Way of a Gaucho

Way of a Gaucho
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Jacques Tourneur
Screenplay by	Philip Dunne
Based on	The novel Way of a Gaucho by Herbert Childs
Produced by	Philip Dunne
Starring	Gene Tierney Rory Calhoun Richard Boone
Cinematography	Harry Jackson
Edited by	Robert Fritch
Music by	Sol Kaplan
Color process	Technicolor
Production company	20th Century Fox
Distributed by	20th Century Fox
Release date	October 16, 1952 (1952-10-16)
Running time	91 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$2.239 million
Box office	$1.4 million (US rentals)^[1]

Way of a Gaucho is a 1952 American Western drama film directed by Jacques Tourneur and starring Gene Tierney and Rory Calhoun. It was written by Philip Dunne and based on a novel by Herbert Childs.

The film was made by 20th Century Fox and shot on location in Argentina. It was one of a growing trend of Runaway productions which saw American production shift away from Hollywood to other countries, particularly Britain and Italy, where the Hollywood studios had large amounts of money frozen because of currency controls. During World War II the Argentinian market had remained open to Hollywood films and Fox had built up significant earnings which they were unable to spend outside the country.

The film failed to make a profit on its release. The story portrays the adventures of an Argentine rebel gaucho, a South American cattleman considered a variant of the Mexican vaquero and the American cowboy.

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Plot

In 1875 Argentina, a young gaucho kills another man in a duel. His prison sentence is commuted to joining the army. He serves under the tough Major Salinas, but soon grows tired of military life and deserts. He becomes Valverde and leads a band of gauchos to resist the increasing encroachment of railroad agents into the Pampas.

In the meantime Salinas quits the army and becomes chief of police, so he can continue his vendetta against him. After falling in love with an aristocratic woman, Martin decides to escape with her to Chile, crossing the Andes on horseback. On the way Teresa tells him that she is pregnant, so they decide to return and get married instead, because of her safety and that for them is inconceivable for the child to be raised without a legitimate last name.

When they arrive at the cathedral, the police follow them so Martin has to escape again, leaving Teresa in the care of Father Fernandez. That night Martin's childhood friend Miguel talks with Teresa about a deal he reached with the Governor, in which Martin voluntarily turns himself in, in exchange for a 3-year prison sentence and a clean slate.

Teresa tells Miguel where Martin is hiding, but Salinas also follows, prompting a horse chase through a cattle run, that causes Miguel to fall from his horse and be trampled to death by the herd. That same night, Martin returns filled with guilt to meet Teresa and while she offers to escape to Brazil or Europe, he declines and tells her to meet him at noon at the cathedral. The next day Father Fernandez arranges a meeting alone with Salinas, where Martin agrees to turn himself in and face the consequences of his actions, as long as he can first marry Teresa as a free man.

Cast

Rory Calhoun as Martin Penalosa
Gene Tierney as Teresa Chavez
Richard Boone as Maj. Salinas
Hugh Marlowe as Don Miguel Aleondo
Everett Sloane as Falcon

Production

Development

The film was based on a novel by Herbert Childs which was published in 1948.^[2]^[3] The New York Times called it an "admirable first novel".^[4]

20th Century Fox bought the film rights in July 1950.^[5] Henry King was the original director assigned and it was hoped to star Tyrone Power.^[6] Philip Dunne wrote the script and in January 1951 he was promoted to producer. (Fox often promoted writers to producers – such as Charles Brackett, Lamar Trotti and Nunnally Johnson.)^[7]

By March there was talks that Power would no longer star.^[8] Then in May King, who wanted to direct another movie, was replaced by Jacques Tourneur, who had just signed a long-term contract with the studio.^[9]

The studio wanted Power to star, but he was unhappy with continually being cast in period movies. He refused to star in Lydia Bailey and was put on suspension by Fox, which meant he missed out on Gaucho. (Power would later come to terms with the studio and appear in Diplomatic Courier.) In August the lead role was given to Rory Calhoun, who the studio were grooming for stardom.^[10] "I've had my eye on Rory for several years", said Darryl Zanuck, head of Fox, "but he was under contract to another studio."^[11]

The female lead was given to Jean Peters.^[12] The third lead was given to Richard Boone, who had made a number of movies for Fox.^[13]

Dunne and Tourneur left for South America in late August to do location filming. Dunne estimated the budget would be around $2 million.^[14]

Peters asked to be excused from the film for ill health and was replaced by Gene Tierney.^[15]

Shooting

There were political disturbances in Argentina before and during filming but it was decided to proceed anyway.^[16] Filming began October 8, 1951.

