The following is a timeline of the history of the German city of Leipzig.
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Transcription
Prior to 18th century
| History of Germany |
|---|
 |
- Leipzig granted market and city privileges.
- St. Nicholas Church built (approximate date).
- City besieged by John Frederick I of Saxony.[1]
- Pleissenburg re-built, replaced in 1905 by the New Town Hall.[1]
18th century
- 1701 - Oil-fuelled street lighting introduced.
- 1702 - Collegium Musicum founded.
- 1704 - Romanus house built.
- 1706 - Polish Preaching Society established.[9]
- 1710 - King Augustus II the Strong first presented Meissen porcelain at the local fair.[10]
- 1716 - Sorbian Lusatian Preaching Society established.[9]
- 1717 - What became Schillerhaus first built.
- 1723
- Breitkopf publishing established.
- Johann Sebastian Bach begins as Kapellmeister (music director) at St. Thomas Church
- 1724 - Premiere performance of Bach's St John Passion.[11]
- 1729 - Premiere of Bach's St Matthew Passion.[11]
- 1731 - Zedler's Universal-Lexicon encyclopedia published.[6]
- 1745 - City "taken by the Prussians."[2]
- 1750 - Death of Johann Sebastian Bach Kapellmeister of St. Thomas Church
- 1755 - Stadtbibliothek Leipzig (municipal library) opens.[12]
- 1756 - City occupied by Prussian forces during the Seven Years' War.[2]
- 1759
- 1760 - October: "Prussians withdraw from Leipzig."[13]
- 1764 - Academy of Visual Arts and Leipzig Economic Society[14] founded.
- 1766 - Theater auf der Rannischen Bastei opens.[15]
- 1768 - Societas Jablonoviana founded by Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski.
- 1777 - April: Premiere of Klinger's play Sturm und Drang.
- 1781
- Gewandhaus built.[11][1]
- Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra formed.
- 1784
- 1785 - Augustusplatz laid out.[5]
- 1789 - Linnean Society founded.[14]
- 1790 - Observatory set up in Pleissenburg.
- 1797 - Population: 31,847.[8]
- 1798
- Tauchnitz publishers established.
- Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (music magazine) begins publication.
19th century
- 1800 - Edition Peters and Leipzig Singakademie (chorus)[16] established.
- 1801 - Population: 31,887.[1]
- 1807
- Friedrich Hofmeister Musikverlag (publisher) founded.
- Leipziger Tageblatt (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1810 - Westermann Verlag founded.
- 1813
- 22 May: Richard Wagner born.
- October: Battle of Leipzig.[1]
- 1825 - Börsenverein der Deutschen Buchhändler formed.
- 1826
- Consulate of the United States established.[17]
- Wool market active.[2]
- 1828
- Reclam Verlag established.
- Hôtel de Pologne founded.[18]
- 1829 - Medical Society founded.[14]
- 1830 - "Political disturbance."[2]
- 1831
- November: Establishment of a committee to help Polish insurgents fleeing the Russian Partition of Poland after the unsuccessful Polish November Uprising. Collection of funds to help Poles, mainly among guilds and city guards.[19]
- Flight of Polish insurgents from the Russian Partition of Poland to the Great Emigration through the city begins.[20]
- 1832
- January: Mass escape of Polish insurgents from the Russian Partition of Poland through the city.[20]
- January: Polish national hero Józef Bem expelled from the city by authorities fearful of stirring up a revolution.[21]
- July: The committee to help Poles officially closed, although its members continued their activities in the following years.[22]
- 1833 - Accession to the Zollverein.[1]
- 1835 - Felix Mendelssohn becomes music director of Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra.[1]
- 1836 - Augusteum built.[1]
- 1837 - Leipziger Kunstverein (art association) established.
- 1839 - Leipzig–Dresden railway opened.[5]
- 1842 - Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof built.
- 1843
- Illustrirte Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
- Conservatory of Music founded.[1]
- Bach monument, Leipzig erected.
