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A Human Work

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"A Human Work"
Neon Genesis Evangelion episode
Eva-01 (right) tries to stop Jet Alone (left). The Jet Alone affair has been described by critics as a deconstruction of the mecha genre and a political satire.
Episode no.Episode 7
Directed byKeiichi Sugiyama
Written byHideaki Anno, Yoji Enokido
Original air dateNovember 15, 1995 (1995-11-15)
Running time22 minutes
Episode chronology
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List of episodes

"A Human Work", also known by the Japanese title "The Works of Man",[a] is the seventh episode of the Japanese anime television series Neon Genesis Evangelion, which was created by Gainax. The episode, written by Hideaki Anno and Yoji Enokido and directed by Keiichi Sugiyama, was first broadcast on TV Tokyo on November 15, 1995. The series is set fifteen years after a worldwide cataclysm named Second Impact, and is mostly set in the futuristic, fortified city Tokyo-3. The series' protagonist is Shinji Ikari, a teenage boy who is recruited by his father Gendo to the organization Nerv to pilot a giant bio-mechanical mecha named Evangelion into combat with beings called Angels. In the episode, a rival organization of Nerv builds Jet Alone, a prototype giant robot with an onboard nuclear reactor as an alternative to the Evangelions. During the first public test of Jet Alone, it goes out of control and marches toward a nearby city with its reactor close to a meltdown. Shinji keeps the robot at bay in his Evangelion while Nerv's Major Misato Katsuragi gets inside Jet Alone and shuts down the reactor.

"A Human Work" contains quotes from Japanese and Western directors such as Stanley Kubrick, Kihachi Okamoto and Kunihiko Ikuhara, and cultural references to scientific and religious concepts, including apoptosis and the Tree of the Sephiroth. The episode's first broadcast scored a 5.9% rating of audience share on Japanese television. "A Human Work" received a divided reception; some reviewers considered it to be a filler episode for the series' plot, while others appreciated the political implications and character development. The episode has been described as a deconstruction of the mecha genre and the Jet Alone affair as a parody of the stylistic features of giant robot stories.

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Transcription

Plot

Commander Gendo Ikari, head of the special agency Nerv, talks via telephone to Ryoji Kaji, who tells Ikari he has answered the information requests with falsified data, and then asks if he should do something about "that other matter". Ikari boards an SSTO and talks with an unknown person who says the budget for building more Evangelion mechas has been approved. Meanwhile, young Evangelion pilot Shinji Ikari is embarrassed by his legal guardian Major Misato Katsuragi's sloppy behavior. Shinji is also briefed on the truth about Second Impact by Dr. Ritsuko Akagi, who tells him that the official story about a freak meteor-strike is a cover-up. In reality, the catastrophe was caused by the sudden awakening of an Angel in Antarctica. It is believed that the Angels' ultimate goal is to cause Third Impact, and it is hoped that Nerv can prevent this outcome by fighting the Angels with the Evangelions. Meanwhile, Misato, who is present at Shinji's briefing, is uncharacteristically quiet and deep in thought as Ritsuko speaks.

Misato and Ritsuko attend a private company's demonstration of Jet Alone, its giant, Angel-fighting robot. During the demonstration, the robot goes out of control and its reactor becomes critical. Because the radio command circuit has been broken, Misato decides to catch Jet Alone using Shinji's mecha, Eva-01, enter Jet Alone and delete its programming directly with the code "Hope". Shinji catches Jet Alone and Misato successfully boards it. The password fails to stop the reactor and Misato attempts to manually push the control rods back into the reactor. At the last moment, the rods reinsert themselves. Misato realizes the robot was never intended to melt down and that the whole situation was a result of sabotage. Later, Ritsuko and Ikari speak in his office; she explains that their plan with Jet Alone went off with no problems, other than Misato's attempted interference, and he congratulates her on a job well done. The next morning, Shinji is upset again for Misato's behavior at home, until his school friends Toji Suzuhara and Kensuke Aida say that Misato shows him a side of her personality no one else sees because she considers him family. Shinji smiles wistfully at that thought.

