The decade of the 1450s in art involved many significant events, especially in sculpture.
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Piero della Francesca, The Baptism of Christ
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Episode 1 | Introduction | Saint John the Baptist: From Birth to Beheading
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Transcription
(piano music) Woman: Looking at a very large panel painting by Piero della Francesca of the baptism of Christ. This is a typical subject that we see a lot. Man: But not a typical treatment. Piero was one of those Renaissance artists that I think the modern era has loved. In part because of the emphasis on geometry and a kind of abstraction of space and form. Woman: He really stands out as having a really unique style in the early Renaissance. It's defined by a kind of stillness of the figures, a kind of quietness. Man: It has all of the characteristics of an ideal moment. This is the moment literally the moment when John allows the water to pour from that bowl onto Christ's head and would be that moment when the Holy Spirit in the form of the dove appears. Woman: John is so ever so gently and tentatively pouring that water over Christ, who of course Christ asked John to baptize him and John at first refused and Christ insisted because John said, "No you should baptize me." Man: The angels on the left look equally concerned and there is a kind of tentativeness. Look at the focus in John's eyes. Woman: The sort of tentativeness is expressed in his left hand. Man: Yes, oh absolutely, and you can see that in the hands of the angels as well. Woman: There is a kind of stillness and sense of linearity to the figures. Christ occupies the exact center of the composition directly under the dove. He stands in a lovely contropposto with his hands in prayer. Man: There is a really strict geometry. You have the verticality that you already mentioned. But not only was there bilateral symmetry of Christ's body in the center of the canvas but of John being quite strayed of the angels very erect, the tree, all the trees. Then there is a series of perfect horizontals. Look at the way that John's belt continues the movement of the man who is taking off his shirt to the right, moves across Christ's waist and picks up the belt of the middle angel. So you have a kind of perfect horizontal that moves across that is echoed by the horinzontality of the dove, whose line is continued by the clouds, and then there are a series of circles. The painting itself is an arch but that arch of that circle is picked up and continued by the arc of the top of the cloth that covers Christ's waist and then by John's hand and arm and even by the sort of line that is created as the man pulls his shirt over his head so that you've got really this sort of continued negative arc or the bottom of the arc of the circle. Woman: This love of geometry. We know that perspective was something that Piero also was really interested in and wrote a treatus about. This interest in the mathematical foundations of beauty and harmony is something that we really see very broadly in the early renaissance. Man: I think that there is an additional kind of peculiarity, which has to do with the placement. Clearly this is not the middle east. The hill town that we see just below Christ's elbow is clearly of Tuscany. Woman: Maybe even where Piero was from, which was Borgo Santo Sepolcro. Man: That's right but we have a reference to the river Jordan in back of Christ, which is in and of itself a sort of peculiar almost minimized and abstracted into a little stream that almost seems to stop, as if it's a little pathway actually, going back a kind of reflective pathway. Woman: There is a kind of intentionality here and a kind of formality that I think is very appealing in the 21st century. (piano music).