- 1844 - Museum of Antiquities of Leipzig University on display.
- 1846
- 1 July: Saxonian Academy of Sciences and Humanities founded.[14]
- 29 August: Hôtel de Pologne fire.[18]
- 1848
- "Museum of Fine Arts" founded.
- Hôtel de Pologne rebuilt as the city's largest hotel.[18]
- "Political disturbance."[2]
- 1850 - Bach Gesellschaft organized.[11]
- 1853 - Blüthner piano manufacturer in business.[11]
- 1855 - Leipzig synagogue built on Gottschedstrasse.
- 1856 - Händel-Gesellschaft organized.[11]
- 1858 - Municipal museum inaugurated.
- 1861 - Population: 78,495.[23]
- 1863 - General German Workers' Association founded in Leipzig.
- 1864 - Schrebergärten (community garden) association formed.[24]
- 1866 - Austro-Prussian War leads to Prussian occupation in 1866–67.[1]
- 1868 - Opera house built.
- 1869
- Leipzig Museum of Ethnography founded.[1]
- Leipzig Alpine Club founded.[25]
- 1872
- Harrassowitz publishing firm established.
- Verlag Karl Baedeker relocates to Leipzig.
- Trams in Leipzig start.[5]
- 1874
- Museum of Arts and Crafts founded.[1]
- Ernst Eulenburg (musical editions)[26] established.
- Bibliographisches Institut relocates to Leipzig.
- 1878
- Leipzig Zoo opens.[27]
- "Leipzig is growing into an industrial town of the first rank."[5]
- 1879
- Reichsgericht headquartered in Leipzig.[5]
- Südfriedhof established.
- 1880 - Population: 149,081.[8]
- 1884 - Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei founded.
- 1886
- Georg Thieme Verlag established.
- Lutherkirche (Leipzig)[5] and Neue Börse (Leipzig) (stock exchange) built.
- 1889 - Anger-Crottendorf and Reudnitz (Leipzig) become part of city.[28]
- 1890
- 1891
- Leipzig University Library opens in relocation.[5]
- Connewitz, Kleinzschocher, Lindenau, Lössnig, Plagwitz, and Schleussig become part of city.[28]
- 1892
- Neusellerhausen becomes part of city.[28]
- SSV Stötteritz football club founded.
- Mendelssohn monument erected.[5]
- 1894 - Leipziger Volkszeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1895
- Reichsgericht (supreme court) established. [5]
- Altes Grassimuseum built.
- Muster-Messe fair begins.
- Population: 399,995.[8]
- 1898 - Handelshochschule Leipzig founded.
- 1900 - Population: 456,156.[8]
20th century
- 1901
- Städtisches Kaufhaus built.
- Insel Verlag (publisher) in business.
- 1904 - Bachfest begins.
- 1905
- Reudnitz, Volkmarsdorf, Gohlis, Eutritzsch, Plagwitz and Lindenau were incorporated with the city.[5]
- New Town Hall opens. The Old Town Hall is going to house the Museum of the History of the City of Leipzig.
- Population: 503,672.[8]
- 1906
- Naturkundemuseum Leipzig established.[29]
- Leipzig Prison built.
- 1907 - Edeka founded at Hôtel de Pologne.[18]
- 1908 - Rowohlt Verlag founded.
- 1912 - German National Library established.
- 1913
- Kurt Wolff Verlag (publisher) in business.
- Monument to the Battle of the Nations erected.
- 1915
- Leipzig Hauptbahnhof and Alfred-Kunze-Sportpark open.
- Mockau and Schönefeld become part of city.[28]
- 1916
- German National Library building opened.
- Institute for Newspaper Research (Institut für Zeitungskunde) was founded at the University of Leipzig[30]
- 1917
- 1918 - Karl Rothe becomes mayor.
- 1919
- 1921
- Leipzig War Crimes Trials held.
