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1898 United States House of Representatives elections

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1898 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1896 June 6, September 6, September 12, and November 8, 1898[a] 1900 →

All 357 seats in the United States House of Representatives
179 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader David Henderson James Richardson
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1899 March 4, 1899
Leader's seat Iowa 3rd Tennessee 5th
Last election 206 seats 124 seats
Seats won 187[1] 161[1]
Seat change Decrease 19 Increase 37
Popular vote 5,305,230 4,828,592
Percentage 48.55% 44.18%
Swing Decrease 0.22% Increase 3.19%

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Populist Silver Republican
Last election 22 2
Seats won 5[1] 2[1]
Seat change Decrease 17 Steady
Popular vote 463,059 60,805
Percentage 4.24% 0.56%
Swing Decrease 2.62% Decrease 0.46%

  Fifth party Sixth party
 
Party Silver Independent
Last election 1 1
Seats won 1[1] 1[b]
Seat change Steady Steady
Popular vote 5,766 96,537
Percentage 0.05% 0.88%
Swing Steady Increase 0.31%

Speaker before election

Thomas Reed
Republican

Elected Speaker

David Henderson
Republican

The 1898 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1898, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They were held during the middle of President William McKinley's first term. Elections were held for 357 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 56th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.

As in many midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats, but was able to hold a majority over the Democratic Party. The Populist Party also lost many seats, as their movement began to decline. This was likely because many Populists rallied behind William Jennings Bryan's increasingly powerful branch of the Democratic Party, which built the rural economic issues advocated by Populists into their platform. As a result, the Democrats won a number of Western seats as well many in the Mid-Atlantic.

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Transcription

Election summaries

161 9 187
Democratic [c] Republican
State Type Total
seats
Democratic Populist Republican Silver/
Silver Rep.
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 9 8 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Arkansas District 6 6 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
California District 7 1 Decrease 1 0 Decrease 2 6 Increase 3 0 Steady
Colorado District 2 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady 1[d] Steady
Connecticut District 4 0 Steady 0 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady
Delaware At-large 1 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
Florida District 2 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Georgia District 11 11 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Idaho At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady 1[d] Increase 1
Illinois District 22 8 Increase 3 0 Steady 14 Decrease 3 0 Steady
Indiana District 13 4 Steady 0 Steady 9 Steady 0 Steady
Iowa District 11 0 Steady 0 Steady 11 Steady 0 Steady
Kansas District
+at-large
8 0 Steady 1 Decrease 5 7 Increase 5 0 Steady
Kentucky District 11 9 Increase 2 0 Steady 2 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Louisiana District 6 6 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Maine District 4 0 Steady 0 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland District 6 2 Increase 2 0 Steady 4 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Massachusetts District 13 3 Increase 2 0 Steady 10 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Michigan District 12 0 Decrease 2 0 Steady 12 Increase 2 0 Steady
Minnesota District 7 0 Steady 0 Steady 7 Steady 0 Steady
Mississippi District 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Missouri District 15 12 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
Montana At-large 1 1 Increase 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Decrease 1
Nebraska District 6 1 Increase 1 3 Decrease 1 2 Steady 0 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
New Hampshire District 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
New Jersey District 8 2 Increase 2 0 Steady 6 Decrease 2 0 Steady
New York District 34 18 Increase 12 0 Steady 16 Decrease 12 0 Steady
North Carolina District 9 5 Increase 4 1[e] Decrease 4 3 Steady 1 0 Steady
North Dakota At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Ohio District 21 6 Steady 0 Steady 15 Steady 0 Steady
Oregon District 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Pennsylvania District
+2 at-large
30 10 Increase 7 0 Steady 20 Decrease 7 0 Steady
Rhode Island District 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
South Carolina District 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
South Dakota At-large 2 0 Steady 0 Decrease 2 2 Increase 2 0 Steady
Tennessee District 10 8 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Texas District 13 12 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Utah At-large 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Vermont District 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Virginia District 10 10 Increase 4 0 Steady 0 Decrease 4 0 Steady
Washington At-large 2 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady 2 Increase 2 0 Decrease 1
West Virginia District 4 1 Increase 1 0 Steady 3 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Wisconsin District 10 0 Steady 0 Steady 10 Steady 0 Steady
Wyoming At-large 1 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
Total 357 161
45.1%
Increase 37 6[e]
1.7%
Decrease 16 187
52.4%
Decrease 20 3[f]
0.8%
Decrease 1
Popular vote
Democratic
44.18%
Independent
0.86%
Populist
4.24%
Republican
48.55%
Silver Republican
0.56%
Silver
0.05%
Others
1.56%
House seats
Democratic
45.10%
Independent
0.28%
Populist
1.40%
Republican
52.38%
Silver Republican
0.56%
Silver
0.28%

