The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cologne, Germany.
Prior to the 14th century
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- 13 CE - Germanicus headquartered in Cologne.
- 15 CE - Town becomes administrative capital of Germania Inferior (approximate date).
- 50 CE - Romans establish Colonia.[1]
- 80 CE - Eifel Aqueduct built.
- 90 CE - Population: 45,000.
- 260 - Cologne becomes capital of Gallic Empire.
- 310 - Bridge built over Rhine.
- 313 - Catholic diocese of Cologne established (approximate date).[2]
- 451 - The Huns under Attila sack Cologne.
- 459 - Ripuarian Franks take power.
- 475 - Becomes the residence of the Frankish king Childeric I.[1]
- 716 - Battle of Cologne.
- 795 - City becomes Archbishop's see.
- 960 - Great St. Martin Church founded.[1]
- 974 - St. Andreas Church consecrated.
- 980 - Church of St. Pantaleon consecrated.
- 1003 - Deutz Abbey founded.
- 1065 - St. Maria im Kapitol built.
- 1106 - Church of the Holy Virgins built (approximate date).[3]
- 1114 - Coat of arms of Cologne in use.
- 1160 - St. Cäcilien church built (approximate date).
- 1182 - City expands with suburbs and ramparts.[1]
- 1184 - Richerzeche formed (approximate date).
- 1201 - The city joined the Hanseatic League.[1]
- 1227 - St. Gereon's Basilica built.
- 1247 - St. Kunibert church consecrated.
- 1248 - Cologne Cathedral construction begins.[1]
- 1250 - Great St. Martin Church built.
- 1259 - Konrad von Hochstaden (Archbishop of Cologne) expels the Richerzeche.[1]
- 1260 - Church of the Minorites built (approximate date).[4]
- 1288 - Battle of Worringen.
14th-18th centuries
- 1322
- Cologne Cathedral choir consecrated.
- Municipal archive in operation (approximate date).
- 1334 - Cologne Charterhouse founded.
- 1388 - University of Cologne established.[1]
- 1396 - Constitution of Cologne in effect.[citation needed]
- 1400 - Gothic artist known as "Master of Saint Veronica" active (approximate date).[5]
- 1414 - Jews expelled.[1]
- 1447 - Gürzenich built.[1]
- 1450 - Dreikönigsgymnasium founded.
- 1466 - Ulrich Zell sets up printing press.[6]
- 1473 - Work on Cologne Cathedral west front and towers suspended until 19th century
- 1475 - City becomes free imperial city.
- 1569 - Cologne City Hall building expanded.[7]
- 1583/88 - Cologne War a religious conflict.
- 1584 - Apostolic Nuncio established.
- 1586 - Battle of Werl.
- 1608 - Protestants banished.[4]
- 1626
- Bertram Hilden sets up printing business.
- Witch trials begin (approximate date).[8]
- 1709 - Eau de Cologne launched by Giovanni Maria Farina.
- 1734 - Gazette de Cologne begins publication.
- 1783 - Theater an der Schmierstraße built.
- 1794 - Population: 40,000.[1]
- 1795 - City directory published.[9]
- 1796 - City annexed by French First Republic.
- 1798
- University of Cologne closes.[1]
- Kölnische Zeitung newspaper begins publication.
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19th century
- 1801 - Treaty of Lunéville incorporates the city into France.[1]
- 1802 - Hänneschen puppet theatre founded.[10]
- 1815 - Prussians take power, viz Congress of Vienna.[4][1]
- 1823 - Rosenmontag (carnival) begins.[11]
- 1827 - Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne formed.
- 1839 - Stollwerck confectionery established.[11]
- 1840 - Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne active.[12]
- 1842
- Rheinische Zeitung begins publication.
- Central-Dombauverein zu Köln (Central Cathedral Building Society) recommences construction work on Cologne Cathedral after 400 years.
- 1848 - Neue Rheinische Zeitung begins publication.
- 1849 - Population: 94,789 in city; 497,330 in region.[13]
- 1850 - Conservatorium der Musik founded.
- 1853 - Diözesanmuseum founded.
- 1857 - Hotel du Dome opens.
- 1859
- Cathedral Bridge built.[14]
- Köln Hauptbahnhof opens.
- 1860 - Zoo founded.
- 1861
- Wallraf-Richartz Museum[14] and Glockengasse Synagogue built.
- Population: 120,568 in city; 567,435 in region.[15]
- 1863 - Hotel Ernst opens.
- 1864 - Flora park laid out.
- 1872
- Theater in der Glockengasse built.
- Zimmermann bakery in business.[16]
- 1874 - Wolkenburg (Köln) restored.[1]
- 1876 - Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger begins publication.