Production

Neon Genesis Evangelion director Hideaki Anno

Gainax studio staff decided the base plot for "A Human Work" in 1993, when it produced a presentation document of Neon Genesis Evangelion named New Century Evangelion (tentative name) Proposal (新世紀エヴァンゲリオン (仮) 企画書, Shinseiki Evangelion (kari) kikakusho);[1] its Japanese title was chosen at the same time, but it was written with a comma in the first draft, as "Hito no, tsukurishimono" (人の、造りしもの, litt. "A man-made thing").[2][3] Yoji Enokido[4] and Neon Genesis Evangelion director Hideaki Anno[5] wrote the script for the episode; director Anno also worked on the storyboards,[6] while Keiichi Sugiyama served as the episode's director.[7][8] Masahiko Otsuka worked as assistant director, Shunji Suzuki as chief animator[9] and Mitsumu Wogi as assistant character designer.[10][11]

For the Jet Alone dossier visible in the first scene of "A Human Work", produced by the Gainax Shop, the staff recreated the original material generated with a Macintosh and modified it.[12] The episode also depicts real-life vehicles such as an SSTO spacecraft.[13][14] and a Ferrari 328.[15][16] The American Northrop YB-49 prototype jet-powered heavy bomber was initially chosen for the image of the Eva transport aircraft, but the crew later decided to use the North American XB-70 Valkyrie.[17] Eva-01 was intentionally represented while chasing the Jet Alone in the same scene. In reality, the Eva would have to stumble forward, but the staff wanted the flow to be more fluid, creating a scene in which the Eva chases the other mecha.[18] The episode also contains homages to the animator Kunihiko Ikuhara, a friend of the director Anno, and Kihachi Okamoto, of whom it takes up various directing techniques.[19][20]

Koichi Yamadera, Hiro Yūki, Tetsuya Iwanaga, Tomokazu Seki and Megumi Hayashibara, voice actors of several main characters in the series, played unidentified characters for "A Human Work", including announcers and Shinji's unnamed classmates.[21] A four-beat Jazz version of Fly Me to the Moon[22] sung by Japanese singer Yoko Takahashi was used as the ending theme.[23][24]

Cultural references and themes

The SSTO that appears in a scene from "A Human Work" has been compared to a spaceship that appeared in 2001: A Space Odyssey.

In the first scene Gendo is framed in his office and the Tree of the Sephiroth, a diagram of the Jewish Kabbalah, is visible on the ceiling of the room.[25] The ceiling illustration of Commander Ikari is taken from Athanasius Kircher's Oedipus Aegyptiacus.[26] According to MCC Agora, some of the discernible Hebrew words of the diagram translate to "thunder" and "God", a possible link to the Angel Ramiel, defeated in the previous episode, which name means "thunder of God".[27] Slant Magazine's Micheal Peterson noted that Gendo's position at the desk "is in relation to the Godhead symbol on the tree".[28] In the same scene, a text that mentions apoptosis and apobiosis, terms of molecular biology, is framed.[29][30]

A school text by Shinji with fictitious, manipulated details on Second Impact and revelations on First Impact is framed in the episode;[31][32] the informations constitute a reference to the Giant-impact hypothesis.[33][34] Japanese architect Yasutaka Yoshimura regarded SSTO's interior visible in the previous scenes as a possible reference to a spacecraft visible in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968),[35] while Jet Alone's name comes from the robot Jet Jaguar, appeared in the special effects film Godzilla vs. Megalon (1973) and originally called "Red Alone".[36]

The episode's pivotal theme is interpersonal communication.[37] In "A Human Work", the psychology of Shinji, who finishes the first part of his path in the episode,[38] and of Misato is deepened. At the center of the episode are the different aspects of Misato's psychology; Misato has various masks[39] and shows herself to be an elder sister, a rough spinster and daring soldier,[40] confusing Shinji.[41][42] At the end of the episode, Shinji notices Misato shows her coarser, vulnerable side because he is part of her family;[43] after the event, the psychological distance between the two lessens.[44] Misato also tries to stop the Jet Alone "with the hands of man" in "A Human Work".[45] Optimism and hope towards human abilities are themes already present in earlier works of Hideaki Anno, like Gunbuster and Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water.[46] Comic Book Resources's Matthee England described the Jet Alone affair as one of the more concentrated examples of Evangelion's deconstruction of the mecha genre.[47] For writer Dani Cavallaro, the mecha formula is turned in "A Human Work" into a vehicle for active engagement in political and economical satire.[48] Critic Dennis Redmond similarly described the episode as a satire of "the arrogance of Japan's nuclear power lobby" and keiretsu business elite.[49]

