![Collection of 16 atomic single-electron orbitals for the lowest four n quantum numbers. Only the cases n = l + 1 {\displaystyle n=l+1} with one radial node are shown. Each row shows one l-quantum number l=0 (s), l=1 (p), l=2 (d) and l=3 (f). The color depicts the complex-valued phase of the wavefunction. The right half depicts mz-eigenstates with m quantum numbers m ∈ { 0 , … , l } {\displaystyle m\in \{0,\ldots ,l\}} in ascending order showing complex phases and probability densities which are symmetric around the z-axis. The left half shows real-valued superpositions of ±m, which break the rotational symmetry and are often used in chemistry. The solid bodies enclose the volume where the continuous probability density exceeds a well-chosen threshold. The formulas that describe the orbitals can be found at Hydrogen atom. The labels in the image show the quantum numbers nlm with l encoded as letter and m replaced by the spatial alignment for the real-valued superpositions.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Atomic_orbitals_spdf_m-eigenstates_and_superpositions.png/800px-Atomic_orbitals_spdf_m-eigenstates_and_superpositions.png)
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