The previous elections of 1896 saw the election of 24 Populists, 2 Silver Republicans, and a Silver Party member.

House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
 
  80+% Republican
  60 to 80% Democratic
 
  60 to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Populist
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
 
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
 
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Populist gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Special elections

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates}
Mississippi 2 William V. Sullivan Democratic 1896 Incumbent resigned when appointed U.S. Senator.
New member elected July 5, 1898.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickY Thomas Spight (Democratic) 46.64%
  • Z. M. Stephens (Democratic) 42.17%
  • Leland L. Pearsons (Democratic) 11.19%
Ohio 19
Pennsylvania 23
Virginia 2
Virginia 4
Mississippi 6 William F. Love Democratic 1896 Incumbent died October 16, 1898.
New member elected November 29, 1898.
Democratic hold.
Massachusetts 15 John Simpkins Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Election dates

All the states held their elections November 8, 1898, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:

Alabama

Arkansas

California

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates}
California 1 John All Barham Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
California 2 Marion De Vries Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
California 3 Samuel G. Hilborn Republican 1894 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 57.3%
  • John Aubrey Jones (Democratic) 39.1%
  • Thomas F. Burns (Socialist Labor) 3.6%
California 4 James G. Maguire Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired to run for California Governor.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickY Julius Kahn (Republican) 50%
  • James H. Barry (Democratic) 44.1%
  • W. J. Martin (Socialist Labor) 3.7%
  • Joseph P. Kelly (Ind. Democratic) 2.2%
California 5 Eugene F. Loud Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 51.8%
  • William Craig (Democratic) 44.3%
  • E. T. Kingsley (Socialist Labor) 3.9%
California 6 Charles A. Barlow Populist 1900 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickY Russell J. Waters (Republican) 52.6%
  • Charles A. Barlow (Populist) 44.9%
  • James T. Van Ransselear (Socialist Labor) 2.5%
California 7 Curtis H. Castle Populist 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Stephen M. Sparkman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Robert Wyche Davis Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

Idaho

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Idaho at-large James Gunn Populist 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Silver Republican gain.

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 George P. Lawrence Republican 1897 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY George P. Lawrence (Republican) 58.0%
  • Charles P. Davis (Democratic) 35.5%
  • Edward A. Buckland (Socialist Labor) 6.5%
Massachusetts 2 Frederick H. Gillett Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 60.3%
  • Robert E. Bisbee (Democratic) 36.5%
  • George H. Wrenn (Socialist Labor) 3.2%
Massachusetts 3 Joseph H. Walker Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 4 George W. Weymouth Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 5 William S. Knox Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 6 William H. Moody Republican 1895 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY William H. Moody (Republican) 64.5%
  • E. Moody Boynton (Democratic) 28.9%
  • Albert L. Gillen (Social Democratic) 6.6%
Massachusetts 7 William Emerson Barrett Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Ernest W. Roberts (Republican) 55.8%
  • Walter L. Ramsdell (Democratic) 41.6%
  • Joseph Malloney (Socialist Labor) 2.6%
Massachusetts 8 Samuel W. McCall Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Samuel W. McCall (Republican) 70.0%
  • George A. Perkins (Democratic) 27.2%
  • William E. Stacey (Socialist Labor) 2.8%
Massachusetts 9 John F. Fitzgerald Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 10 Samuel J. Barrows Republican 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 11 Charles F. Sprague Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 12 William C. Lovering Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY William C. Lovering (Republican) 65.9%
  • Philip E. Brady (Democratic) 30.0%
  • Jeremiah O'Fihelly (Socialist Labor) 4.1%
Massachusetts 13 William S. Greene Republican 1898 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY William S. Greene (Republican) 68.65%
  • Charles T. Luce (Democratic) 24.82%
  • Thomas Stevenson (Socialist Labor) 6.51%
  • Others 0.01%

