers 1834, 4.65m by 5.43m
- The Grand Condé at the battle of Lens, 20 August 1648, victory over the Spanish troops commanded by archduke Leopold. Circa 1835, Artist : Jean-Pierre Franque (1774–1860). 4.65m by 5.43m
- Charles de Créquy, maréchal de France, killed before the fort of Breme, 1636. (Davitan the younger)
- Manassès de Pas, marquis de Feuquières. Lieutenant général des armées du roi. Killed at Thionville in 1640. (Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire)
- Jean Baptiste Budes baron de Guébriant. Maréchal de France. Killed at Rothweil, 1643. (Jean-Pierre Cortot)
- Jacques marquis de Castelnau, maréchal de France. Killed at Dunkirk in 1653.
- Jean de Gassion Maréchal de France. Killed at Lens in 1647.
- Capture of Valenciennes, 17 March 1677. "Louis XIV", oil on canvas, dated "1837", the year it was commissioned by Louis-Philippe; 4.65m by 4.15m
- François, Duke of Beaufort. Admiral of France. Killed at the Siege of Candia in 1669 (Mercier)
- Henri de La Tour d’Auvergne vicomte de Turenne. Maréchal de France. Killed near Sasbach in 1675 (Flatter)
- Pierre Claude Berbier du Metz, lieutenant général des armées du roi. Killed at the battle of Fleurus, 1690 (François Jouffroy)
- Nicolas de la Brousse comte de Vertillac. Maréchal des camps et armées du roi. Killed near Bossu. 1693. (Lescorné)
- Charles Paris d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville. Killed during the Rhine crossing in 1672. (François Jouffroy)
- Jean-Baptiste Cassagnet marquis de Tilladet, lieutenant général des armées du roi. Killed at Steenkerque en 1692. (Debay)
- Battle of Marsaglia, won by Nicolas Catinat over the Piedmontese troops of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia assisted by Prince Eugene of Savoy, on 4 October 1693. Artist : Devéria Eugène (1805–1865). Date : 1837 ; 4.65m by 5.43m
- Béat Jacques de la Tour Chatillon comte de Zurlauben. Lieutenant général des armées du roi. Killed at Hochstett in 1704. (François Jouffroy)
- Battle of Villaviciosa won by Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme over count Guido Starhemberg on 10 December 1710. Artist : Jean Alaux, known as Le Romain (1786–1864) Date : 1836. 4.65m by 5.43m
- Ferdinand, comte de Marsin, maréchal de France. Killed at Turin. 1706 (Jouffroy)
- James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, marshal (1671–1734) Artist : Antoine-Laurent Dantan, the Elder (1798–1878)
- Louis Joseph de Saint Véran, marquis de Montcalm. Lieutenant général des armées du roi. Killed at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759. (Francisque Duret)
- Siege of Yorktown. général Rochambeau and George Washington give the final orders to attack. October 1781
- Pierre-François, Marquess of Rougé. Lieutenant général des armées du roi. Killed at Villinghausen in 1761 (L. Debay)
- Jacques Christophe Coquille Dugommier. Commander in chief. Killed at the Battle of the Black Mountain. 1794 (Antoine-Denis Chaudet)
- Amédée Emmanuel François Laharpe. Général de division. Killed in the crossing of the River Po. 1796. (Félix Lecomte)
- Jean Gilles André Robert, général de brigade. Killed at the Battle of Arcole in 1796. (Gois fils)
- Martial Beyrand, général de brigade. Killed at Castiglione in 1796. (Corbet)
- Charles Abattucci. Général de division. Killed at Huningue. 1796. (Dubray)
- Siege of Yorktown
- Jean-Jacques Causse. Général de brigade. Killed at Dego. 1796. (E. Dumont)
- Pierre Banel. Général de Brigade. Killed at Cossaria. 1796. (Lorenzo Bartolini)
- Louis Marie de Caffarelli du Falga. Général de division. Killed at the Siege of Acre in 1799. François Masson (1745–1807)
- Barthélemy Catherine Joubert, Général en chef of the armée d’Italie. Killed at the Battle of Novi in 1799. (Louis-Simon Boizot)
- Commemorative plaques
- Dominique Martin Dupuy. Général de brigade. Killed in Cairo in 1798. (Philippe-Laurent Roland)
- François Paul Brueys, comte d’Aigalliers. Vice-amiral. Killed at the Battle of the Nile in 1799. (Flatters)
- Louis Marie, vicomte de Noailles. Général de brigade. Died of wounds in Havana. 1804. (Dantan aîné)
- Jean Louis Debilly. Général de brigade. Killed at the battle of Jena. 1806. (J.Debay)
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- Jean Baptiste Kléber, général en chef (1753–1800). After Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire (1798–1880) (location uncertain)
- François Louis de Morlan. Killed at the battle of Austerlitz in 1805. (Charpentier)
Damage
In 1978, Breton nationalists of the Breton Revolutionary Army caused major damage to the Galerie[2] in planting a bomb. Having failed to plant one in the Hall of Mirrors, they moved to the galerie des Batailles, targeting Napoleon as a symbol of French colonialism.
See also
References
- ^ Histoire de Versailles.
- ^ Liens sur l'attentat de 1978 : [1], "Attentat château de Versailles - Institut National de l'Audiovisuel - Truveo Video Search". Archived from the original on 8 April 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2010..
Bibliography
- Constans, Claire (1985). "1837: L'inauguration par Louis-Philippe du musée dédié 'À Toutes les gloires de la France'". Colloque de Versailles
- Mauguin, Georges (1937). "L’Inauguration du Musée de Versailles". Revue de l’histoire de Versailles: 112–146
- Verlet, Pierre (1985). Le château de Versailles. Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard.
48°48′16″N 2°07′15″E / 48.80444°N 2.12083°E