Visa requirements for Chinese citizens

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of China by the authorities of other states.

As of 15 November 2023,^[update] Chinese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 83 countries and territories, ranking the Chinese passport 63rd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.^[1]

Historical perspective

Before February 2014, Chinese immigration authorities did not generally allow mainland Chinese citizens to board outbound flights without having a valid visa for the destination country, even if the destination country granted a visa on arrival to Chinese passport holders, unless the exit was approved by the Ministry of Public Security. Exceptions were possible if the traveller had a third country's visa and a connecting flight from the initial destination country to the third country. As of 10 June 2017,^[update] if the destination is a visa-on-arrival or e-visa issuing country this approval is no longer needed.

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens were lifted by Micronesia on 18 December 1980,^[2] the Bahamas on 12 February 2014, Antigua and Barbuda on 18 November 2014, Indonesia in 2015 (visa requirement later reinstated), Fiji on 14 March 2015, Grenada on 10 June 2015, Ecuador on 1 March 2016, Morocco on 1 June 2016, Tonga on 19 August 2016, Saint Kitts and Nevis on 1 January 2017, Serbia on 15 January 2017, Tunisia on 17 February 2017, Barbados on 1 June 2017, United Arab Emirates on 16 January 2018, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 29 May 2018, British Virgin Islands on 5 July 2018,^[3] St Lucia on 18 July 2018,^[4] Belarus on 10 August 2018, Qatar on 21 December 2018, Iran on 21 July 2019, Albania on 23 December 2019, Uzbekistan on 1 January 2020, Armenia on 19 January 2020, Oman on 16 December 2020, Suriname on 1 May 2021, Maldives on 20 May 2022, Kazakhstan on 8 July 2022,^[5] Dominica on 19 September 2022, Zambia on 2 November 2022,^[6] Gabon on 20 February 2023 (visa requirement later reinstated), Mozambique on 1 May 2023, Kiribati on 1 September 2023, Benin on 3 September 2023, Georgia on 11 September 2023,^[7] Thailand on 25 September 2023, Angola on 28 September 2023 and Malaysia on 1 December 2023.^[8]

Visas on arrival were introduced by Azerbaijan on 1 February 2016,^[9] Brunei on 23 May 2016, Ukraine on 1 October 2016, Armenia on 10 November 2016, São Tomé and Príncipe on 5 April 2017, Qatar on 22 June 2017, Gabon on 12 October 2017, Bolivia on 27 December 2017, Rwanda on 1 January 2018, Benin on 15 March 2018, Zimbabwe on 1 July 2018, Myanmar on 1 October 2018, Sierra Leone on 5 July 2019, Saudi Arabia on 28 September 2019, and Iraq on 15 March 2021.

Chinese citizens were made eligible for eVisas by Lesotho on 1 May 2017, Djibouti on 18 February 2018, Oman on 7 May 2018, Uzbekistan on 15 July 2018, Pakistan on 14 March 2019, Saudi Arabia on 28 September 2019,^[10] South Africa on February 14, 2022,^[11] Mongolia on April 27, 2022,^[12] Japan on June 19, 2023,^[13] Russia on August 1, 2023, Vietnam on August 15, 2023, and the Philippines on August 24, 2023 (suspended since November 30, 2023).^[14][15][16]

The country's passport index has constantly improved in the 00's decade from 42 in 2010 to 85 countries/territories in 2023, doubling its mobility access in 12 years. As shown before, more and more countries are lifting visa restrictions on Mainland China passport holders in recent years and there is a tendency for more countries to keep lifting restrictions as a way to pull the massive tourist market that Mainland Chinese tourists represent.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements

Country	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)	Rec­i­proc­i­ty
Afghanistan	Visa required[17]		An introducing letter (from employer/organization/university/etc.) is required.[18]
Albania	Visa not required[17][19]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period
Algeria	Visa required[17]
Andorra	Visa required[17]		Although officially no visa is required, at least a Double Entry Schengen visa is required to enter Andorra since it has no own airport facility.
Angola	Visa not required[17]	30 days	30 days extendable once.[20] Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested a pre-visa from an Angolan consulate abroad are issued a visa upon arrival at the country's border crossings.[20] Maximum total stay of 90 days within a one-year period.[21] Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[22] International Certificate of Vaccination required.[20]
Antigua and Barbuda	Visa not required[17]	30 days
Argentina	Visa required[17]		Electronic Travel Authorization will only be issued to those who already possess a U.S. or Schengen visa. It must be approved before travel and is valid for tourism purposes. As of 1 October 2017, visas are issued with a 10-year validity period. Argentinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website states that visa is required for Chinese citizens visiting Argentina.[23]
Armenia	Visa not required[17][24]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa for up to 30 days.[25]
Australia	Online Visa required[17]		May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa and Online e400 work visa).[26] Effective from 20 June 2016, Chinese biometric passport holders use automated passport control SmartGate on arrival to Australia.[27]
Austria	Visa required[17]
Azerbaijan	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17]	30 days	Available at airports[9] eVisa is also available.[28] Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Bahamas	Visa not required[17]	3 months[30]
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17]	14 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Bangladesh	Visa on arrival[17]	30 days.	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Barbados	Visa not required[17]	30 days
Belarus	Visa not required[17]	30 days	Visa free for 30 days, for a maximum total stay of 90 days within any year period.[31] Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa for up to 30 days.[32]
Belgium	Visa required[17]
Belize	Visa required[17]		Visa is not required for cruise passengers.[33] Holders of a multi-entry visa or Permanent Residency Card issued by Canada and United States, do NOT require a visa to enter Belize as a tourist for a period of up to 30 days.[34]
Benin	Visa not required[17]	30 days	e-Visa is also available.[35] Must have an international vaccination certificate. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Bhutan	eVisa[17][36]
Bolivia	Visa on arrival[17]		Visa valid for up to 90 days can be issued on arrival with evidence of onward tickets or booked hotel.Bolivian embassy in Beijing also confirmed that Chinese nationals can get visa on arrival at airport or land checkpoint on 27 December 2017.[37] Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa not required[17]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period[38]
Botswana	eVisa[17][39]	3 months	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Brazil	Visa required[17]		Brazilian authorities announced a plan to abolish visas for Chinese citizens.[40][41] The information above reflects a proposal from the previous Brazilian government. The current Brazilian government follows a policy of strict reciprocity, which makes it unclear whether or not this visa waiver will be implemented unless an agreement with China is reached.
Brunei	Visa on arrival[17]	14 days[42]
Bulgaria	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid visa issued by a Schengen Area member state.
Burkina Faso	eVisa[17][43]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Burundi	Visa on arrival[17]	1 month
Cambodia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][44]	30 days	Visas valid for 30 days can be obtained on arrival or online.
Cameroon	eVisa[17][45]
Canada	Visa required[17]		No transit visa is required if transiting through Calgary, Montreal Trudeau (Air Canada Flights only), Toronto Pearson (Terminal 1 only, cannot change terminal or transit through Terminal 3), Vancouver International or Winnipeg Airports to or from the United States within 24 hours of arrival while holding valid US visa and travelling on flights operated by Air Canada (including subsidiaries Air Canada Rouge and Jazz Air), Air China, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Hainan Airlines, Philippine Airlines, WestJet, or Xiamen Airlines. Need to departure from Beijing, Chengdu, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Harbin, Hong Kong, Manila, Nagoya, Osaka, Seoul, Shanghai, Shenyang, Taipei, Tokyo, or Xiamen if travelling to the United States. Need not to be under a removal or deportation order or staying in the United States longer than the authorized time if leaving the United States.[46] Visa is not required for permanent residents of the United States.
Cape Verde	Visa on arrival[17]	30 days
Central African Republic	Visa required[17]
Chad	Visa required[17]
Chile	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a visa issued by Canada or the United States which is valid for a minimum of 6 months from the arrival date.
Colombia	Online Visa[17][47]		National visa may be substituted with a visa or residence permit issued by a Schengen Area member state or the United States which is valid for a minimum of 180 days from the arrival date.[48]
Comoros	Visa on arrival[17]	45 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Republic of the Congo	Visa required[17]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	eVisa[17][49]	7 days
Costa Rica	Visa required[17]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa for stays up to 30 days. National visa may be substituted with a visa issued by Canada or the United States.
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa[17][50]	3 months	eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Croatia	Visa required[17]		Croatia became Schengen country since January 1, 2023.
Cuba	Tourist card required[17]	90 days	Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Cyprus	Visa required[17]		Holders of valid double or multiple entry Schengen visa or Bulgarian, Croatian and Romanian, as well as residence permits issued by Schengen Member States or by Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania, are not required to hold a short-stay visa to enter the Republic of Cyprus for a time period that does not exceed 90 days in any 180 day period.[51]
Czech Republic	Visa required[17]
Denmark	Visa required[17]
Djibouti	eVisa[17][52]	31 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Dominica	Visa not required[17]	21 days
