To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

How to transfigure the Wikipedia

Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? We have created a browser extension. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology.

Try it — you can delete it anytime.

Install in 5 seconds
4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
Languages
Recent
Show all languages
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
Great Wikipedia has got greater.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

Walter Adolph

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Walter Adolph
Adolph as a Hauptmann
Born(1913-06-11)11 June 1913
Fântânele, Kingdom of Romania
Died18 September 1941(1941-09-18) (aged 28)
North Sea, off Ostend, German-occupied Belgium
Cause of deathKilled in action
Buried
Lommel, Belgium
(Block 38-grave 459)
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch
Balkenkreuz (Iron Cross) Luftwaffe
Years of service193?–41
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitJ/88, JG 26
Commands heldII./JG 26
Battles/wars
See battles

Spanish Civil War

World War II

AwardsSpanish Cross in Gold with Swords
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Walter Adolph (11 June 1913 – 18 September 1941) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator in the Spanish Civil War and a fighter ace during World War II. He is credited with 25 aerial victories, including one in Spain, achieved in 79 combat missions. All his World War II victories were claimed over the Western Front.

Born in Fântânele, Romania, Adolph served in the Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War, where he claimed his first aerial victory on 30 December 1937. He was made Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 2. Staffel (2nd squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1–1st Fighter Wing), a squadron which was later redesignated 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27–27th Fighter Wing). In October 1940, he was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26–26th Fighter Wing) and received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 13 November 1940. On 16 September 1941, he was killed in action with Supermarine Spitfire fighters from No. 41 Squadron.

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/2
    Views:
    135 784
    13 063
  • Walter Gropius - Bauhaus in Dessau
  • walter gropius

Transcription

Early life and career

Adolph was born on 11 June 1913 at Fântânele, Bacău County, Romania. After the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, he moved with his family to Germany.[1] From late 1937 until spring 1938, he served with 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of Jagdgruppe 88 (J/88–88th Fighter Group) of the Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War.[2][Note 1] Adolph arrived in Spain at the time J/88 received a complement of 14 new Messerschmitt Bf 109 B-2 fighters.[3] He claimed one victory,[4] a Republican Polikarpov I-15 fighter, on 30 December 1937. He was awarded the Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords (Spanienkreuz in Gold mit Schwertern), for his service in the Spanish Civil War.[5]

On 1 January 1939, Adolph was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 130 (JG 130–130th Fighter Wing), a squadron of I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 130 under the command of Hauptmann Bernhard Woldenga. This unit was renamed on 1 May 1939 and was then referred to 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1–1st Fighter Wing) from then on.[6] In mid-August 1939, 2. Staffel was ordered to move from Jesau, near present-day Bagrationovsk, to Heiligenbeil, present-day Mamonovo, in preparation for the German Invasion of Poland.[7][8]

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. On 6 September, I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 1 was withdrawn and ordered to Lübeck-Blankensee and then on 15 September to Vörden where the unit stayed until January 1940. There, the Gruppe flew fighter protection during the "Phoney War" on the German border to the Netherlands.[9][10] Adolph claimed his first aerial victory in World War II on 1 October 1939 over Osnabrück. His opponent was a Royal Air Force (RAF) Bristol Blenheim N6281 of No. 139 Squadron flown by F/O AC MacLachlan.[11][12][13]

In mid-January 1940, I. Gruppe was ordered to an airfield at Gymnich, today part of Erftstadt, where the unit was tasked with patrolling Germany's western border. There, the Gruppe continuously conducted various flight exercises. In late April, the unit received the first Bf 109 E-4 variant, replacing the Bf 109 E-3s.[14]

Battle of France and Britain

The Wehrmacht launched the invasion of France and the Low Countries on 10 May 1940. During this campaign, I. Gruppe of JG 1 was subordinated to the Stab (headquarters unit) of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27–27th Fighter Wing) which was under the control of VIII. Fliegerkorps (8th Air Corps) under the command of Generaloberst Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen. That day, I. Gruppe flew combat air patrols in the area of Venlo–Tirlemont–Liège and later that day to Maastricht.[15] On 12 May, German forces began crossing the bridges over Meuse and Albert Canal. At first light, nine Bristol Blenheims belonging to No. 139 Squadron RAF took off from Plivot to bomb the bridgeheads. They ran into Bf 109s from Stab./JG 51, and 2. and 3./JG 27.[16] In defense of these bridges, I. Gruppe claimed ten bombers shot down, including three Blenheim bombers from No. 139 Squadron by Adolph.[17][18] No. 139 Squadron lost seven of the unescorted bombers.[16] On 16 May, I. Gruppe was moved to an airfield at Charleville.[17] On 6 June, Adolph was credited with two aerial victories over French Lioré et Olivier LeO 451 bombers in the vicinity of Montdidier, his fifth and last during the French campaign.[19]

I. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Plumetot on 30 June 1940 for combat against the RAF. On 5 July, the Luftwaffe began reorganizing its fighter units. In consequence, I. Gruppe of JG 1 was officially integrated into JG 27 as its III. Gruppe, with 2. Staffel of JG 1 then becoming the 8. Staffel of JG 27.[20] On 19 July, III. Gruppe escorted a number of Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers on a Kanalkampf mission to the Isle of Wight where they encountered a number of Hawker Hurricane fighters. The Gruppe claimed five Hurricans shot down, including one by Adolph.[21] The RAF attacked the Querqueville Airfield on the afternoon of 1 August. In defense of this attack, I. Gruppe claimed three aerial victories, including a Blenheim bomber shot down by Adolph near Cherbourg.[22] On 7 September, the Luftwaffe launched Operation Loge, a 65-day air offensive against London. That day, Adolph claimed a Supermarine Spitfire destroyed south of Stanford.[23]

Group commander and death

Adolph was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26–26th Fighter Wing) on 4 October 1940.[24] JG 26 was named after Albert Leo Schlageter, a martyr cultivated by the Nazi Party.[25] On 11 October, Adolph claimed his tenth and eleventh aerial victory over two Spitfire fighters. Both Spitfires came from No. 41 Squadron and were shot down off the coast of Kent near Maidstone. Four days later, he claimed a Hurricane destroyed near London. The Hurricane either belonged to No. 46 Squadron or No. 501 Squadron.[26] His 13th victory, a No. 603 Squadron Spitfire, was claimed on 25 October in aerial combat near Maidstone.[27] Adolph's victim, Pilot Officer Ludwig Martel, flying P7350, lost consciousness and when he came around found he was flying upside down with a dead engine and promptly parachuted to safety.[28]

His next victory was claimed on 1 November over a No. 74 Squadron Spitfire, also shot down near Maidstone.[29] On 8 November, Adolph was credited with his 15th aerial victory, a Spitfire claimed near Tonbridge. That day, II. Gruppe had claimed four Spitfires shot down while British records show that two Hurricanes were lost while further two had to make a forced landing.[30] On 13 November 1940, Adolph was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) in parts for increasing the combat performance of II. Gruppe.[31]

Lommel German war cemetery – Walter Adolph

On 17 June, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 13 targeting the Etabs Kuhlmann Chemical Works and power station at Chocques. In total, No. 2 Group sent 24 Blenheim bombers, escorted by fighters from North Weald and Biggin Hill. JG 26 claimed 15 aerial victories including a Hurricane by Adolph.[32][Note 2] The RAF flew "Circus" No. 24 on 26 June with the objective to bomb the electrical power station at Comines with 28 bombers. Adolph claimed his 18th aerial victory that day, shooting down a Spitfire.[34] On 1 July, II. Gruppe began relocating to Moorsele Airfield where the unit was closer to the RAF "Circus" routes. The infrastructure at Moorsele was ideal for the planned transition to the then new Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter aircraft which began arriving in July.[35][36] On 6 July, the RAF flew another "Circus". No. 35 targeted Lille and the Fives-Lille engineering company. In defense of this attack, Adolph shot down a Spitfire from No. 74 Squadron.[37] On 23 July, JG 26 claimed four Blenheim bombers shot down from No. 21 Squadron off the Scheldt Estuary and Ostend, including Adolph's 21st aerial victory.[38] On 16 August, Adolph claimed aerial victories numbering 23 and 24 of World War II while defending against "Circus" No. 75. That day, he shot down a No. 602 Squadron Spitfire 20 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of Boulogne and a No. 602 Squadron 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Marquise.[39]

On 18 September 1941, elements of JG 26 escorted a German tanker through the English Channel. The tanker came under attack by three Blenheim bombers just off the coast near Blankenberge. The bombers were escorted by Spitfire fighters from No. 41 Squadron and Hurricane fighters from No. 615 Squadron. Adolph headed a flight of eight Fw 190 from II. Gruppe in defense of the tanker. Following the attack on the tanker, one Blenheim bomber was claimed shot down by a German pilot.[40] Adolph, while observing the crashed bomber, was shot down and killed in his Fw 190 A-1 (Werknummer 0028—factory number) 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Ostend.[41][42][43] The British flying ace F/O Cyril Babbage of No. 41 Squadron is believed to have shot down Adolph.[44][45] Adolph's Fw 190 was the first of its kind to be lost in aerial combat.[2][46] Adolph's successor as Gruppenkommandeur was Hauptmann Joachim Müncheberg who took command of II. Gruppe on 19 September.[47] On 12 October 1941, his body was washed ashore near Knokke, Belgium and was interred at the Lommel German war cemetery.[48]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