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 John M. Allen Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 Thomas Spight Democratic 1898 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Thomas Spight (Democratic) 92.91%
  • C. M. Haynie (Populist) 5.26%
  • S. M. Howry (Republican) 1.83%[6]
Mississippi 3 Thomas C. Catchings Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4 Andrew F. Fox Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 5 John S. Williams Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John S. Williams (Democratic) 97.02%
  • S. R. Pitts (Republican) 2.79%
  • J. E. Everett (Independent) 0.20%[9]
Mississippi 6 Vacant (incumbent died October 16, 1898) New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickY Frank A. McLain (Democratic) 53.78%
  • M. M. Evans (Ind. Democratic) 22.82%
  • A. C. Hathorn (Populist) 16.39%
  • H. C. Turley (Republican) 7.01%[10]
Mississippi 7 Patrick Henry Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Patrick Henry (Democratic) 90.95%
  • T. B. Yellowley (Republican) 4.75%
  • E. F. Brennan (Republican) 4.30%[11]

Missouri

Montana

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Montana at-large Charles S. Hartman Silver Republican 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Nebraska

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska 1 Jesse B. Strode Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Nebraska 2 David H. Mercer Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 3 Samuel Maxwell Populist 1896 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Nebraska 4 William L. Stark Populist 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 5 Roderick Dhu Sutherland Populist 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 6 William L. Greene Populist 1896 Incumbent re-elected.

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Dakota at-large Martin N. Johnson Republican 1890 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Ohio

Oregon

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Oregon 1 Thomas H. Tongue Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Thomas H. Tongue (Republican) 48.96%
  • R. M. Veatch (Fusion) 44.28%
  • J. L. Hill (Populist) 4.21%
  • L. H. Pederson (Prohibition) 2.56%[20]
Oregon 2 William R. Ellis Republican 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Malcolm A. Moody (Republican) 54.15%
  • C. M. Donaldson (Fusion) 37.22%
  • H. E. Courtney (Populist) 5.78%
  • G. W. Ingalls (Prohibition) 2.85%[21]

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 William Elliott Democratic 1886
1896
Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2 W. Jasper Talbert Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 Asbury Latimer Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Asbury Latimer (Democratic) 96.6%
  • John R. Tolbert (Republican) 3.3%
  • Others 0.1%
South Carolina 4 Stanyarne Wilson Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 Thomas J. Strait Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 6 James Norton Democratic 1897 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY James Norton (Democratic) 96.9%
  • J. H. Evans (Republican) 3.1%
South Carolina 7 J. William Stokes Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.

South Dakota

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Dakota at-large
(2 seats)
John Edward Kelley Populist 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Elected on a general ticket:
Freeman Knowles Populist 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Tennessee

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Walter P. Brownlow Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2 Henry R. Gibson Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Henry R. Gibson (Republican) 66.34%
  • John M. Davis (Democratic) 33.07%
  • [FNU] Jones (Unknown) 0.59%[24]
Tennessee 3 John A. Moon Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John A. Moon (Democratic) 58.87%
  • Gus Cate (Republican) 40.62%
  • W. A. Wetmore (Populist) 0.51%[25]
Tennessee 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1878 Incumbent retired to run for Governor.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 5 James D. Richardson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 6 John W. Gaines Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John W. Gaines (Democratic) 78.78%
  • J. C. Napier (Republican) 14.26%
  • N. P. Gill (Prohibition) 6.97%[28]
Tennessee 7 Nicholas N. Cox Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 8 Thetus W. Sims Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Thetus W. Sims (Democratic) 60.21%
  • W. F. Hinkle (Republican) 36.86%
  • T. J. Brooks (Populist) 2.94%[30]
Tennessee 9 Rice A. Pierce Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Rice A. Pierce (Democratic) 76.89%
  • Isaac Revelle (Republican) 21.27%
  • E. F. Falley (Prohibition) 1.84%[31]
Tennessee 10 Edward W. Carmack Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 Blackburn B. Dovener Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Blackburn B. Dovener (Republican) 51.91%
  • J. V. Blair (Democratic) 47.29%
  • W. A. Williams (Independent) 0.63%
  • J. B. Arnold (Independent) 0.17%[33]
West Virginia 2 Alston G. Dayton Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Alston G. Dayton (Republican) 50.33%
  • John T. McGraw (Democratic) 48.98%
  • George Morrow (Populist) 0.69%[34]
West Virginia 3 Charles Dorr Republican 1896 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
West Virginia 4 Warren Miller Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Romeo H. Freer (Republican) 50.84%
  • George I. Neal (Democratic) 48.79%
  • Oliver Gorrell (Populist) 0.37%[36]