Dominican Republic	Visa required[17]		Holders of a visa issued by Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Romania and any Schengen Area country can obtain a Tourist Card on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days. United Kingdom residents can obtain a Tourist Card on arrival for a maximum stay of 90 days.
Ecuador	Visa not required[17]	90 days	90 days within any one-year period.
Egypt	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][53]	30 days	Chinese citizens are eligible to apply for eVisas. Per IATA, Chinese citizens are eligible to apply for visa on arrival for a maximum stay of one month with a Letter of Guarantee from a local travel agency.
El Salvador	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid visa issued by a Schengen Area member state, Canada or the United States.
Equatorial Guinea	eVisa [17][54]
Eritrea	Visa required[17]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Estonia	Visa required[17]
Eswatini	Visa required[17]
Ethiopia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17]	90 days	Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.[55] e-Visa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. e-Visas are available for 30 or 90 days.[56] Visa free for holders of passports for public affairs.[29]
Fiji	Visa not required[17]	4 months
Finland	Visa required[17]
France	Visa required[17]
Gabon	eVisa[17][57]	90 days	Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Gambia	Visa required[17]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Georgia	Visa not required[17]	30 days	On September 11, 2023, Georgia introduced a visa-free regime for Chinese citizens.[58][59][60]
Germany	Visa required[17]
Ghana	Visa required[17]
Greece	Visa required[17]
Grenada	Visa not required[17]	30 days[61]	Beginning on December 1, 2020, all travellers to Grenada will be required to complete an online application in order to receive a Pure Safe Travel Authorization Certificate to enter Grenada.[62]
Guatemala	Visa required[17]
Guinea	eVisa[17][63]	90 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Guinea-Bissau	Visa on arrival[17]	90 days
Guyana	Visa required[17]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Haiti	Visa not required[17]	3 months	All non-Haitian passport holders must pay a tourist fee of US$10 on arrival.
Honduras	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid visa issued by Canada, the United States, or a Schengen Area member state, or a residence permit of the United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand.
Hungary	Visa required[17]
Iceland	Visa required[17]
India	Visa required[17]		e-Visa is no longer available due to military tension between China and India.[64] India announced in April 2022 that all tourism visa issued to Chinese passport holders before the COVID-19 shall remain void, and the issuance of tourism visa was suspended thereafter. Business visa applicants are required to submit unusual supporting documents, such as notarized university degree and notarized Certificate of No Criminal Conviction, and are often rejected arbitrarily.[65]
Indonesia	e-VOA / Visa on arrival[17]	30 days[66][67]	Indonesian authorities have announced that citizens of China may be granted visa-free entry in the upcoming month[68]
Iran	Visa not required[17][69]	21 days
Iraq	Visa on arrival[17]	60 days[70]
Ireland	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid C visa or visas endorsed with BIVS issued by the United Kingdom until October 2021.[71] Entry is permitted only if a first point of entry to the Common Travel Area was in the UK.[72]
Israel	Visa required[17]		As of 2017 visas are issued with a 10-year validity period.[73]
Italy	Visa required[17]
Jamaica	Visa not required[17]	30 days
Japan	eVisa[17]		Passengers transiting through Narita or Harita airport may apply for a shore pass to enter Japan for no more than 72 hours without a visa, subject to the discretion of immigration authorities and certain conditions. Passengers of approved cruise ships do not require a visa if they stay no longer than 15 days from April 2015.[74][75] e-Visa is available if residing in Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, or United States of America. It is a single entry visa and its duration of stay is 90 days. [13] e-Visa is also available for Chinese passport holder who resides in Mainland China (except Hong Kong and Macau), it is a single entry visa and its duration of stay is 30 days. eVisa application must be made through the travel agencies accredited by the Japanese overseas establishment from 19 June 2023. The electronic visa will be issued when the agencies are ready to apply through JAPAN eVISA.[13][76] For Chinese citizens residing in other territories, vignette style visa is required. Multi-entry vignette style visas are also obtainable in all territories for 3- or 5-year validity.
Jordan	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][77]		Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings. (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge)
Kazakhstan	Visa not required[5]	30 days	90 days within any 180-day period
Kenya	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][78]	3 months
Kiribati	Visa not required[17]	90 days	90 days within any 12-month period.
North Korea	Visa required[17]		Chinese tourists may visit Tongnim County without a visa for 2 days.[79] They may also visit Sinuiju for a day trip without a visa.[80] Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
South Korea	Visa required[17]		In the following cases, Chinese nationals can enter Korea without a visa. Visa is not required for direct or transit visitors to Jeju Island up to 30 days.[81] Transit to or from third countries such as the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Chinese group tourists departing from China (including Hong Kong and Macau) to Incheon, Gimpo, Gimhae, Cheongju, Muan, Daegu, and Yangyang International Airport in South Korea, travel within 5 days (10 days at Yangyang Airport) and then transfer to domestic flights in Korea Flight to Jeju Island. Chinese group tourists departing from China via South Korea to Japan with a Japanese group tourist visa, and Chinese group tourists departing from Japan via South Korea to China or a third country.
Kuwait	Visa required [17]		Due to COVID-19, Kuwait government stops issuing the travel visas to the ordinary passport holders of Chinese citizens.
Kyrgyzstan	eVisa[17][82]	60 days	Electronic visa holders must arrive via Manas International Airport or Osh Airport or through land crossings with China (at Irkeshtam and Torugart), Kazakhstan (at Ak-jol, Ak-Tilek, Chaldybar, Chon-Kapka), Tajikistan (at Bor-Dobo, Kulundu, Kyzyl-Bel) and Uzbekistan (at Dostuk).[83] Citizens of China arriving through the checkpoint at Manas International Airport can stay visa-free for up to 7 days if they have a voucher (which can be purchased upon arrival at Manas International Airport) with a value of at least 500 US dollars and a return air ticket to their country of citizenship or to a third country with the right to re-enter visa-free after 21 days from the date of departure; or with long-term visas (for a period of more than 3 years) of the United States of America, the Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Schengen zone, where they can stay visa-free for 7 days with the right to re-enter visa-free after 21 days from the date of departure.[84]
