Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae (/ˌtɪliˈeɪsii/) is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record of use.

All through its existence the family has had a very lively history, with various authors taking very different views on what should be part of this family. As a result, it is recommended when this name is encountered to check what the author means.

However, in the northern temperate regions the name is unambiguous as the only representative is Tilia, the lime or linden.

APG II system

The APG II system, does not recognise this as a family but submerges it in the Malvaceae sensu lato, which unites the four families Bombacaceae, Malvaceae sensu stricto, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. Modern botanical taxonomy, such as the relevant volume in the Kubitzki series which conforms to APG, treats most of the plants that traditionally constitute the family (see above) in the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae, and Grewioideae within this extended family Malvaceae sensu lato. Cladistically, the traditional family Tiliaceae is polyphyletic.

de Candolle system

In the de Candolle system the circumscription of the family was:

• family Tiliaceae

  genus I. Sparmannia [sic: now Sparrmannia]

  genus II. Abatia

  genus III. Heliocarpus

  genus IV. Antichorus

  genus V. Corchorus

  genus VI. Honckenya [sic, see Clappertonia]

  genus VII. Triumfetta

  genus VIII. Grewia

  genus IX. Columbia [sic, now Colona]

  genus X. Tilia

  genus XI. Diplophractum

  genus XII. Muntingia

  genus XIII. Apeiba

  genus XIV. Sloanea

  genus XV. Ablania

  genus XIV. Gyrostemon

  genus XVII. Christiana

  genus XVIII. Alegria

  genus XIX. Luhea [sic, now: Luehea]

  genus XX. Vatica

  genus XXI. Espera

  genus XXII. Wikstroemia

  genus XXIII. Berrya

According to APG II system, the current placement of these genera is mostly in the Malvaceae sensu lato, but with Gyrostemon moved to family Gyrostemonaceae, Muntingia to family Muntingiaceae, Sloanea to family Elaeocarpaceae, Vatica to family Dipterocarpaceae and Wikstroemia to family Thymelaeaceae (possibly reduced to a synonym of Daphne). The genus Abatia is assigned to the family Salicaceae sensu lato.

Bentham & Hooker system

The family reached perhaps its widest circumscription in the Bentham & Hooker system:

• family XXXIII Tiliaceae

  series A. Holopetalae

  tribus I. Brownlowieae

  genus 1. Brownlowia

  genus 2. Pentace

  genus 3. Diplodiscus

  genus 4. Pityranthe

  genus 5. Christiana

  genus 6. Berrya

  genus 7. Carpodiptera

  tribus II. Grewieae

  genus 8. Grewia

  genus 9. Columbia [sic, now Colona]

  genus 10. Diplophractum

  genus 11. Belotia

  genus 12. Erinocarpus

  genus 13. Triumfetta

  genus 14. Heliocarpus

  tribus III. Tilieae

  genus 15. Entelea

  genus 16. Sparrmannia

  genus 17. Honckenya [sic, see Clappertonia]

  genus 18. Corchorus

  genus 19. Corchoropsis

  genus 20. Luehea

  genus 21. Mollia

  genus 22. Trichospermum

  genus 23. Muntingia

  genus 24. Tilia

  genus 25. Leptonychia

  genus 26. Schoutenia

  tribus IV. Apeibeae

  genus 27. Glypilea

  genus 28. Apeiba

  series B. Heteropetalae

  tribus V. Prockieae

  genus 29. Prockia

  genus 30. Hasseltia

  genus 31. Plagiopteron

  genus 32? Ropalocarpus

  tribus VI. Sloanieae

  genus 33. Vallea

  genus 34. Sloanea

  genus 35. Echinocarpus

  genus 36. Antholoma

  tribus VII. Elaeocarpeae

  genus 37. Aristotelia

  genus 38. Elaeocarpus

  genus 39. Dubouzetia

  genus 40. Tricuspidaria

According to APG II system, the current placement of these genera is perhaps mostly in the Malvaceae sensu lato, but with Muntingia moved to family Muntingiaceae, while tribes VI and VII form the core of family Elaeocarpaceae and tribe V has been moved to the family Salicaceae sensu lato.

The Hutchinson system follows the Bentham & Hooker system rather closely.

Cronquist system

In the Cronquist system (1981) the family includes some fifty genera, totalling around seven hundred species of trees and shrubs, rarely herbs, with a subcosmopolitan distribution. It may be separated from Malvaceae sensu stricto by the smooth surface of the pollen grains, bilocular anthers, and the stamens free or in bundles (but not monadelphous)

• Ancistrocarpus Oliv.
• Apeiba Aubl.
• Asterophorum Sprague
• Berrya Roxb.
• Brownlowia Roxb.
• Burretiodendron Rehder
• Carpodiptera Griseb.
• Christiana DC.
• Clappertonia Meisn.
• Colona Cav.
• Corchoropsis Siebold & Zucc.
• Corchorus L.
• Craigia W.W.Sm. & W.E.Evans
• Desplatsia Bocq.
• Dicraspidia Standl.
• Diplodiscus Turcz.
• Duboscia Bocquet
• Eleutherostylis Burret
• Entelea R.Br.
• Erinocarpus Nimmo ex J.Graham
• Glyphaea Hook.f.
• Goethalsia Pittier
• Grewia L.
• Hainania Merr.
• Heliocarpus L.
• Hydrogaster Kuhlm.
• Jarandersonia Kosterm.
• Luehea Willd.
• Lueheopsis Burret
• Microcos L.
• Mollia Mart.
• Mortoniodendron Standl. & Steyerm.
• Neotessmannia Burret
• Pentace Hassk.
• Pentaplaris L.O.Williams & Standl.
• Petenaea Lundell
• Pityranthe Thwaites
• Pseudocorchorus Capuron
• Schoutenia Korth.
• Sicrea (Pierre) Hallier f.
• Sparrmannia L.f.
• Tetralix Griseb.
• Tilia L.
• Trichospermum Blume
• Triumfetta L.
• Vasivaea Baill.
• Westphalina A.Robyns & Bamps

External links

• Tiliaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards) The families of flowering plants: descriptions.

This page was last edited on 5 January 2024, at 00:33