Glucosidases

Glucosidases are the glycoside hydrolase enzymes categorized under the EC number 3.2.1.^[1]

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Function

Alpha-glucosidases are enzymes involved in breaking down complex carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen into their monomers.^[2]

They catalyze the cleavage of individual glucosyl residues from various glycoconjugates including alpha- or beta-linked polymers of glucose. This enzyme convert complex sugars into simpler ones.

Members

Different sources include different members in this class. Members marked with a "#" are considered by MeSH to be glucosidases.

Name	EC	Description
α-Amylase	EC 3.2.1.1	is a digestive enzyme in mammals
β-Amylase	EC 3.2.1.2	is a plant enzyme to break down starch
γ-Amylase	EC 3.2.1.3	is a digestive enzyme
Cellulase #	EC 3.2.1.4	breaks down cellulose from plant material
Sucrase-isomaltase	EC 3.2.1.10	-
Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase #	EC 3.2.1.106	catalyzes the first trimming step of the N-glycosylation pathway; is associated with Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation type IIb
Acid α-glucosidase #	EC 3.2.1.20	is associated with Glycogen storage disease type II
Beta-glucosidase #	EC 3.2.1.21	is associated with Gaucher's disease
Lactase	EC 3.2.1.23	one member of the β-galactosidase family, breaks down milk sugars, and its absence in adulthood causes lactose intolerance
Debranching enzyme #	EC 3.2.1.33	in mammals, yeast and some bacteria, combines transferase and glucosidase activity in glycogen breakdown
Pullulanase	EC 3.2.1.41	has been used as a detergent

Clinical significance

Alpha-glucosidases are targeted by alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose and miglitol to control diabetes mellitus type 2.

References

^ "ENZYME class: 3.2.1". enzyme.expasy.org. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. June 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
^ Krasikov, V. V.; Karelov, D. V.; Firsov, L. M. (March 2001). "α-Glucosidases". Biochemistry (Moscow). 66 (3): 267–281. doi:10.1023/A:1010243611814. PMID 11333149.

External links

Glucosidases at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Hydrolase: sugar hydrolases (EC 3.2)

3.2.1: Glycoside hydrolases

Disaccharidase	Sucrase/Sucrase-isomaltase/Invertase Maltase Trehalase Lactase
Glucosidases	Cellulase Alpha-glucosidase Acid Neutral AB Neutral C Beta-glucosidase cytosolic Debranching enzyme
Other	Amylase Alpha-amylase Chitinase Lysozyme Neuraminidase NEU1 NEU2 NEU3 NEU4 Bacterial neuraminidase Viral neuraminidase Galactosidases Alpha Beta alpha-Mannosidase Glucuronidase Klotho Hyaluronidase Pullulanase Glucosylceramidase lysosomal non-lysosomal Galactosylceramidase Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase NAGA Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase Fucosidase Hexosaminidase HEXA HEXB Iduronidase Maltase-glucoamylase Heparanase HPSE2

3.2.2: Hydrolysing
N-Glycosyl compounds

DNA glycosylases: Oxoguanine glycosylase

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

This page was last edited on 27 September 2023, at 01:45

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