Laos	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17]	30 days	Visa on arrival is available at Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, the 4 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges[Note 1] and 6 border crossings.[Note 2][85] Visa on arrival facilities are being gradually phased out since January 2020.[86] e-Visa may be used to enter Laos through Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, 3 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges[Note 3] and in Boten (road and railroad).[87] 17[Note 4] of the 31 border crossings are only open to visa holders.[85] Visa on arrival is extendable for additional 60 days at the Department of Immigration in Vientiane.[88] Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Latvia	Visa required[17]
Lebanon	Free visa on arrival[17]	1 month	Extendable for 2 additional months.
Lesotho	eVisa[17][89]
Liberia	Visa required[17]
Libya	Visa required[17]
Liechtenstein	Visa required[17]
Lithuania	Visa required[17]
Luxembourg	Visa required[17]
Madagascar	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][90]	60 days
Malawi	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][91]	90 days
Malaysia	Visa not required[17][92]	30 days	It has been reported that the Foreign Ministry of Malaysia will reciprocate China's visa exemption starting on 1 December 2023 until 31 December 2024.[93][94]
Maldives	Visa not required[17]	30 days
Mali	Visa required[17]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Malta	Visa required[17]
Marshall Islands	Visa required[17]
Mauritania	Visa on arrival[17]		Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Mauritius	Visa not required[17]	90 days
Mexico	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid visa or residence issued by Canada, Chile, Colombia, Japan, Peru, United Kingdom, United States, or a Schengen Area member state.
Micronesia	Visa not required[17]	30 days
Moldova	eVisa[17][95]		National visa may be substituted with a valid visa issued by a Schengen Area member state for visits up to 90 days. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29] Chinese citizens can apply for a visa online without a need for an invitation letter.[96]
Monaco	Visa required[17]
Mongolia	eVisa[17][97]	30 days
Montenegro	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid Schengen visa, a valid visa of Australia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, Romania, the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Also a residence permit in the countries of the Schengen zone, Australia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, Romania, the United States of America and the United Kingdom for up to 30 days per stay.[98]
Morocco	Visa not required[17]	90 days
Mozambique	Visa not required[17][99]	30 days	Travelers must pay a fee of 650 MT upon entry. Can be extendable for another 30 days.[100]
Myanmar	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][101][102]	28 days	Visa policy of the Myanmar government does not apply to militia-controlled areas where the central government does not exercise actual control. e-Visa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu. e-Visa available for both tourism (allowed stay is 28 days) or business (allowed stay is 70 days) purposes. Visa on arrival can be issued at Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airport and is valid for 30 days. (for 1 year from August 30, 2023) Residents in bordering provinces can apply for an entry-exit pass that work with their automated border control system to expedite crossing[103]
Namibia	Visa required[17]		Namibian authorities have proposed waiving visa requirements for citizens of China.[104]
Nauru	Visa required[17]
Nepal	eVisa / Free visa on arrival[17][105]		Visa is issued free of charge for Chinese tourists.[106]
Netherlands	Visa required[17]
New Zealand	Visa required[17]		May enter using eGate.[107] Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[108] Transit visa not required for passengers flying to or from Australia and remaining airside for no longer than 24 hours.
Nicaragua	Visa required[17]
Niger	Visa required[17]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Nigeria	eVisa[17][109]	90 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
North Macedonia	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid visa issued by a Schengen Area member state, the United States, Canada or United Kingdom for stays up to 15 days if the visa is valid for at least five days beyond the period of intended stay in North Macedonia. *Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Norway	Visa required[17]
Oman	Visa not required / eVisa[17][110]	14 days / 30 days	* Chinese national are also eligible for single / multiple entry electronic visa valid for 30 days.
Pakistan	ETA / Online Visa[17][111]	30 days / 3 months	Online Visa eligible.[112] Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[113] Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Palau	Free visa on arrival[17]	30 days	The Chinese government declared Palau as an illegal destination of tour groups in August 2018, individual visitors from China are not affected.[114]
Panama	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid visa issued by Australia, Canada, the United States, Schengen (need to be valid for 6 months after entry) or the United Kingdom for up to 30 days. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Papua New Guinea	eVisa[17][115]	30 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29] Chinese tourists traveling in registered and organized travel groups are eligible for a free 30-day single-entry visitor visa.
Paraguay	Visa required[17]
Peru	Visa required[17]		Nationals of China who have a valid US, Canada, Australia, Schengen Area, or UK visa or permanent resident permit can stay a visa-free up to 180 days for tourist or business purposes. The visa must be valid for a minimum of 6 months from the arrival date.[116][117]
Philippines	Visa required[17]		On 10 November 2023, the Philippine government announced the full implementation of the eVisa service for Chinese nationals, which is now not only restricted to Shanghai and is available at all Chinese consulates.[118] On 30 November 2023, the Philippine government suspended eVisa service for PRC nationals for unclear reason. [16] Holders of a visa issued by Australia, Japan, Canada, USA or Schengen area do not require a visa for stay up to 7 days for tourism purpose.[119]
Poland	Visa required[17]
Portugal	Visa required[17]
Qatar	Visa not required[17][120]	30 days
Romania	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid visa issued by a Schengen Area member state if the journey is completed before the expiration of the Schengen visa.
Russia	Visa not required (conditional) / eVisa[17][121]	15 days / 16 days	Citizens of China may visit Russia without a visa for up to 15 days if traveling as part of a tour group from 5 to 50 persons that is accompanied by a representative of a tour operator registered in both countries.