Author Spick lists him with 28 aerial victories, claimed in 79 combat missions.[49] That are three victories more than authors Obermaier,[2] Caldwell,[39] Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock attribute him with.[50] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for more than 21 aerial victory claims, plus four further unconfirmed claims. This number includes one claim during the Spanish Civil War and 20 on the Western Front of World War II.[5]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
Spanish Civil War
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgruppe 88 –[5]
Spanish Civil War — January 1937 – January 1938
1 30 December 1937
—
 I-15
World War II
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 –[5]
"Phoney War" — 1 September 1939 – 9 May 1940
1 1 October 1939 14:10 Blenheim Bad Driburg[51]
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 –[5]
Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940
2 12 May 1940 06:00 Blenheim vicinity of Maastricht[52] 5?[Note 3] 6 June 1940
—
 LeO 451 Montdidier[53]
3 12 May 1940 06:07 Blenheim vicinity of Maastricht[52] 6?[Note 3] 6 June 1940
—
 LeO 451 Montdidier[53]
4 12 May 1940 10:37 Blenheim vicinity of Liège[52]
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 27 –[5]
Action at the Channel and over England — 26 June – 30 September 1940
7 19 July 1940 18:25 Hurricane off the Isle of Wight[54] 9 7 September 1940 18:25 Spitfire south of Stanford[54]
8 1 August 1940 16:45 Blenheim vicinity of Cherbourg[54]
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[5]
Action at the Channel and over England — 3 October – 21 June 1941
10 11 October 1940 17:38 Spitfire Maidstone[55] 14 1 November 1940 12:50 Spitfire Maidstone[55]
11 11 October 1940 17:38 Spitfire Maidstone[55] 15 8 November 1940 14:50 Spitfire Tonbridge[55]
12 15 October 1940 14:10 Hurricane London[55] 16 17 June 1941 19:50 Hurricane Boulogne[56]
13 25 October 1940 11:04 Spitfire Maidstone[55]
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[5]
Action at the Channel and over England — 22 June – 18 September 1941
17 22 June 1941 16:00 Spitfire Gravelines[57] 21 23 July 1941 14:20 Blenheim Ostend[57]
18 26 June 1941 11:55 Spitfire Mardyck[57] 22 24 July 1941 14:55?[Note 4] Spitfire 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Gravelines[57]
19 6 July 1941 14:45?[Note 5] Spitfire Wormhout[57]
vicinity of Calais 		23?[Note 3] 16 August 1941 09:30?[Note 6] Spitfire 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Boulogne[50]
20 8 July 1941 15:30 Spitfire Gravelines[57] 24?[Note 3] 16 August 1941 19:30?[Note 7] Spitfire 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Marquise[50]

Awards

Notes

  1. ^ For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  2. ^ According to Caldwell, this was "Circus" No. 14.[33]
  3. ^ a b c d According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is unconfirmed.[5]
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 14:56.[5]
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 14:15.[5]
  6. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:35.[5]
  7. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:45.[5]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 52.
  2. ^ a b c d e Obermaier 1989, p. 81.
  3. ^ Braatz 2005, p. 164.
  4. ^ Forsyth 2017, p. 7.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 8.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2000a, p. 94.
  7. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, p. 2.
  8. ^ Prien et al. 2000a, p. 89.
  9. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, p. 25.
  10. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 33.
  11. ^ Shores, Foreman & Ehrengardt 1992, p. 81.
  12. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, p. 31.
  13. ^ Weal 2003, p. 13.
  14. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, pp. 31, 33.
  15. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 70.
  16. ^ a b Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999, pp. 81–82.
  17. ^ a b Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, p. 54.
  18. ^ Forsyth 2017, p. 12.
  19. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, pp. 54, 339.
  20. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, p. 70.
  21. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, pp. 70, 72, 339.
  22. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, pp. 72, 339.
  23. ^ Prien, Rodeike & Stemmer 1995, pp. 73, 340.
  24. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 80.
  25. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 3.
  26. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 81–83.
  27. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 83–84.
  28. ^ Bergström 2015, p. 261.
  29. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 85–86.
  30. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 86–88.
  31. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 87.
  32. ^ Franks 2016, pp. 46, 49.
  33. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 136.
  34. ^ Franks 2016, p. 68.
  35. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 143.
  36. ^ Hooton 1999, p. 112.
  37. ^ Franks 2016, pp. 91, 94.
  38. ^ Franks 2016, p. 125.
  39. ^ a b Caldwell 1996, p. 166.
  40. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 176–177.
  41. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 181.
  42. ^ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 524, 536.
  43. ^ Price 1977, p. 32.
  44. ^ Foreman 2005, p. 103.
  45. ^ Goss 2018, p. 174.
  46. ^ Thomas 2016, p. 45.
  47. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 528.
  48. ^ Goss 2018, p. 175.
  49. ^ Spick 1999, p. 104.
  50. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 533.
  51. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 43.
  52. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2000b, p. 77.
  53. ^ a b Prien et al. 2000b, p. 79.
  54. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2002, p. 420.
  55. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2002, p. 312.
  56. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 313.
  57. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2003, p. 531.
  58. ^ Goss 2018, p. 173.
  59. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 114.
  60. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 188.