- December: American Consulate reopened.[17]
- 1922
- Grosszschocher, Leutzsch, Paunsdorf, and Wahren become part of city.[28]
- Bruno-Plache-Stadion opens.
- Goldmann (publisher) founded.
- 1923
- 1 January: Consulate of Poland opened.[32]
- MDR Symphony Orchestra founded.
- 1927 - Leipzig/Halle Airport opened.
- 1929 - Museum of Musical Instruments of the University of Leipzig opens.
- 1930 - Abtnaundorf, Knautkleeberg, Schönau, and Thekla become part of city.[28]
- 1933 - Population: 713,470.[8]
- 1935 - Portitz becomes part of city.[28]
- 1936 - Knauthain and Lauer become part of city.[28]
- 1938 - Expulsion of Polish Jews by Nazi Germany. 1,300 Polish Jews sheltered in the Polish Consulate and saved from deportation.[33]
- 1939
- September: Mass arrests of local Polish activists (see also Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).[34]
- September: Polish Consulate seized by Germany during the invasion of Poland at the start of World War II. Confiscation of the Polish Consulate's library.[33]
- 1941 - German-ordered closure of the American Consulate.[17]
- 1943
- 6 March: Leipzig-Thekla subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Over 1,800 men, mostly Soviet, Polish, French, Belgian and Czechoslovak, were held there as slave labour.[35]
- December: Bombing of city by British.
- 1944
- Bombing.
- 11 May: Leipzig-Engelsdorf subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Over 250 men, mostly Polish, Russian, Czech and Ukrainian, were held there.[36]
- 9 June: HASAG Leipzig subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Over 5,000 women and children, mostly Polish, Soviet, French and Jewish, were held there.[37]
- 22 August: Leipzig-Schönau subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Over 500 Jewish women were held there.[38]
- 15 November: Subcamp of Buchenwald for men established at the HASAG factory. Around 700 men, mostly Jewish, French and Italian, were held there.[39]
- 24 November: Leipzig-Engelsdorf subcamp dissolved. Prisoners deported to Wansleben am See and Rothenburg.[36]
- 1945
- 17 February: 600 prisoners brought to the Leipzig-Thekla subcamp from a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in Jasień.[35]
- 13 April: Leipzig-Thekla, Leipzig-Schönau and both HASAG subcamps dissolved. Most prisoners sent on death marches.[37][39][35][38]
- 18 April: Abtnaundorf massacre. Prisoners of the Leipzig-Thekla subcamp who were ill or unable to march, mostly Poles and Soviets, were massacred by the Gestapo, SS, Volkssturm and German civilians. Some prisoners were saved by Polish prisoners of another camp.[35][40]
- 19 April: City captured by American troops.
- July: City under Soviet control.
- Population: 584,593.[8]
- 1950
- International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition begins.
- Bach-Archiv founded.
- Population: 617,574.[8]
- 1951 - Erich Uhlich becomes mayor.
- 1953 - Theaterhochschule Leipzig established, later named after Hans Otto
- 1954
- Staatsarchiv Leipzig (archives) founded.
- Zentralstadion built.
- 1955 - Festival of Cultural and Documentary Films begins.
- 1956 - Zentralstadion opens.
- 1959 - Walter Kresse becomes mayor.
- 1960
- Opera house built.
- Chess Olympiad held.
- Population: 589,632.[8]
- 1969
- 6 February: Polish Institute founded.[41]
- Leipzig-Halle S-Bahn established.
- 1970 - Karl-Heinz Müller (politician) becomes mayor.
- 1972
- Polish Consulate reopened.
- City-Hochhaus Leipzig built.
- 1974 - Moritzbastei rebuilt.
- 1977 - Sportmuseum founded.[42]
- 1983 - Wagner monument, Leipzig erected.
- 1989 - Monday demonstrations.[43][44]
- 1990
- Neuer Leipziger Kunstverein (art association) founded.
