Премия имени Грейс Мюррей Хоппер

For the creation of WATFOR Compiler, the first member of a powerful new family of diagnostic and educational programming tools.

For his successful development and implementation of the Navy's COBOL Compiler Validation System.

For his pioneering research which is embodied in the MYCIN program. MYCIN is a program which consults with physicians about the diagnosis and treatment of infections. In creating MYCIN, Shortliffe employed his background of medicine, together with his research in knowledge-based systems design, to produce an integrated package which is easy for expert physicians to use and extend. Shortliffe's work formed the basis for a research program supported by NIH, and has been widely studied and drawn upon by others in the field of knowledge-based systems.

For his development of a unique reading machine for the blind, a computer-based device that reads printed pages aloud. The Kurzweil machine is an 80-pound device that shoots a beam of light across each printed page, converts the reflected light across each printed page, converts the reflected light into digital data that is analyzed by its built-in computer, and then transformed into synthetic speech. It is expected to make reading of all printed material possible for blind people, whose reading was previously limited to material translated into Braille. The machine would not have been possible without another achievement by Kurzweil, that is, a set of rules embodied in the mini-computer program by which printed characters of a wide variety of sizes and shapes are reliably and automatically recognized.

For his work in the development of local networks, specifically the Ethernet.

For his contributions in the area of computerized text-production and typesetting systems, specifically Scribe which represents a major advance in this area. It embodies several innovations based on computer science research in programming language design, knowledge-based systems, computer document processing, and typography. The impact of Scribe has been substantial due to the excellent documentation and Reid's efforts to spread the system.

For seminal contributions to object-oriented programming languages and related programming techniques. The theories of languages and development systems known as "Smalltalk" laid the foundation for explorations in new software methodologies, graphical user interface designs, and forms of on-line assistance to the software development process.

For his work on the Berkeley UNIX Operating System as a designer, integrator, and implementor of many of its advanced features including Virtual Memory, the C-shell, the vi Screen editor, and Networking.

For his general contributions to the development of Higher Order Symbolic Programming, principally for his advancement of lexical scoping in LISP.

For pioneering work in the development of the extensible editor EMACS (Editing Macros)

For her early work relating computation, randomness, knowledge committee and proofs, which has shaped the foundations of probabilistic computation theory, computational number theory, and cryptography.

For her seminal work on the probabilistic roadmap approach which has caused a paradigm shift in the area of path planning, and has many applications in robotics, manufacturing, nanotechnology and computational biology.

For his seminal work on mining association rules, which has led to association rules becoming a key data mining tool as well as part of the core syllabus in database and data mining courses.

For models, algorithms, and deployed systems that assure stable and efficient Internet routing without global coordination.

For the design of a system capable of learning a high-quality grammar for English directly from text.

For his ground-breaking work on automated program checking and bug-finding.

For his breakthrough construction of a fully homomorphic encryption scheme, enabling arbitrary computations to be performed on encrypted data without the data being decrypted.

For her seminal contributions to the theory and practice of network congestion control and bandwidth allocation.

For technical contributions to the problem of object detection in images which have had very high impact in the fields of computer vision and machine learning.

For the introduction and development of the concepts of Attribute-Based Encryption and Functional Encryption.

For developing HARVEY, a massively parallel circulatory simulation code capable of modeling the full human arterial system at subcellular resolution and fostering discoveries that will serve as a basis for improving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human diseases.