Rwanda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][122]	30 days
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Visa not required[17]	3 months
Saint Lucia	Visa not required[17][123]	6 weeks
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa required[17]
Samoa	Visa not required[17]	60 days
San Marino	Visa not required[124][17]	90 days.[125]	Although officially no visa is required, at least a Single Entry Schengen visa is required to enter San Marino since it does not have an own airport facility and no border controls.
São Tomé and Príncipe	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][126]	15 days.[127]	Holders of a visa issued by the United States and the Schengen Area do not require a visa. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Saudi Arabia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][128]	90 days
Senegal	Visa on arrival[17]	30 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa for 30 days.[29]
Serbia	Visa not required[17]	30 days[129]	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa up to 90 days within a six-month period.
Seychelles	Visa not required[17][130]	3 months[131]
Sierra Leone	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17]	3 months / 30 days[132][133]	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Singapore	Visa required[17]		China and Singapore are preparing a mutual visa waiver agreement around December 7, 2023.[134] Holders of passports for diplomatic, service, public affairs do not require a visa.[135] Singapore grants a 96-hour Visa-Free Transit Facility (VFTF) for Chinese citizens (entering Singapore) that possess a valid visa or long-term pass of Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland, United Kingdom, or United States, including Schengen visas or residence permits that are valid for entering Germany or Switzerland. Passengers must have a valid onward air/ferry/cruise ticket departing Singapore within 96 hours.[136]
Slovakia	Visa required[17]
Slovenia	Visa required[17]
Solomon Islands	Visa required[17]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Somalia	Visa on arrival[17]	30 days	Available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport.
South Africa	eVisa[17][137]		eVisa holders must arrive via O. R. Tambo International Airport.
South Sudan	eVisa[17][138]		Obtainable online. Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Spain	Visa required[17]
Sri Lanka	ETA / Free visa on arrival[17][139]	30 days	Electronic Travel Authorization can also be obtained on arrival. On 24 October 2023, Sri Lanka waived visa fees for citizens of China and six other countries. This will last until 31 March 2024.[140]
Sudan	Visa required[17]
Suriname	Visa not required[17]	30 days	An entry fee of US$25 or 25 euros is required to be paid online prior to arrival.
Sweden	Visa required[17]
Switzerland	Visa required[17]
Syria	Visa required[17]
Tajikistan	eVisa[17][141]	45 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Tanzania	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][142]	3 months
Thailand	Visa not required[17]	30 days	Since 27 September 2021, Chinese citizens visiting Thailand may apply for e-Visa online.[143][144] Thai authorities have approved a temporary visa waiver exempting Chinese and Kazakh tourists to enter Thailand without a visa, which will be effective from 25 September 2023 till the end of February 2024.[145]
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival[17]	30 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Togo	eVisa[17][146]	15 days	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Tonga	Visa not required[17]	30 days[147]
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa required[17]
Tunisia	Visa not required[17]	90 days	For tourism purposes only. When entering the country, a paid hotel reservation (Bon-Voucher) and a round-trip flight ticket that matches the duration of the stay in Tunisia is required.[148]
Turkey	eVisa[17][149]	30 days.	Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Turkmenistan	Visa required[17]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Tuvalu	Visa on arrival[17]	1 month
Uganda	eVisa[17][150]	3 months	May apply online. Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda.[151]
Ukraine	Visa required[17]		e-Visa is currently suspended.[152] Ukrainian authorities intend to sign reciprocal visa-free agreement with China in the next five years.[153] Due to ongoing conflict in Ukraine, it is unclear whether this reciprocal visa-free agreement will be signed in the previously allocated timeframe.
United Arab Emirates	Visa not required[17]	30 days
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies	Visa required[17]		Visa not required if holding a valid Irish visa endorsed with BIVS. Entry permitted only if first point of entry to the Common Travel Area is in Ireland.[154] Transit visa not required if holding a valid US, Canada, Australia (physical sticker visa required), New Zealand, Ireland (Biometric visas only), and Schengen (D visa or residence permit only) visa or permanent residence permit. Need to depart from or fly to these countries and territories if not remaining airside, either directly or via reasonable routes.
United States	Visa required[17]		Chinese citizens who do receive a visa are normally issued "120-month multiple-entry combination B1/B2 visas."[155] Ten-year multiple-entry B visa holders must provide updates through the Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS) every two years.[156] Visa not required for Northern Mariana Islands.
Uruguay	Visa required[17]		National visa may be substituted with a valid visa issued by the United States, Canada or a European Union member state for stays up to 90 days when arriving via Montevideo airport or Montevideo and Colonia ports. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Uzbekistan	Visa not required[17]	10 days	Must arrive by air. Otherwise an electronic visa is available.[157]
Vanuatu	Visa not required[17]	30 days	Passengers must have a medical certificate proving they do not have COVID-19
Vatican City	Visa required[17]
Venezuela	Visa required[17]		Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29]
Vietnam	eVisa[17][158]		e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry. Holders of passports for public affairs do not require a visa.[29] Visa not required for 30 days for Phu Quoc island, including transiting through Noi Bai International Airport or Tan Son Nhat International Airport. Visa collection on arrival can be arranged online through travel agencies and are available at Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Da Nang, Nha Trang and Phu Quoc airports. On November 2023, the authorities in Vietnam has proposed to waive visas for Chinese citizens.[159]
Yemen	Visa required[17]
Zambia	Visa not required / eVisa[17][160]	30 days / 90 days	e-Visa is also available.[161] Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
Zimbabwe	eVisa / Visa on arrival[17][162]	3 months	Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Unrecognized or partially recognized countries

