Under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB), there are 70 biosphere reserves recognized as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in African states as of 2016. These are distributed across 28 countries. While biosphere reserves in West African, East African, Central African and Southern African countries are organised in the AfriMAB regional network, biosphere reserves in Northern African countries are organised in the ArabMAB, UNESCO's regional MAB network (see World Network of Biosphere Reserves in the Arab States for reserves in these countries).
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Carbon Insetting Origins, Creating Shared Value & Carbon Footprint Innovation
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What are National Nature Reserves?
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Difference Between National Park,Wildlife Sanctuary,Biosphere Reserve
Transcription
Most people have heard of carbon offsetting, where we compensate for all, or part of our carbon footprint, by paying other people to reduce carbon. "So this concept insetting, it is looking at emission from a slightly different perspective or lens than in relation to offsetting." This new approach is an example of what can be called shared value creation. It's based on the idea of forming new positive relationships, but seeks to create carbon reductions from within an existing network. Every single organization on the planet is responsible for releasing carbon dioxide into the earth's atmosphere and contributing to climate change. How much depends on what we do. What we make, how we transport thingsm how we heat our buildings, and a whole host of other variables. The emissions that occur from the business can be looked at in terms of not just emissions from the operation of the business, but also activities that occur in supply chain, customers, maybe neighbours or partners. The idea is to work with those customers or suppliers or neighbours or other partners to create reductions within their areas of activity." In other words, you look at the people you are already working with, the people you buy from, the people you sell to, you're stakeholders, and you look to form carbon reduction projects with these people. Carbon Insetting offers great potential for creating shared value and carbon management, and the Plan Vivo network is actively looking opportunities. Cristina Talens, from Source UK, has recently launched Climate Change Coffee, where participating Plan Vivo farmers are being paid to plant trees to help manage the carbon footprint of this news ethical coffee brand. "It is basically 30 communities of Mayan and Mestiz farmers, 2000 farmers, reforesting an area around Ocote Biosphere Reservee. We are loosing the world's forests at an alarming rate. They are effectively creating a buffer zone. This buffer zone is going to protect 2000 plant species and 5500 animal species in this incredible, beautiful area." Plan Vivo has been promoting this kind of holistic approach. "From the business perspective you're often doing things that actually make your business more competitive, create cost reductions, create added value for your customers and create things that reflect well on your business." Progressive mainstream retailers are also looking at working within their existing networks to reduce carbon emissions. Ben Norbury, from The Cooperative Group, sees great potential for this news relationship strengthening version of carbon offsetting. "We wanted to develop cooperatives and as a cooperative, there is a whole international community and we all try and we all try an encourage the cooperative business model." Done well, this approach assists vulnerable communities. strengthening livelihoods and protecting ecosystems.
The list
Below is the list of biosphere reserves in Africa, organized by country/territory, along with the year these were designated as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
Benin
- Pendjari (1986)
- 'W' Region (2002, together with Burkina Faso and Niger)
- Mono River (2017, shared with Togo)[1]
Burkina Faso
- Mare aux Hippopotames (1986)
- 'W' Region (2002, together with Benin and Niger)
Cameroon
Central African Republic
- Basse-Lobaye (1977)
- Bamingui-Bangoran (1979)
Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Egypt
- Omayed (1981, extension 1998)
- Wadi Allaqi (1993)
Ethiopia
Gabon
- Impassa-Makokou (1983)
Ghana
- Bia National Park (1983)
- Songor (2011)
- Lake Bosomtwe (2016)
Guinea
- Mount Nimba (1980)
- Massif du Ziama (1980)
- Badiar (2002)
- Haut Niger (2002)
Guinea-Bissau
- Boloma Bijagós (1996)
Kenya
- Mount Kenya (1978)
- Mount Kulal (1978)
- Malindi-Watamu (1979)
- Kiunga (1980)
- Amboseli (1991)
- Mount Elgon (2003)
Madagascar
- Mananara Nord National Park (1990)
- Sahamalaza-Iles Radama (2001)
- Littoral de Toliara (2003)
Malawi
- Mount Mulanje (2000)
- Lake Chilwa (2006)
Mali
- Boucle du Baoulé (1982)
Mauritania
- Sénégal River Delta (2005, together with Senegal)
Mauritius
- Macchabee/Bel Ombre (1977)
Morocco
- Arganeraie (1998)
- Oasis du sud marocain (2000)
- Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean (together with Spain) (2006)
- Atlas Cedar (2016)
Niger
- Aïr et Ténéré (1977)
- 'W' Region (2002, together with Benin and Burkina Faso)
- Gababedji (2017)[1]
Nigeria
- Omo (1977)[5]
Rwanda
- Volcans (1983)
São Tomé and Príncipe
- Island of Príncipe (2012)
Senegal
- Samba Dia (1979)
- Delta du Saloum (1980)
- Niokolo-Koba (1981)
- Sénégal River Delta (2005, together with Mauritania)
- Ferlo (2012)[6]
South Africa
- Kogelberg Nature Reserve (1998)
- Cape West Coast (2000)
- Waterberg (2001)
- Kruger to Canyons Biosphere (2001)
- Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve (2007)
- Vhembe Biosphere Reserve (2009) (ref Vhembe)
- Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve (2015)
- Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve (2015)
- Garden Route (2017)[1]
- Marico Biosphere Reserve (2018)
Sudan
- Dinder (1979)
- Radom (1979)
- Jebel Dair (2017)[1]
Togo
- Oti-Keran / Oti-Mandouri (2011)
- Mono River (2017, shared with Benin)[1]
Uganda
- Queen Elizabeth (Rwenzori) (1979)
- Mount Elgon (2005)
Tanzania
- Lake Manyara (1981)
- Serengeti-Ngorongoro (1981)
- East Usambara (2000)
- Jozani-Chwaka Bay (2016)
Zimbabwe
- Middle Zambezi (2010)
References
- ^ a b c d e f "23 new sites added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves". UNESCO. 14 June 2017.
- ^ "Luki". UNESCO. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ a b "UNESCO announces selection of 13 new Biosphere Reserves". UNESCO MAB 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
- ^ "Biosphere Reserve Sheka (Ethiopia)". UNESCO MAB 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
- ^ "Omo". UNESCO. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ "Biosphere Reserve Ferlo (Senegal)". UNESCO MAB 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
External links
- UNESCO list of biosphere reserves in Africa
- Database of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves
- AfriMAB website
- ArabMAB website