Bibliography

  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish] (2015). The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited. Oxford, UK: Casemate. ISBN 978-1612-00347-4.
  • Braatz, Kurt [in German] (2005). Gott oder ein Flugzeug – Leben und Sterben des Jagdfliegers Günther Lützow [God or an Airplane – Life and Death of Fighter Pilot Günther Lützow] (in German). Moosburg, Germany: NeunundzwanzigSechs Verlag. ISBN 978-3-9807935-6-8.
  • Caldwell, Donald L. (1996). The JG 26 War Diary: Volume One 1939–1942. London, UK: Grubstreet. ISBN 978-1-898697-52-7.
  • Cull, Brian; Lander, Bruce; Weiss, Heinrich (1999). Twelve Days in May. London: Grub Street Publishing. ISBN 978-1-902304-12-0.
  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1939–1942. Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-52677-864-2.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Foreman, John (2005). RAF Fighter Command Victory Claims, Part Two. Walton-on-Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-0-9546201-5-8.
  • Forsyth, Robert (2017). Jagdgeschwader 1 'Oesau' Aces 1939–45. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 134. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-2291-8.
  • Franks, Norman (2016). Fighter Command's Air War 1941: RAF Circus Operations and Fighter Sweeps Against the Luftwaffe. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-47384-723-1.
  • Franks, Norman (2008) [1997]. Royal Air Force Fighter Command Losses of the Second World War: Volume 1, Operational Losses Aircraft and Crews 1939–1941. Midland Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-286-3.
  • Goss, Chris (2018). Knights of the Battle of Britain — Luftwaffe Aircrew Awarded the Knight's Cross in 1940. Yorkshire, UK: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-52672-651-3.
  • Hooton, E. R. (1999). Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe. Brockhampton Press. ISBN 978-1-86019-995-0.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
  • Mason, Francis (1969). Battle Over Britain. London, UK: McWhirter Twins. ISBN 978-0-901928-00-9.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Price, Alfred (1977). Focke Wulf 190 At War. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-15323-0. LCCN 77-78704.
  • Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter; Stemmer, Gerhard (1995). Messerschmitt Bf 109 im Einsatz bei der III. und IV./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1938 – 1945 [Messerschmitt Bf 109 in Action with the III. and IV./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1938 – 1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-30-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2000a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 1—Vorkriegszeit und Einsatz über Polen—1934 bis 1939 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 1—Pre-War Period and Action over Poland—1934 to 1939] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-54-0.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 2—Der "Sitzkrieg"—1.9.1939 bis 9.5.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 2—The "Phoney War"—1 September 1939 to 9 May 1940] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-59-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2000b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 [Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940] (in German). Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-61-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/I—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/I—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-63-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-68-7.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Shores, Christopher; Foreman, John; Ehrengardt, Chris (1992). Fledgling Eagles. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-42-7.
  • Spick, Mike (1999). The Complete Fighter Ace - All the World's Fighter Aces, 1914–2000. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-374-0.
  • Thomas, Andrew (2016). Spitfire Aces of the Channel Front 1941–43. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 131. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-147281-258-2.
  • Weal, John (1996). Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 9. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-595-1.
  • Weal, John (2003). Jagdgeschwader 27 "Afrika". Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 12. London, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-538-9.
This page was last edited on 29 February 2024, at 06:58
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.
Contact WIKI 2
Introduction
Terms of Service
Privacy Policy