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The Bhaktamara Stotra (Sanskrit: भक्तामरस्तोत्र, romanized: bhaktāmara-stotra, lit. 'Hymn of an immortal devotee') is a Jain religious hymn (stotra) written in Sanskrit. Composed of 48 verses, it was authored by Manatunga (7th century CE).[1]
The hymn praises Rishabhanatha, the first Tirthankara of Jainism in this time cycle.
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Bhaktamar Stotra by Lata Mangeshkar | Hindi Indian Devotional Music
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Fast भक्तामर स्तोत्र | Bhaktamar Stotra | Deepak-Roopak Jain सुबह शाम घर-आफिस गाड़ी में सुने पढ़ें
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फास्ट भक्तामर स्त्रोत 12 मिनट में Fast || bhaktamar stotra 12 मिनट
Transcription
Authorship
Bhakamara Stotra was composed by Manatunga in 6th century CE.[2] Legends associate Manatunga with a ruler named Bhoja. However, Manatunga probably lived a few centuries before Bhoja. He is identified by some scholars as Kshapanaka, one of the Navaratnas in the court of legendary Vikramaditya. An unidentified Sanskrit poet Matanga, composer of Brahaddeshi on music theory, may also have been the same person.
Bhaktamara Stotra was composed sometime in the Gupta or the post-Gupta period, making Manatunga approximately contemporary with other navaratnas like Kalidasa and Varahamihira. Several spots near Bhopal and Dhar are traditionally associated with Manatunga.[citation needed]
According to a legend, Manatunga composed this hymn while chained and imprisoned by King Bhoj. As he completed each verse, he was getting closer to liberation, such as the chain breaking or the prison door miraculously opening. Manatunga was free when all the verses were finished.
The hymn is recognised by both Digambara and Śvetambara sects of Jainism. The Digambaras recite all its 48 verses, while the Śvetambaras only recite 44 verses.
Structure
Bhaktamara Stotra has 44 stanzas. Every stanza has four parts. Every part has 14 letters. The complete panegyric is formed by 2688 letters.
The Bhaktamara Stotra is composed in the meter Vasantatilaka. All the fourteen syllables of this meter are equally divided between short and long syllables i.e. seven laghu and seven gurus and this belongs to sakvari group of meters.[3]
Bhaktamara Stotra is recited as a stotra (prayer) or sung as a hymn, somewhat interchangeably.
Influence
Bhaktamara Stotra has influenced other Jain prayers, such as the Kalyānamandira Stotra, devoted to the twenty-third tirthankara, and the Svayambhu Stotra, devoted to all the twenty-four Tirthankaras. Additional verses here praise the omniscience of Adinatha.[4][5]
Bhaktamara Stotra is widely illustrated in paintings.[6][7] At the Sanghiji temple at Sanganer, there is a panel illustrating each verse. There is a temple at Bharuch with a section dedicated to the Bhaktamara and its author Manatunga.[8]
Devotees believe that the verses of Bhaktamara Stotra possess magical properties, and associate a mystical diagram (yantra) with each verse.
References
- ^ Jain 2012, p. xi.
- ^ Orsini & Schofield 1981, p. 88.
- ^ Bhaktamar Stotra: The Song of Salvation, ISBN 9788190082396
- ^ The A to Z of Jainism, ISBN 0810868210
- ^ Svayambhu Stotra: Adoration of the Twenty-four Tirthankara, ISBN 8190363972
- ^ "Bhaktamar Mantras". Archived from the original on 24 January 2001. Retrieved 19 March 2007.
- ^ "Sumant Shah series of paintings". Greatindianarts.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007.
- ^ Shri Bharuch Teerth Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
- Dundas, Paul (2002) [1992], The Jains (Second ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-415-26605-X
- Jain, Vijay K. (2012), Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya, Vikalp Printers, ISBN 9788190363945
- Orsini, Francesca; Schofield, Katherine Butler, eds. (1981), Tellings and Texts: Music, Literature and Performance in North India, Open Book Publishers, ISBN 978-1-78374-105-2
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This page was last edited on 17 March 2024, at 11:55