- 1877 - Cologne Stadtbahn opens.
- 1880 - Cologne Cathedral completed.
- 1885
- 1888 - Bayenthal, Ehrenfeld, Lindenthal and Nippes incorporated into city.[4]
- 1890 - Public Library established.
- 1894 - Main station rebuilt.
- 1900 - Population: 370,685.[1]
20th century
1900-1945
- 1902 - Theater am Habsburger Ring built.
- 1904 - Oper der Stadt Köln formed.
- 1905 - Population: 428,503.[1]
- 1906 - Schnütgen Museum founded.
- 1908 - 21 September: Mathematician Minkowski delivers "Raum und Zeit" lecture on spacetime.
- 1910
- 1911 - Hohenzollern Bridge built.
- 1913 - Rheinpark and Köln Messe/Deutz station open.
- 1914 - Werkbund Exhibition held.[17]
- 1917 - Konrad Adenauer becomes mayor.
- 1919
- 1921 - Jawne school built.
- 1925 - Population: 705,477.
- 1926
- Airport opens.
- Kölner Werkschulen established.
- 1928
- Messeturm Köln built.
- Polish Consulate relocated to Frankfurt, and replaced by a Polish Consular Agency in Cologne.[18]
- 1930
- Polish Consular Agency closed.[18]
- November: Flood.
- 1934 - University of Cologne reopens.
- 1938 - Kristallnacht.
- 1939 - Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos).[20]
- 1940 - Bombing begins.
- 1942 - III SS construction brigade (forced labour camp) established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Poles and Soviets.[21]
- 1944
- May: III SS construction brigade camp relocated to Wieda.[21]
- 12 August: Ford-Werke subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Soviets.[22]
- 15 August: Köln Stadt subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Eastern Europeans.[23]
- 27 September: Westwaggon subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Soviets.[24]
- 25 October: Köln Stadt subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[23]
- November: Ehrenfeld Group executed.
- November: 1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade subcamp of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp based in Cologne.[25]
- 1945
- February: Ford-Werke subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[22]
- February: 1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade subcamp relocated from Cologne.[25]
- March: Westwaggon subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Many prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp, dozens managed to escape.[24]
- American troops capture city.
1946-1990s
- 1946 - Kölnische Rundschau begins publication.
- 1947
- 27 March: Food protest.[26]
- Sport University founded.
- Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunk orchestra formed.
- 1949
- Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger resumes publication.
- Cologne Furniture Fair begins.
- 1950 - Photokina trade fair begins.
- 1951 - Cologne Bonn Airport opens.
- 1954
- Italian Cultural Institute in Cologne founded.[27]
- Cappella Coloniensis formed.
- 1955
- February–March: City co-hosts the 1955 Ice Hockey World Championships.
- Gaffel Haus rebuilt.
- 1957
- Central Station rebuilt.
- Opera house built.
- Cable Car begins operating.
- City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).[28]
- 1960
- Stadtwerke Köln established.
- Population: 803,616.
- 1964
- Express (German newspaper) newspaper begins publication.
- School massacre.
- Forstbotanischer Garten created.
- 1967 - Kölner Kunstmarkt begins.
- 1971 - Cologne University of Applied Sciences formed.
- 1973 - Association of Islamic Cultural Centres headquartered in city.[29]
- 1976 - Gebühreneinzugszentrale and Museum Ludwig established.
- 1977 - Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit headquartered in city.[30]
- 1981 - Colonius tower built.
- 1983
- April: Flood.
- Akademie för uns Kölsche Sproch established.
- 1984
- Centrum Schwule Geschichte established.
- Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs headquartered in city.[29]
- Feminale film festival begins.
- 1985
- Käthe Kollwitz Museum opens.
- St. George's School founded.
- 1986 - Islamic Council for the Federal Republic of Germany headquartered in city.[29]
- 1988 - NS Documentation Center established.
- 1990 - Academy of Media Arts Cologne established.
- 1991 - Cologne Conference (television and film festival) and Cologne Comedy Festival begin.
- 1992 - Cologne Festival of Early Music begins.
- 1993
- Imhoff-Schokoladenmuseum opens.
- Cologne Business School established.
- Ringfest begins.
- 1994 - Central Council of Muslims in Germany headquartered in city.[29]
- 1996 - Summerjam reggae festival begins.
- 1998
- September: City hosts the 1998 World Rowing Championships.
- Lanxess Arena opens.
- 1999
- City website online (approximate date).[31][chronology citation needed]
- 25th G8 summit held in Cologne.
- 2000
- Internationale Filmschule Köln established.