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
Abkhazia	Visa required[163]
Kosovo	Visa required[164]	Visa is not required for holders of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay) [165] Do not need a visa a holder of a valid biometric residence permit issued by one of the Schengen member states or a valid multi-entry Schengen Visa, a holder of a valid Laissez-Passer issued by United Nations Organizations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe or European Union a holder of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay)[166]
Northern Cyprus	Visa not required[167]
Palestine	Visa not required[17]	Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[168]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic		Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
Somaliland	Visa on arrival	30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[169][170]
South Ossetia	Visa not required[171][172]
Transnistria	Visa not required[173]	Registration required after 24h.[174][175]

Dependent and autonomous territories

Territory		Conditions of access	Notes
Denmark
Faroe Islands		Visa required[176]
Greenland		Visa required[176]
France
Clipperton Island		Special permit required[177]
French Guiana		Visa required[17]
French Polynesia		Conditional visa waiver[17]	15 days, need to travel with specific agencies
Guadeloupe		Visa required[178]	Visa not required of cruise ship passengers during the period of the stopover if hold residence permit issued by EU / EEA country, Switzerland, Canada, Japan or USA[179]
Martinique		Visa required
Saint Barthélemy		Visa required
Saint Martin		Visa required
Mayotte		Visa required[17][178]
New Caledonia		Conditional visa waiver[17][180]	15 days, need to travel with specific agencies
Réunion		Conditional visa waiver[17]	15 days, need to travel with specific agencies
Saint Pierre and Miquelon		Visa required[17][178]	Holders of a Canadian photo ID (e.g. a driver's licence, health card, student card, or permanent resident card), traveling directly from Canada, do not require a visa.[181]
Wallis and Futuna		Visa required[182]
Netherlands
Aruba		Visa required[17]	Holders of a valid visa issued by a Canada, US or Schengen Member State (‘C’ or ‘D’ visa) do not require a visa for 90 days for each territory.
Bonaire		Visa required[17]	Holders of a valid visa issued by a Canada, US or Schengen Member State (‘C’ or ‘D’ visa) do not require a visa for 90 days for each territory.
Sint Eustatius		Visa required	Holders of a valid visa issued by a Canada, US or Schengen Member State (‘C’ or ‘D’ visa) do not require a visa for 90 days for each territory.
Saba		Visa required	Holders of a valid visa issued by a Canada, US or Schengen Member State (‘C’ or ‘D’ visa) do not require a visa for 90 days for each territory.
Curaçao		Visa required[17]	Holders of a valid visa issued by a Canada, US or Schengen Member State (‘C’ or ‘D’ visa) do not require a visa for 90 days for each territory.
Sint Maarten		Visa required[17]	Holders of a valid visa issued by a Canada, US or Schengen Member State (‘C’ or ‘D’ visa) do not require a visa for 90 days for each territory.
New Zealand
Cook Islands		Visa not required[17]	31 days
Niue		Visa not required[17]	30 days
Tokelau		Permit required[183]
Norway
Jan Mayen		Permit required	Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[184] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[185]
Svalbard		Visa not required	Unlimited period under Svalbard Treaty.[186]
United Kingdom
Akrotiri and Dhekelia		Visa required[187]
Anguilla		Visa required[17][188]	Visa not required with a valid visa or residence permit from the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom.
Bermuda		Visa required[17]	Holders of a multiple-entry visa issued by Canada, US or the UK is valid for at least 45 days beyond the period of intended stay in Bermuda do not require a visa for three months. Visa free for a maximum stay of three months if transiting through the United Kingdom.
British Indian Ocean Territory		Special permit required[189]
British Virgin Islands		Visa not required[17]	6 months for business and tourism purposes[190][191]
Cayman Islands		Visa required[17]	Visa free for cruise ship passengers leaving on the day of arrival.[192] Visa not required for 30 days for holders of a valid multiple-entry visa for the US, UK and/or Canada.[193]
Falkland Islands		Visa required[17]
Gibraltar		Visa required[17]	Holders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa. Visa not required if holding a Schengen multiple entry visa with a minimum remaining validity of 7 days or visiting on a day trip as part of an organised tour arranged through a Gibraltar-based tour operator.
Montserrat		eVisa[17]
Pitcairn Islands		Visa not required	14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[194][195][196]
Saint Helena		eVisa[197][198]
Ascension Island		Admission refused[199][200]	From May 2015 Ascension Island Government does not issue entry visas including eVisas to nationals of China.[201]
Tristan da Cunha		Permission required	Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[202]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands		Permit required	Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[203][204]
Turks and Caicos Islands		Visa not required[17]	90 days[205]
United States
American Samoa		Entry permit required[17]
Guam		Visa required[17]
Northern Mariana Islands		Visa not required[17]	14 days
Puerto Rico		Visa required[17]
U.S. Virgin Islands		Visa required[17]
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217]

Other Territories

•  Australia. Ashmore and Cartier Islands - Special authorisation required.^[218]
•  Colombia. San Andrés and Leticia - Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.
• Crimea - Visa issued by Russia is required.^[219]
•  Ecuador.
  Galápagos - Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.^[220]
•  Eritrea outside Asmara - To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).^[221]
•  Fiji. Lau Province - Special permission required.^[222]
•  Greece
  Mount Athos - Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.^[223][224]
•  India. Prior approval from the MHA required for whole of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Sikkim and parts of states Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.^{[225][226][227][228]}
•  Iran. Kish Island - Visa not required.^[229]
•  Kazakhstan. Closed cities - Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.^[230]
•  Malaysia. Sabah and Sarawak - Malaysian Visa/eNTRI required. These states have their own immigration authorities but same visa policies applies as West Malaysia. However a single entry Visa/eNTRI is valid for multiple entry/exit between the territories inside Malaysia.^[231]
•  Maldives outside Malé - Permission required. Tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.^[232]
•  North Korea outside Pyongyang - Special permit required. People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving).
•  Russia - Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.^[233]
•  Saudi Arabia Mecca and Medina - Special access required. Non-Muslims and those following the Ahmadiyya religious movement are strictly prohibited from entry.
•  Sudan. Darfur - Separate travel permit is required.^[234]
•  Sudan outside Khartoum - All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
•  Tajikistan. Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province - OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.^[235][236]
•  Turkmenistan. Closed cities - A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.^[237]
•  United States. Closed city of Mercury, Nevada, United States - Special authorization is required for entry into Mercury.
•  United States. United States Minor Outlying Islands - Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.^{[238][239][240][241][242][243][244]}
•  Venezuela. Margarita Island - Visa not required. All visitors are fingerprinted.^[245]
•  Vietnam. Phú Quốc - Visa not required for 30 days.^[246]
•  Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden - Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.^[247]
• UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus - Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.^[248]
• Korean Demilitarized Zone - Restricted area.
• UNDOF Zone and Ghajar - Restricted area.

Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan

Hong Kong and Macau SARs

• Rather than passports, Chinese citizens from Mainland China are required to travel to Hong Kong and Macau with an in-lieu travel document named Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau (EEP-HKMO) to align with the position that Hong Kong and Macau are Chinese territories rather than foreign. EEP holders must apply for an endorsement which serves as both the exit permission from Mainland China and the de-facto visa for Hong Kong or Macau. EEP holders without an endorsement shall be prohibited from departing from Mainland China. It is the Immigration in Mainland China rather than that in Hong Kong and Macau that is responsible for issuing endorsements.^[249]
• Chinese passport holders intending to transit via Hong Kong or Macao between Mainland China and a foreign third place may travel directly with their Chinese passport without applying for EEP and an endorsement. They are eligible for stay up to 7 days without a (de-facto) visa.^[249]
• Chinese passport holders residing abroad on a long-term basis may apply for a sticker-style HKSAR entry permit [zh] at Chinese missions abroad. The sticker shall allow up to (1) two entries within three months, 30 days stay for each entry; or (2) multiple entries within two years, 14 days stay for each entey.^[250] However, there is no similar sticker for Macao.