Events
- 1452: Filippo Lippi and his assistants begin work on the fresco cycle of the Stories of St. Stephen and St. John the Baptist in the Great Chapel (Cappella Maggiore) of Prato Cathedral
- 1453: Piero della Francesca begins work on the frescos of The History of the True Cross at the church of San Francesco, Arezzo
- 1454-1455: Printing of the Gutenberg Bible, the first major book printed with movable type in the western world, is completed by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz
- 1459: Benozzo Gozzoli begins work on the Journey of the Magi to Bethlehem frescos in the Magi Chapel, Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence
Paintings
Wood, 93 x 85 cm
- Giovanni Bellini
- Crucifixion (c.1455) (Museo Correr, Venice)
- Madonna with Child (after 1450) (Pavia)
- Madonna with Child (c.1455) (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)
- Pietà (Dead Christ Supported by the Madonna and St. John) (1455) (Accademia Carrara, Bergamo)
- St. Jerome in the Desert (c.1455-1460) (Barber Institute of Fine Arts, Birmingham)
- Transfiguration of Christ (first version, c.1454-1460) (Museo Correr, Venice)
- Dieric Bouts
- Deposition Altarpiece (Royal Chapel of Granada)
- The Entombment (completed by c.1455) (National Gallery, London)
- Petrus Christus
- "Berlin Altar Wings" with Annunciation, Nativity, and Last Judgment (1452) (Gemäldegalerie, Berlin)
- Virgin and Child Enthroned with St. Jerome and St. Francis (1457?) (Frankfurt)
- Antonio da Fabriano – St. Jerome in his Study (1451)
- Antonello da Messina
- Crucifixion (two versions, c.1454-1455)
- St. Jerome and Abraham panels (c.1455)
- Andrea del Castagno
- Assumption of the Virgin (c.1449-1450)
- Equestrian Statue of Niccolò da Tolentino (fresco painting, 1456) (Florence Cathedral)
- Piero della Francesca
- Flagellation of Christ (probably 1455–1460)
- Madonna del Parto (c.1457-1460)
- Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta (c.1451)
- Stefano di Giovanni (Sassetta) – Mystic Marriage of St. Francis (c.1450)
- Jean Fouquet – Melun Diptych (c.1452) (Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp)
- Filippo Lippi
- Annunciation and Seven Saints (c.1449-1459) (lunettes for Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence; now in National Gallery, London)
- Funeral of St. Jerome (c.1452-1460)
- Madonna del Ceppo (1452-1453)
- Saint Benedict Orders Saint Maurus to the Rescue of Saint Placidus (from predella c.1445-1450)
- Andrea Mantegna
- Adoration of the Shepherds (c.1450-1451)
- Crucifixion (1447-1459)
- Presentation at the Temple (c.1453-1455)
- Portrait of Cardinal Ludovico Trevisan (1459-1460)
- St. James Led to His Execution (c.1455) (lost)
- St. Sebastian (first version, c.1456-1459)
- San Luca Altarpiece (1453-1454)
- San Zeno Altarpiece (c.1457-1460)
- Paolo Uccello – The Battle of San Romano (triptych completed by c.1455)
- Water and Land Ritual paintings (Chinese Ming dynasty, 1454)
- Rogier van der Weyden – The Braque Triptych (c.1452)
Sculpture
- 1453: Donatello's Equestrian statue of Gattamelata, Piazza del Santo, Padua, erected.
- c.1455: Donatello's Mary Magdalene, for Florence Cathedral, now in Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence).
- c.1457: Donatello's Judith and Holofernes erected outside Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence.
Births
- 1450: Matteo Lappoli, Italian painter (died 1504)
- 1450 Hieronymus Bosch, Dutch painter (died 1516)
- 1450: Ludovico Brea – Italian painter active primarily in Genoa (died 1523)
- 1450: Guidoccio Cozzarelli - Italian Renaissance painter and miniaturist (died 1517)
- 1450: Bartolomeo Montagna – Italian painter and architect who worked in Vicenza and Venice (died 1523)
- 1450: Antonio del Massaro - Italian Quattrocento painters (died 1516)
- 1450: Francesco Raibolini known as Francesco Francia, Bolognese painter and medalist (died 1517)
- 1450: Pedro Berruguete – Spanish painter (died 1504)
- 1450: Bartholomäus Zeitblom – German painter and the chief master of the school of Ulm (died 1519)
- 1450: Matteo de Fedeli - Italian Renaissance painter (died 1505)