- Hinrich Lehmann-Grube becomes mayor.[45]
- 1991
- Euro-scene Leipzig theatre festival begins.
- Mendelssohn House, Leipzig opens.
- 1992
- Technischen Hochschule founded.
- Wave-Gotik-Treffen begins.
- Leipzig-Altenburg Airport opens.
- American Consulate reopened.[17]
- 1993 - Hartmannsdorf becomes part of city.[28]
- 1994 - Museum of Antiquities of the University of Leipzig opens.
- 1995
- 1996
- Leipzig Trade Fair building opens.
- Saxonia International Balloon Fiesta begins.
- 1997
- Gottscheina, Hohenheida, and Seehausen become part of city.[28]
- Leipziger Versorgungs- und Verkehrsgesellschaft (city utility company) established.
- Federal Administrative Court of Germany headquartered in Leipzig.[citation needed]
- 1998
- Podelwitz-Süd becomes part of city.[28]
- Wolfgang Tiefensee becomes mayor.
- 1999 - Böhlitz-Ehrenberg, Engelsdorf, Holzhausen, Liebertwolkwitz, Lindenthal, Miltitz and Mölkau become part of city.[28]
21st century
- 2000 - Burghausen und Rückmarsdorf become part of city.[28]
- 2002
- Arena Leipzig built.
- Games Convention begins.
- 2004
- Leipziger Internet Zeitung begins publication.
- Museum der bildenden Künste opens.
- Leipzig Botanical Garden renovated.
- Leipzig is the German candidate city for the 2012 Summer Olympics
- 2005
- Art galleries open in Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei.[46]
- BMW Central Building constructed.
- City hosts the 2005 World Fencing Championships.
- Population: 502,651.[8]
- 2006
- Amazon.com distribution centre begins operating.[47]
- Burkhard Jung becomes mayor.
- 2007
- Paulinum reconstruction begins.
- July: City hosts the 2007 World Archery Championships.
- 2010
- Haus der Computerspiele (museum) active.
- German Music Archive relocates to Leipzig.
- 2012
- German organ donor scandal reported.[48]
- Paulinum reconstruction finished.
- 2013
- New Propsteikirche begins construction.
- Leipzig City Tunnel opened.
- Leipzig is the most livable German city.[49]
- 2014 - Population: 551,871.[50]
- 2015
- January: Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the Occident demonstration.[51]
- Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway opened.
- 2017
- July: City hosts the 2017 World Fencing Championships.
- December: City co-hosts the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship.
- 2018 - Leipzig wins the European Cities of Future prize in the category of "Best Large City for Human Capital & Lifestyle"[52]
- 2019 - Leipzig is European City of the Year[53]
See also
- Leipzig history
- History of Leipzig
- List of mayors of Leipzig
- List of heritage sites in Leipzig
Other cities in the state of Saxony:
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Britannica 1882.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Haydn 1910.
- ^ Richter 1863.
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- ^ Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bevolkerungsbestand 2015.
- ^ a b Matyniak, Alojzy S. (1968). "Kontakty kulturalne polsko-serbołużyckie w XVIII w.". Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka (in Polish). XXIII (2). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich: 241.
- ^ "Von Leipzig in die Welt. Europas erstes Porzellan". stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig (in German). Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Claude Egerton Lowe (1896). "Chronological Summary of the Chief Events in the History of Music". Chronological Cyclopædia of Musicians and Musical Events. London: Weekes & Co.
- ^ "Chronik der Leipziger Städtischen Bibliotheken" (in German). Stadt Leipzig. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ a b c Franz A.J. Szabo (2013). "Chronology of Major Events". The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756-1763. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88697-6.
- ^ a b c d e Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ William Grange (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of German Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6489-4.
- ^ Donna M. Di Grazia, ed. (2013). Nineteenth-Century Choral Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-98852-0.
