Chronic eosinophilic leukemia is a form of cancer in which too many eosinophils are found in the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues. Most cases are associated with fusion genes. [1]
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Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms may include weight loss, fever, malaise, cough, skin and mucosal lesions, diarrhea, and peripheral neuropathy. Cardiac symptoms are also possible.[2]
In cases associated with PDGFRB and FGFR1 mutations, splenomegaly is common. Lymphadenopathy is also common with FGFR1 mutations.[2]
Infiltration of eosinophils causes organ damage.[3]
Causes
Most cases of CEL are associated with rearrangements in PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1.[4]
CEL not otherwise specified (CEL NOS) is a form in which BCR-ABL1 fusion genes and PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1 rearrangements are not found.[5]
Diagnosis
For a diagnosis of CEL, hypereosinophilia with greater than 30% eosinophils is required.[4] Serum IgE is usually normal. In cases associated with PDGFRB, serum vitamin B12 and tryptase may be elevated.[2]
Prognosis
CEL associated with a mutation in PDGFRA is treatable with imatinib and has an excellent prognosis. On the other hand, CEL associated with FGFR1 mutations has a very poor prognosis.[4] Progression can occur from CEL to AEL or AML in rare cases.[4]
Epidemiology
Cases occur in people of all ages. The disease is more common in males than females.[2]
References
- ^ "Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d Jaffe, Elaine (2016-08-25). Hematopathology (2 ed.). pp. 931–941. ISBN 978-0-323-29613-7.
- ^ McPherson (2011). Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods (23 ed.). Elsevier. pp. 606–658. ISBN 9781437709742.
- ^ a b c d Hoffman, Ronald (2017-08-15). Hematology: basic principles and practice (Seven ed.). pp. 1151–1169. ISBN 978-0-323-35762-3.
- ^ Aster, Jon (19 June 2013). Hematopathology: A Volume in the High Yield Pathology Series. Elsevier. p. 222.
External links
- Chronic eosinophilic leukemia entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
- Cancer.Net: Eosinophilic Leukemia
This page was last edited on 4 February 2023, at 15:49