Regions	Travel with in-lieu travel documents	Travel with Chinese passport from Mainland China or overseas
Hong Kong	EEP-HKMO and endorsement required.[249]	* Transit between Mainland China and a foreign third place for up to 7 days without EEP-HKMO or endorsement . * May enter if in possession of sticker-style entry permit.
Macau	EEP-HKMO and endorsement required.[249]	Transit between Mainland China and a foreign third place for up to 7 days without EEP-HKMO or endorsement .

Taiwan

Taiwan and Mainland China have been under separated governance since 1949, respectively ruled by the Government of the Republic of China and the Government of the People's Republic of China due to the Chinese Civil War. Even though neither party regards the people of the other as foreigner, movement of people between Mainland China and Taiwan is subject to immigration restrictions impose by both parties, either for immigrants or visitors. Chinese Mainlanders are subject to Taiwan immigration requirements, and are also subject to Mainland exit permission requirements if they are boarding a ferry or flight directly heading to Taiwan departing from the Mainland.

Exit-related restrictions include:

• Rather than Chinese passports, Chinese Government requires Mainlanders to travel to Taiwan with an in-lieu travel document named Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Taiwan (EEP-TW) to align with its sovereignty claim over Taiwan.
• EEP-TW holders requires an endorsement (exit permission) or they will be refused exit from Mainland China.
• Chinese passport holders intending to transit via Taiwan between Mainland China and a foreign third place but without an endorsed EEP-TW are usually refused exit, unless they depart from Taiwan Transit Pilot Program cities: Chongqing, Nanchang, and Kunming.^[251]

Entry-related restrions include:

• Chinese Mainlanders need Exit & Entry Permit for Taiwan, Republic of China (hereinafter the "Permit") issued by Taiwan Immigration or they will be refused entry. The Permit, when produced, shall be accompanied by a Mainland China travel document, either the Chinese passport or EEP-TW, as the case may be.
• For Mainlanders residing in the Mainland and applying for the Permit for the purpose of tourism, it's the policy of Taiwan Immigration that the Permit shall not be issued without a valid exit-permission issued by Mainland China Immigration.^[252] As the Mainland Immigration suspended issuance of such exit-permission since 2019, and the Taiwan Immigration suspended the issuance of the Permit accordingly, Mainlanders resding in Mainland may not travel to Taiwan for the tourism purpose for now.
• Chinese passport holders residing in Hong Kong, Macau or a foreign place on a long-term basis may apply directly to the Taiwan Immigration for a Permit. They do not need an EEP-TW or an endorcement (exit permission) to apply for the Permit, and may travel to Taiwan directly from a place other than Mainland China.

Regions	Travel with in-lieu travel documents	Travel with Chinese passport from Mainland China	Travel with Chinese passport from overseas
Taiwan	* EEP-TW (in-lieu travel document) required, endorcement (exit permission) required. * Issuance of endorcement (exit permission) for tourism purpose for Mainland Chinese residents residing in Mainland China remains suspended. * Exit & Entry Permit Taiwan required except for airside transit.* Permit on arrival in Kinmen, Matsu and Penghu for 400 NTD.[17]	* Exit from China usually refused except for transit through Taiwan departing from certain cities. * EEP-TW and endorcement (exit permission) not reuqired if transiting via Taiwan between Mainland China and a foreign third place, and departing from the Mainland cities of Chongqing, Kunming or Nanchang. * Exit & Entry Permit is not required when transiting through sterile area of a Taiwanese airport on the same calendar day.	* Chinese passport and Exit & Entry Permit Taiwan required. * Exit & Entry Permit is not required when transiting through sterile area of a Taiwanese airport on the same calendar day.

• For tourists residing overseas (including Hong Kong and Macau) since September 1, 2023, and medical, business and student purpose permit issuance has been resumed earlier.

Non-ordinary passports

Holders of Chinese diplomatic or service passports have visa-free access to additional countries.

APEC Business Travel Card

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:^[253]

_{1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days}

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:^[254]

• no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States)
• undertake legitimate business in participating economies
• expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
• expedited scheduling of visa interview (US)
• The rule is not available among the CHN, HKG, TWN travellers on business.

Exit and Entry Permit

In addition to passports, Exit and Entry Permit were issued to citizens of the People's Republic of China for visiting certain land neighboring countries for trade, tourism purposes without a passport, and visa to the country of visiting and vice versa under the bilateral agreements.^[255] Such permit is issued by the police stations in the related border administrative divisions. By far, travelers from the administrative divisions that share borders with North Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, India and Nepal could apply for the Exit-Entry Permit for crossing borders.^[256]

Non-visa restrictions

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.^[257] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year^[258] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.^[259]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.^[260][261]

An increasing number of countries have been imposing additional COVID-19 related health restrictions such as quarantine measures and testing requirements. Many countries increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers with regard to quarantine requirements or when deciding to allow them entry at all.^[262]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens^[263][264] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).^[265]

Some countries, such as Japan,^[266] Ireland and the United Kingdom,^[267] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,^[268] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,^[269] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,^[270] Philippines,^[271] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.^[272]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives^[273] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,^[274] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.^[275]

For example, Azerbaijan bans visits by foreign citizens that have previously entered Azerbaijan through non-Azerbaijani controlled borders. This includes the illegal entry into the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh^[276] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding Armenian-occupied territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan^[277] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".^[278] As of 2 September 2019,^[update] the list mentioned 852 people.