Apart from the leading parts, English-speaking Argentine actors were hired. The film's production was troubled, in part because of a tense relationship between the filmmakers and the Peronist government of Argentina. The story is freely based on the epic poem Martín Fierro (1872 and 1879) by Argentine poet, politician and journalist José Hernández. The film's producer and screenwriter Philip Dunne observed that Juan Perón's followers "had made the legendary gaucho, then almost extinct, a national hero and symbol of their own aggressive nationalism" and the script was closely monitored by the Minister of Information Raul Apold.^[17] The budget overran by $413,000 and eventually cost $2,239,000.^[18]

"We believe we've got a good picture", said Dunne towards the end of the shoot. "The scenery has been magnificent and Darryl Zanuck gave me some of his best people to work with. We've made everything authentic for the period... We were budgeted for $2 million for the picture, about half in dollars, half in pesos. But we didn't make the picture here just to use blocked pesos. Zanuck told me he wanted to make a great picture. He got one."^[19]

Legacy

The making of a Gaucho film in Argentina by a major United States film studio inspired the local studios to make a Western movie in Argentina for the first time. El último cow-boy (The Last Cowboy) is the result, an Argentinian black and white film directed by Juan Sires, based on the script by Eric Della Valle and Miguel Petruccelli, that premiered on February 25, 1954 and had as its cast: Augusto Codeca, Hector Calcaño, Hector Quintanilla and Pedro Laxalt. The film was initially going to be called "Camino del Cow-boy" (The Way of The Cowboy), seeking to replicate in jocular form Tourneur's Camino del Gaucho/Way of a Gaucho.

References

^ 'Top Box-Office Hits of 1952', Variety, January 7, 1953
^ "Law Defied by Gaucho for Honor". Los Angeles Times. November 14, 1948. p. D5.
^ Jackson, Joseph Henry (October 14, 1948). "BOOKMAN'S NOTEBOOK: A Gaucho's Freedom". Los Angeles Times. p. A5.
^ MATCH, RICHARD (October 31, 1948). "Review 1 -- No Title: WAY OF A GAUCHO. By Herbert Childs". New York Times. p. BR23.
^ THOMAS F. BRADY (July 14, 1950). "CASTS ARE CHOSEN FOR WARNER FILMS: ALL SET TO OPEN HERE". New York Times. p. 29.
^ THOMAS F. BRADY (November 2, 1950). "THREE LAWSUITS ENLIVEN FILMDOM: Groucho Marx Seeks $35,000 Damages From Producers-- R.K.O. Files on 'Stromboli' Of Local Origin". THE NEW YORK TIMES. p. 39.
^ "Drama: Dore Schary Picture List Rated Notable". Los Angeles Times. January 26, 1951. p. A8.
^ Schallert, Edwin (March 19, 1951). "Drama: Louis Hayward Sets Producing Deal; Lisa Golm's Career Active". Los Angeles Times. p. B9.
^ Schallert, Edwin (May 2, 1951). "Drama: Robert Ryan Would Star in 'Counsellor-at-Law;' Erickson Gigi's Papa". Los Angeles Times. p. A11.
^ THOMAS M. PRYOR (August 14, 1951). "CALHOUN GETS LEAD IN ADVENTURE FILM: Will Have Top Role in 'Way of a Gaucho,' Part Rejected by Tyrone Power at Fox Role for Barbara Stanwyck". New York Times. p. 20.
^ Hedda Hopper (October 19, 1952). "Inroads Made by Television No Worry to Darryl Zanuck". Los Angeles Times. p. E3.
^ THOMAS M. PRYOR (August 18, 1951). "FANCHON & MARCO LOSES $300,000 SUIT: U.S. Court Rules Clearance in Film Bookings Does Not Violate Anti-Trust Laws List of Defendants". New York Times. p. 7.
^ THOMAS M. PRYOR (August 24, 1951). "MOVIE PROMOTION IS FOUND WANTING: Survey Shows Advertising and Publicity on New Films Falls Short of Mark in 1946 Preminger, Kurnitz Team Up". THE NEW YORK TIMES. p. 25.
^ HOWARD THOMPSON (August 26, 1951). "BY WAY OF REPORT: The South American Way At Fox--Disney Docket CRYSTAL GAZER: AGENDA: OF GANDHI". New York Times. p. X5.
^ THOMAS M. PRYOR (September 26, 1951). "KRAMER SPLITTING WITH FILM PARTNER: Producer Says He Is in 'Total Disagreement' With Foreman Company Will Meet Gene Tierney Takes Role". New York Times. p. 36.
^ THOMAS M. PRYOR (September 29, 1951). "FOX SEEKS TO CALL CREW IN ARGENTINA: Uprising Worries Studio, for 'Way of a Gaucho' Group Is to Do Work There New Find at Warners". New York Times. p. 9.
^ Lev p.149
^ Solomon p.110
^ FOSTER HAILEY, BUENOS AIRES (January 13, 1952). "ACROSS THE PAMPAS WITH 'WAY OF A GAUCHO': Scorpions, Casting and Language Among Problems Faced in 1,875-Mile Trek". New York Times. p. X5.

Bibliography

Fujiwara, Chris. Jacques Tourneur: The Cinema of Nightfall. McFarland & Co, 1998.
Lev, Peter. The Fifties: Transforming the Screen 1950–1959. University of California Press, 2003.
Solomon, Aubrey. Twentieth Century-Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. Scarecrow Press, 1988.