- Population: 962,884.
21st century
- 2001
- April–May: City co-hosts the 2001 IIHF World Championship.
- KölnTurm built.
- Zentralarchiv des internationalen Kunsthandels (archives) headquartered in Cologne.
- 2002 - Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
- 2004
- 2005
- City hosts Catholic World Youth Day.
- Weltstadthaus built.
- 2006
- International Women's Film Festival Dortmund/Cologne begins.
- KölnTriangle built.
- 2009 - Jürgen Roters becomes mayor.[32]
- 2010 - Population: 1,007,119
- 2014 - Rainer Maria Cardinal Woelki succeeds Joachim Cardinal Meisner as archbishop of Cologne
- 2015 - Henriette Reker becomes first female mayor of Cologne, one day after an assassination attempt on her at a market in Braunsfeld
- 2015-2016 - 2015-16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany
- 2017
- May: City co-hosts the 2017 IIHF World Championship.
- Cologne Central Mosque is completed.
- 2018
- January: Flood.
- 13 June: Terrorist plot foiled.
- 15 October: 2018 Cologne attack
See also
- History of Cologne
- List of mayors of Cologne
- Elector of Cologne
- Timelines of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:(de) Aachen, Bonn, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Münster
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Britannica 1910.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ Albert Gereon Stein (1882), Church of Saint Ursula and Her Companions in Cologne, A. Seche, OCLC 14071164, OL 23525129M
- ^ a b c d e Baedeker 1911.
- ^ "Central Europe (including Germany), 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ Bouchot, Henri (1890). Grevel, H. (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ Rathaus (in German), Stadt Köln, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ^ Brian P. Levack, ed. (2013). Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-164884-7.
- ^ A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Hänneschen-Theater Puppenspiele der Stadt Köln. "Geschichte" (in German). Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ a b Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
- ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ^ Kolb, Georg Friedrich (1862). "Die europaischen Grossmachte: Preussen". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
- ^ a b "Cologne". The Rhine from Rotterdam to Constance. Leipsic: Karl Baedeker. 1882. OCLC 7416969.
- ^ "Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1865. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590311 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ New York Times 2012.
- ^ "Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ a b c Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
- ^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Lager für Sinti und Roma Köln-Bickendorf". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Köln (III. SS-Baubrigade)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Köln (Ford)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Köln (Stadt)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Köln (Westwaggon)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b "1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 3. 1947. JSTOR 40545021.
- ^ "Chi Siamo". Istituto Italiano di Cultura Colonia (in Italian). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d Hussein Hamdan (2011), Muslime in Deutschland: Geschichte, Gegenwart, Chancen [Muslims in Germany: Past, Present, Prospects] (PDF) (in German), Heidelberg: Zentrum für interkulturelle Kommunikation, archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2015
- ^ "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ "Stadt Koeln" (in German). Archived from the original on 27 April 1999 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ^ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Cologne", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
- Monsieur de Blainville (1757), "Cologne", Travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, but especially Italy, Translated by Turnbull, London: John Noon
- Theodore Alois Buckley (1862), "Cologne", Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 697–699.
- "Cologne", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483
- "Cologne, Key City of the Rhineland", National Geographic Magazine, Washington DC, vol. 69, 1936
- Robert E. Dickinson (1961). "Structure of the German City: Cologne". The West European City (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
- John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Cologne". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.
- Jonathan Bikker (2006). "Cologne, the 'German Rome,' in Views by Berckheyde and van der Heyden and the Journals of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Tourists". Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. 32 (4): 273–290. JSTOR 20355338.
- Jeffry M. Diefendorf (2008). "Reconciling competing pasts in postwar Cologne". In Gavriel David Rosenfeld; Paul B. Jaskot (eds.). Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past. USA: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-11611-9 – via HathiTrust. (fulltext)
- E. Rail (29 March 2012). "36 Hours: Cologne, Germany". New York Times.
in German
- "Cölln". Topographia Archiepiscopatuum Moguntinensis, Trevirensis et Coloniensis. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. 1646. p. 60+.
- Cöln. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 12–14. Leipzig: S. Hirzel Verlag. 1875–1877 – via HathiTrust.
- Karl von Hegel (1891). "Koln". Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter (in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. hdl:2027/wu.89094689700 – via HathiTrust.
- Paul Clemen, ed. (1906). Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Koln. Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz (in German). Vol. 6. Dusseldorf: Schwann.
- P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Coln". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Koln, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 2, Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, 1979, ISBN 3891150008
- Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Koln". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1093–1152. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Cologne.
- Europeana. Items related to Cologne, various dates.
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This page was last edited on 23 November 2022, at 15:26