- 1450/1460: Jan Joest – Dutch painter (died 1519)
- 1450: Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād – painter of Persian miniatures (died 1535)
- 1451: Cristoforo Moretti - painter of the quattrocento who worked in a late International Gothic style (died 1475)
- 1452: Pietro del Donzello – Italian painter (died 1509)
- 1452: Francesco dai Libri - Italian manuscript illuminator (died unknown)
- 1452: April 15 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian Renaissance architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, geometer, scientist, mathematician, musician and painter (died 1519)[1]
- 1452: February 14 – Davide Ghirlandaio, Italian painter and mosaicist (died 1525)[2]
- 1452: Attavante degli Attavanti - Italian miniature painter (died 1525)
- 1453: Sultan Ali Mashhadi - Persian calligrapher and poet (died 1520)
- 1454: Pinturicchio – Italian painter of the Renaissance (died 1513)
- 1455: Ugo da Carpi – Italian painter and printmaker who worked in woodcut (died 1523)
- 1455: Giovanni Ambrogio de Predis – Italian Renaissance painter from Milan (died 1508)
- 1455: Adam Kraft – German sculptor and master builder of the late Gothic period (died 1509)
- 1455: Ippolito del Donzello - Italian Quattrocento painter (died unknown)[3]
- 1455: Jörg Syrlin the Younger - German sculptor (died 1521)
- 1455: Peter Vischer the Elder – German sculptor (died 1529)
- 1455: Francesco Bonsignori – Italian painter (died 1519)[4]
- 1455/1460: Bernardino Bergognone - Italian Renaissance painter of the Milanese school (died 1525)
- 1456: Bramantino (Bartolomeo Suardi) – Italian painter and architect (died 1530)
- 1457: Filippino Lippi, Tuscan painter (died 1504)[5]
- 1457: Pietro di Domenico - Italian Renaissance painter (died 1506)
- 1457/1459: Jean Bourdichon, French miniature painter and manuscript illuminator (died 1521)
- 1458: Pietro di Francesco degli Orioli – sculptor (died 1496)[6]
- 1458: Antonio Lombardo – Italian sculptor (died 1516)
- 1459: Lorenzo di Credi – Italian painter and sculptor (died 1537)
- 1459: Cima da Conegliano – Italian Renaissance painter (died 1517)
- 1459: Wu Wei – Chinese landscape painter during the Ming Dynasty (died 1508)
- 1459/1460: Benedetto Buglioni – Italian sculptor in glazed terracotta (died 1521)
Deaths
- 1459: Jacques Morel - French sculptor (born 1395)
- 1457: Andrea del Castagno - Italian fresco painter from Florence (born 1421)
- 1457: Rossello di Jacopo Franchi – Italian painter (born 1376)
- February 18, 1455 – Fra Angelico – Italian painter (born 1395)
- December 1, 1455 – Lorenzo Ghiberti – Italian artist of the early Renaissance best known for works in sculpture and metalworking (born 1378)
- 1455: Pisanello – painter of the early Italian Renaissance and Quattrocento (born 1395)
- 1453: Parri Spinelli – Italian (Tuscan) painter of the early renaissance (born 1387)
- 1452: Bicci di Lorenzo – Italian painter and sculptor, active in Florence (born 1373)
- 1452: Bernardo Martorell – Spanish painter, working in an Early Renaissance style (born 1400)
- 1451: Piero di Niccolo Lamberti – Italian sculptor (born 1393)
- 1450: Sassetta – Italian painter (born 1392)
- 1450: Xie Huan – Chinese painter of the early Ming Dynasty (died 1370)
References
- ^ "Leonardo da Vinci | Biography, Art, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ Ira Moskowitz (1976). Great Drawings of All Time: Italian, thirteenth through nineteenth century. Kodansha International. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-87011-263-8.
- ^ Joseph A. Crowe; Giovanni B. Cavalcaselle (1871). “A” history of painting in North Italy. Murray. p. 104.
- ^ Austrian Information. Information Department of the Austrian Consulate General. 1983. pp. 5–14.
- ^ Lucia Corrain (2008). The Art of the Renaissance. The Oliver Press, Inc. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-934545-04-1.
- ^ Keith Christiansen; Laurence B. Kanter; Carl Brandon Strehlke; Philippe De Montebello (1988). Painting in Renaissance Sie. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-8109-1473-5.
This page was last edited on 9 October 2022, at 20:12