Bidai (also spelled Beadeye, Bedias, Bidey, Viday, etc.; autonym: Quasmigdo) is an unclassified extinct language formerly spoken by the Bidai people of eastern Texas. Zamponi (2024) notes that the numerals do not appear to be related to those of any other languages and hence proposes that Bidai may be a language isolate.[1]
Word list
Rufus Grimes, a Texan settler in Navasota, Grimes County sent a letter dated November 15, 1887 to Albert S. Gatschet that contained several Bidai words. The word list was published in Gatschet (1891: 39, fn. 2).[1][2]
gloss Bidai one namah two nahonde three naheestah four nashirimah five nahot nahonde six nashees nahonde boy púskus corn tándshai
Comparison of numerals
Below is Zamponi's (2024) comparison of Bidai numerals with those of neighboring languages.[1]
language one two three four five six Bidai namah nahonde naheestah nashirimah nahot nahonde nashees nahonde W. Atakapa[3] tanuʹk, taʹnuk tsīk lāt (h)imatoʹl nīt, nit latsīʹk Karankawa[4] náatsa háikia kaxáji hájo hakn náatsa béhema hájo háikia Tonkawa[5] we·ʔis-pax ketay metis sikit kaskwa sikwa·law Caddo[6] ’wísts’i’ bít daháw’ híwí’ diːsik’an dáːnkih Adai[7] nancas nass colle tacache seppacan pacanancus Mobilian Jargon[8] (a)čaf(f)a tok(o)lo točena ošta taɫape han(n)ale
Anthony Grant (1995) finds the following cognates shared with Choctaw and Mobilian Jargon.[9]
language boy corn Bidai púskus tándshai Choctaw poškoš ~ poskos ‘child’ tãci’ Mobilian Jargon posko(š) ~ poškoš ‘baby, child’ tãče ‘baby, child’
See also
- Akokisa language
- Bayogoula language
- Calusa language
- Congaree language
- Cusabo language
- Guale language
- Sewee language
- Shoccoree-Eno language
References
- ^ a b c Zamponi, Raoul (2024). "Unclassified languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America. De Gruyter. pp. 1627–1648. doi:10.1515/9783110712742-061. ISBN 978-3-11-071274-2.
- ^ Gatschet, Albert S. 1891. The Karankawa Indians, the coast people of Texas. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology.
- ^ Gatschet, Albert S. & John R. Swanton. 1932. Dictionary of the Atakapa language accompanied by text material. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 108). Washington: Government Printing Office.
- ^ Grant, Anthony P. 1994. Karankawa linguistic materials. Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 19(2). 1–56.
- ^ Hoijer, Harry. 2018. Tonkawa texts: a new linguistic edition. Edited by Thomas R. Wier. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
- ^ Chafe, Wallace. 2018. The Caddo language: a grammar, texts, and dictionary based on materials collected by the author in Oklahoma between 1960 and 1970. Petoskey, MI: Mundart Press.
- ^ Grant, Anthony P. 1995. John Sibley’s Adai vocabulary: a contribution to Caddoan lexicography? Paper presented at the 15th annual Siouan and Caddoan Languages Conference, Albuquerque, NM.
- ^ Drechsel, Emanuel J. 1996. An integrated vocabulary of Mobilian Jargon, a native American pidgin of the Mississippi Valley. Anthropological Linguistics 38. 248–354.
- ^ Grant, Anthony P. 1995. "A note on Bidai." European Review of Native American Studies 9:45–47.
| Federally recognized tribes | |
|---|---|
| Indigenous languages | |
| Historical Indigenous peoples of Texas (Several are in Oklahoma today) |
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| Related topics | |
† extinct language / ≠ extinct tribe / >< early, obsolete name of Indigenous tribe / ° people absorbed into other tribe(s) / * headquartered in Oklahoma today | |
This page was last edited on 25 January 2024, at 23:16