Reception

"A Human Work" had a mixed reception. The episode was first broadcast on November 15, 1995, and scored a 5.9% rating of audience share on Japanese TV.[50][51]

Digitally Obsessed's reviewer Joel Cunningham criticized the episode as being probably the worst in the series and unnecessary; according to Cunningham, nothing happens and events remain unchanged at the end. He described the action scenes as "well done, but ultimately frivolous" and also said "there aren't even any particularly good character moments".[52] According to Multiverity Comics' Matthew Garcia, "A Human Work" is not among Evangelion's best episodes, but it does manage to come together in the third act, in large part thanks to Misato.[53]

Animé Café's Japanese reviewer Akio Nagatomi negatively received the episode, since it portrays governments as "simple-minded idiots", but also praised the sub-plots involving Misato's double face and the conspiracy that leads to the Jet Alone malfunction, the animation and some "neat" angle shots, like the drop-shipping of the Eva from the bomber. He concluded; "Not a great episode, though the political background has me a little intrigued".[54] Film School Rejects's Max Covill said "A Human Work" does not advance the series' plot "in any meaningful way", but praised the scene involving Misato and Ritsuko. He described it as "an exciting episode" that provides additional background on important supporting characters.[55] Animation Planet magazine' John Beam positively reviewed "A Human Work" and "Asuka Strikes!", and praised the show for its "outstanding characterizations, animations, and dramatic presentation".[56] SyFy Wire's Daniel Dockery ranked the scenes of the Jet Alone activation and Misato inside it as one of the best "non-depressing moments" in the show, describing Misato as the most underrated Evangelion character and the second scene as a "tense" moment.[57] Comic Book Resources' Devin Meenan also noted that, despite the episode seems inconsequential, "A Human Work" develops Shinji and Misato relationship.[58]

In the second issue of the Gen:Lock webseries, a robot that is supposedly superior to gen:Lock named The Shogunate appears. Noting a character named Anno appears in the issue, Bubble Blabber's reviewer David Kaldor regarded The Shogunate as a possible reference to the Jet Alone.[59] The episode also inspired official merchandise,[60] including a line of official T-shirts.[61][62]