- ^ a b c d e "Brief history". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Germany. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "Hôtel de Pologne". Leipzig-Lexikon (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ Willaume, Juliusz (1957). "Lipski komitet pomocy wychodźcom polskim (1831/32)". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska (in Polish). XII, 7: 184–185.
- ^ a b Willaume, p. 186
- ^ Willaume, pp. 187–188
- ^ Willaume, p. 191
- ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Deutschland: Sachsen". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
- ^ Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
- ^ A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal (177). UK. hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
- ^ Chester L. Alwes (2012). "Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century". In André de Quadros (ed.). Cambridge Companion to Choral Music. Cambridge Companions to Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11173-7.
Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list)
- ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. US: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Stadtgebiet 2015.
- ^ Naturkundemuseums Leipzig. "Geschichte des Hauses" (in German). Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ Tillack-Graf, Anne-Kathleen (2019), "Institute of Communication and Media Studies (University of Leipzig)". The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society. SAGE Publications.
- ^ "Germany: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 21.
- ^ a b "70 lat temu polski konsul pokrzyżował plany nazistów". dw.com (in Polish). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ Cygański, Mirosław (1984). "Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939–1945". Przegląd Zachodni (in Polish) (4): 54.
- ^ a b c d "Leipzig-Thekla". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Leipzig-Engelsdorf". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b ""HASAG Leipzig" Concentration Camp Subcamp". Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Leipzig-Schönau". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Leipzig-Schönefeld (Männer)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ "The Abtnaundorf Massacre". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "50 Jahre Polnisches Institut in Leipzig". Instytut Polski w Lipsku (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ Sportmuseum Leipzig. "Chronik des Sportmuseum" (in German). Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ "100,000 Protest in Leipzig In Largest Rally in Decades", New York Times, 17 October 1989
- ^ "Leipzig Journal; A City of Two Tales: The Robust and the Bleak", New York Times, 6 April 1993
- ^ "Leipzig, the City of Bach, Falls on Hard Times", New York Times, 28 February 1991
- ^ Spinnerei. "History: From Cotton to Culture". Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ "The big grey box in Leipzig where Amazon staff have found their voice", The Guardian, 19 October 1993
- ^ "German medicine rocked by Leipzig organ donor scandal", BBC News, 3 January 2013
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- ^ Leipzig in Figures, City of Leipzig, retrieved 30 September 2015
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This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- Richard Brookes (1786), "Leipsick", The General Gazetteer (6th ed.), London: J.F.C. Rivington
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Leipsick", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068382327
- Muirhead, James Fullarton (1882). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (9th ed.). pp. 429–431.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - "Leipzig". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1886. hdl:2027/hvd.hn1imr.
- George Bradshaw (1898), "Leipsic", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany, London: Adams & Sons
- "Leipzig". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London: W. & R. Chambers, Limited; J.B. Lippincott Company. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7zk5ms79.
- "Leipzig", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379 + 1873 ed.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 399–402.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Leipsic", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
in German
- "Leipzig". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
- F. Th. Richter, ed. (1863). Jahrbüchlein zur Geschichte Leipzigs (in German). Verlag Julius Klinkhardt. (includes city timeline)
- "Leipzig". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064551.
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Leipzig". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- "Stadtgebiet und Witterung", Statistisches Jahrbuch 2015 (in German), Stadt Leipzig,
Chronologie der Eingemeindungen
- "Bevölkerungsbestand", Statistisches Jahrbuch 2015 (in German), Stadt Leipzig,
Amtliche Bevölkerung, Fläche und Bevölkerungsdichte seit 1699
- Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Leipzig". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1253–1298. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leipzig by year.
- "Stadt Geschichte" [Leipzig City History]. Stadt Leipzig.
- André Loh-Kliesch. "Gesamtchronik". Leipzig-Lexikon.
- Links to fulltext city directories for Leipzig via Wikisource
- Europeana. Items related to Leipzig, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Leipzig, various dates
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 Urban and rural districts in Saxony, Germany | |
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This page was last edited on 12 April 2024, at 19:58