Israeli stamps

Kuwait,^[279] Lebanon,^[280] Libya,^[281] Syria,^[282] and Yemen^[283] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017^[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.^{[citation needed]}

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.^[284]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,^[285][286] Argentina,^[287] Brunei, Cambodia,^[288] China,^[289] Ethiopia,^[290] Ghana, Guinea,^[291] India, Japan,^[292][293] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),^[294] Malaysia upon entry and departure,^[295] Mongolia, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,^[296] Singapore, South Korea,^[297] Taiwan, Thailand,^[298] Uganda,^[299] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),^{[300][301][302]} intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.^[303]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports^[304] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.^[305][306] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.^[307] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.^[308][309]

Foreign travel statistics

These are the numbers of mainland Chinese visitors to various countries or territories:

Cross border travel statistics

Country / Region	Number of Visitors	Year
Destination	Number of visitors	Year
American Samoa[310]	861	2016
Angola[311]	76,016	2015
Antarctica[312]	5,289	2017
Antigua and Barbuda[313]	739	2017
Australia[314]	1,355,500	2017
Austria[note 1][315]	731,100	2016
Azerbaijan[316]	7,363	2016
Bahamas[317]	782	2013
Barbados[note 1][318]	646	2016
Belgium[319]	147,654	2016
Belize[320]	2,920	2013
Bhutan[321]	6,421	2017
Bolivia[322]	12,861	2016
Bosnia and Herzegovina[323]	31,776	2017
Botswana[324]	6,386	2015
Brazil[325]	61,250	2017
Burkina Faso[326]	2,568	2016
Cambodia[327]	830,003	2016
Canada[328]	694,543	2017
Cayman Islands[note 2][329]	250	2017
Chile[330]	30,774	2017
Colombia[331]	11,528	2015
Congo[332]	9,641	2012
Cook Islands[333][334]	804	2017
Costa Rica[335]	13,612	2017
Croatia[336]	159,301	2017
Cuba[337]	31,733	2015
Cyprus[note 3][338]	5,032	2018
Czech Republic[note 1][339]	491,648	2017
Denmark[340]	221,000[note 4]	2016
Dominica[341]	354	2015
Dominican Republic[342]	5,103	2017
Estonia[note 1][343]	19,698	2017
Eswatini[344]	2,732	2016
Fiji[345]	48,796	2017
Finland[note 1][346]	202,722	2018
France[347]	2,196,995	2015
French Polynesia[348]	4,479	2017
Germany[note 3][349]	1,363,979	2016
Georgia[350]	31,855	2018
Greece[351]	55,097	2015
Guam[note 2][352]	21,856	2017
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region[353]	44,445,259	2017
Hungary[note 1][354]	170,835	2016
Iceland[355]	89,495	2018
India[356]	247,235	2017
Indonesia[357]	1,556,771	2016
Israel[358]	113,600	2018
Italy[359]	280,000	2016
Jamaica[360]	3,892	2017
Japan[361]	7,355,800	2017
Jordan[362]	37,092	2016
Kazakhstan[363]	94,817	2017
Kiribati[333]	98	2017
Kyrgyzstan[364]	29,900	2017
Laos[365]	639,185	2017
Latvia[note 1][366]	22,774	2017
Lebanon[367]	6,227	2016
Lithuania[368]	12,000	2016
Luxembourg[note 1][369]	35,697	2016
Macao Special Administrative Region[370]	22,196,203	2017
Madagascar[371]	3,774	2015
Malaysia[372]	2,281,666	2017
Malawi[373]	4,715	2009
Maldives[374]	306,530	2017
Mali[375]	3,201	2014
Marshall Islands[333]	118	2017
Mauritius[374]	72,951	2017
Mexico[376]	141,692	2017
Micronesia[333][377]	2,817	2017
Mongolia[378]	144,070	2017
Montenegro[note 1][379]	7,932	2014
Morocco[380]	118,000	2017
Myanmar[381]	183,886	2016
Namibia[382]	12,195	2015
Nepal[383]	66,984	2015
Netherlands[384]	365,000	2017
Niue[333]	1	2017
New Caledonia[333]	280	2017
New Zealand[385]	417,872	2017
North Macedonia[note 1][386]	6,565	2016
Northern Mariana Islands[387]	229,389	2017
Oman[388]	20,021	2017
Pakistan[389]	30,100	2009
Palau[390]	55,491	2017
Panama[391]	17,293	2015
Papua New Guinea[392]	12,937	2016
Peru[393]	31,408	2017
Philippines[394]	968,447	2017
Poland[395]	97,700	2016
Qatar[396]	45,627	2017
Romania[397]	30,700	2016
Russia[398]	1,780,200	2017
Samoa[333][399]	2,718	2017
Serbia[note 3][note 1][400]	144,961	2019
Seychelles[401]	12,006	2017
Singapore[402]	3,226,929	2017
Slovakia[note 1][403]	41,332	2016
Slovenia[404]	62,905	2017
Solomon Islands[405]	1,215	2017
South Africa[406]	84,691	2015
South Korea[407]	4,169,353	2017
Spain[408]	649,032	2018
Sri Lanka[note 5][409]	268,952	2017
Suriname[410]	5,511	2017
Taiwan[411]	2,732,549	2017
Tanzania[412]	34,472	2016
Tonga[333][413]	2,021	2017
Thailand[414]	9,805,753	2017
Timor-Leste[note 6][333][415]	7,696	2017
Turkey[416]	394,109	2018
Tuvalu[333][417]	61	2017
Ukraine[418]	29,561	2017
United Arab Emirates[419]	764,000	2017
United Kingdom[420]	358,000	2017
United States[note 7][421][422]	3,383,133	2017
Uzbekistan[423]	11,800	2015
Vanuatu[333][424]	3,612	2017
Vietnam[425]	4,008,253	2017
Zambia[426]	20,648	2016

See also

• Visa policy of China
• Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong
• Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau

References and notes