See also

References

  1. ^ Japanese: 人の造りしもの, Hepburn: Hito no Tsukurishimono

Citations

  1. ^ Gainax (1998). Neon Genesis Evangelion Newtype 100% Collection (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 88. ISBN 4-04-852700-2.
  2. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Theatralical VHS Box Booklet (in Japanese). King Amusement Creative. 1997.
  3. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 18. Sony Magazines. p. 25.
  4. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 18.
  5. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 13.
  6. ^ "Staff". Neon Genesis Evangelion Blue Ray Ultimate Edition Encyclopedia. 2021.
  7. ^ Gainax (1998). Neon Genesis Evangelion Newtype 100% Collection (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 178. ISBN 4-04-852700-2.
  8. ^ Gainax, ed. (2003). Data of Evangelion (in Japanese). Gainax. p. 21.
  9. ^ Groundwork of Evangelion (PDF) (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Gainax. 2000. p. 217. ISBN 4903713008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2023.
  10. ^ Poggio, Alessandra (2008). Neon Genesis Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Dynit. p. 22.
  11. ^ Porori 2009, p. 76.
  12. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 7.
  13. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 14.
  14. ^ Porori 2009, p. 79.
  15. ^ Cannarsi 1998, p. 19.
  16. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 9.
  17. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 19.
  18. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 21.
  19. ^ Cannarsi 1998, pp. 42–43.
  20. ^ Oguro, Yūichirō. "第39回 エヴァ雑記「第六話 決戦、第３新東京市」" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  21. ^ Gainax, ed. (2003). Data of Evangelion (in Japanese). Gainax. p. 62.
  22. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 26. Sony Magazines. p. 26.
  23. ^ Cannarsi 1998, p. 26.
  24. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Laserdisc Encyclopedia (in Japanese). Vol. 4. 1996.
  25. ^ Ortega, Mariana (2007). "My Father, He Killed Me; My Mother, She Ate Me: Self, Desire, Engendering, and the Mother in Neon Genesis Evangelion". Mechademia. 2: 216–232. doi:10.1353/mec.0.0010. ISBN 978-0-8166-5266-2. S2CID 120554645.
  26. ^ Cannarsi 1998, p. 17.
  27. ^ Black, Noah (January 21, 2020). "Get in the Robot". MCC Agora. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  28. ^ "The Economy of Visual Language: Neon Genesis Evangelion". Slant Magazine. 29 August 2008. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  29. ^ Cannarsi 1998, p. 35.
  30. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Sony Magazines. p. 23.
  31. ^ "Episode:7 A Human Work". Neon Genesis Evangelion Blue Ray Ultimate Edition Encyclopedia. 2021.
  32. ^ Cannarsi 1998, p. 36.
  33. ^ Cannarsi 1998, p. 20.
  34. ^ Horn, Carl Gustav (2013). "Secrets of Evangelion". Neon Genesis Evangelion 3-in-1 Edition. Vol. 2. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1-4215-5305-4.
  35. ^ Yoshimura, Yasutaka (1997). "Sonata for EVANGELION – POP – A Compilation of the quoted 60's motifs". In Kaichiro Morikawa (ed.). The Evangelion Style (in Japanese). Daisan Shokan. p. 32. ISBN 4-8074-9718-9.
  36. ^ Platinum Booklet. Vol. 2. ADV.
  37. ^ Cannarsi 1998, p. 16.
  38. ^ Oguro, Yūichirō. "第41回 エヴァ雑記「第八話 アスカ、来日」" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  39. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 15.
  40. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 22.
  41. ^ Cannarsi 1998, pp. 46–47.
  42. ^ Oguro, Yūichirō. "第40回 エヴァ雑記「第七話 人の造りしもの」" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  43. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 43. Sony Magazines. p. 21.
  44. ^ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 25.
  45. ^ Oguro, Yūichirō. "第45回 エヴァ雑記「第拾弐話 奇跡の価値は」" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  46. ^ Cannarsi 1998, pp. 40–41.
  47. ^ England, Matthew (7 July 2020). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: The 5 Best Ways It Deconstructed The Mecha Anime (& 5 Ways It Elevated The Genre)". Cbr.com. Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  48. ^ Cavallaro, Dani (2009). The Art of Studio Gainax: Experimentation, Style and Innovation at the Leading Edge of Anime. McFarland & Co. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7864-3376-6.
  49. ^ Redmond, Dennis (2004). The World is Watching: Video as Multinational Aesthetics, 1968–1995. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 133. ISBN 0-8093-2535-7.
  50. ^ "Anime Land". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. February 1996. p. 66.
  51. ^ "新世紀エヴァンゲリオン テレビ本放送時 視聴率" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on July 6, 2009. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  52. ^ Cunningham, Joel (8 March 2002). "Neon Genesis Evangelion Collection 0:2 (1995)". Digitallyobsessed.com. Digitally Obsessed!. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  53. ^ "Five Thoughts on Neon Genesis Evangelion's "The Works of Man" and "Asuka Arrives in Japan"". Multiversity Comics. 4 July 2021. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  54. ^ "Shinseiki Evangelion Review Pages – Episode 7: The Human Creation / A Human Work". Abcb.com. The Animé Café. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  55. ^ Covill, Max (17 June 2019). "Every Episode of 'Neon Genesis Evangelion' Ranked". Filmschollrejects.com. Film School Rejects. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  56. ^ Beam, John (1997). G. Michael Dobbs (ed.). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: Genesis 0:4". Animation Planet. Vol. 1, no. 2. Inkwell Productions. pp. 13–14.
  57. ^ Dockery, Daniel (June 23, 2019). "The 10 most awesome (non-depressing) moments In Neon Genesis Evangelion". Syfy.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  58. ^ Devin Meenan (8 January 2022). "Neon Genesis Evangelion: The 5 Darkest Episodes (& 5 Lightest)". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  59. ^ Kaldor, David (7 November 2019). "Comic Review: gen:LOCK "unwelcome:GUESTS Part 2"". Bubbleblabber.com. Bubble Blabber. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  60. ^ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 10. Sony Magazines. p. 28.
  61. ^ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat. 2010. p. 125. ISBN 978-2-7234-7121-3.
  62. ^ "新世紀エヴァンゲリオン 全話Tシャツ 「第七話 人の造りしもの」" (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.

Bibliography

External links

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