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected ten members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1898.[37][38]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 Henry Allen Cooper Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 2 Edward Sauerhering Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Herman B. Dahle (Republican) 50.4%
  • James E. Jones (Democratic) 47.0%
  • Jabez B. Smith (Prohibition) 2.6%
Wisconsin 3 Joseph W. Babcock Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Joseph W. Babcock (Republican) 59.5%
  • Thomas L. Cleary (Democratic) 37.3%
  • Richard B. Griggs (Prohibition) 3.2%
Wisconsin 4 Theobald Otjen Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Theobald Otjen (Republican) 47.3%
  • Joseph G. Donnelly (Democratic) 41.7%
  • Robert C. Schilling (Populist) 6.6%
  • Louis A. Arnold (Social Democratic) 3.0%
  • John Moser (Socialist Labor) 1.5%
Wisconsin 5 Samuel S. Barney Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Samuel S. Barney (Republican) 51.8%
  • Charles E. Armin (Democratic) 40.2%
  • George Eckelman (Social Democratic) 3.3%
  • William P. Rubin (Populist) 3.0%
  • Albert F. Hintz (Socialist Labor) 1.0%
  • William R. Nethercut (Prohibition) 0.7%
Wisconsin 6 James H. Davidson Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY James H. Davidson (Republican) 53.6%
  • Frank C. Stewart (Democratic) 44.4%
  • William H. Clark (Prohibition) 2.0%
Wisconsin 7 Michael Griffin Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY John J. Esch (Republican) 64.7%
  • John F. Doherty (Democratic) 32.6%
  • Luther W. Wood (Prohibition) 2.8%
Wisconsin 8 Edward S. Minor Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 9 Alexander Stewart Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Alexander Stewart (Republican) 58.1%
  • Wells M. Ruggles (Democratic) 40.1%
  • Edwin Kerswill (Prohibition) 1.8%
Wisconsin 10 John J. Jenkins Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John J. Jenkins (Republican) 63.1%
  • John R. Mathews (Democratic) 30.3%
  • William B. Hopkins (Prohibition) 3.5%
  • Carl Pieper (Populist) 3.1%

Wyoming

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wyoming at-large John E. Osborne Democratic 1896 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickY Frank W. Mondell (Republican) 54.71%
  • Constantine P. Arnold (Democratic) 43.04%
  • William Brown (Populist) 2.25%[39]

Non-voting delegates

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large
New Mexico Territory at-large
Oklahoma Territory at-large James Y. Callahan Free Silver 1896 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Republican gain.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Regulars only, not including specials
  2. ^ 1 Independent Populist
  3. ^ There were 6 Populists, 1 Silver, and 2 Silver Republicans
  4. ^ a b Member of the Silver Republican Party faction elected.
  5. ^ a b Includes 1 Independent Populist
  6. ^ Includes 2 members of the Silver Republican faction.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Martis, p. 152–153.
  2. ^ "MS - District 06 Special Election". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  3. ^ "MA District 13 - Special Election". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  4. ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  5. ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  6. ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  7. ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  8. ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  9. ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  10. ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  11. ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  12. ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  13. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  14. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  15. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  16. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  17. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  18. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  19. ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  20. ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Jun 06, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  21. ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 02 Race - Jun 06, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  22. ^ "Elections in States". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1900. New York: The Tribune Association. 1900. p. 338 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
  23. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  24. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  25. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  26. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  27. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  28. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  29. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  30. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  31. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  32. ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  33. ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  34. ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  35. ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  36. ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  37. ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
  38. ^ Froehlich, William H., ed. (1899). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1899 (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  39. ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  40. ^ "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 08, 1898".

Bibliography

External links

This page was last edited on 10 September 2023, at 21:34
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