Three-source hypothesis

Three-source hypothesis
Theory Information

Order	Q Marcan Priority Matt Luke
Additional Sources	Q source
Gospels' Sources
Matthew	Q, Mark
Mark	(Q)
Luke	Q, Mark, Matt, Luke
Theory History
Proponents	Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Eduard Simons, Hans Hinrich Wendt, Edward Y. Hincks, Robert Morgenthaler, Robert H. Gundry

The three-source hypothesis is a candidate solution to the synoptic problem. It combines aspects of the two-source hypothesis and the Farrer hypothesis. It states that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke used the Gospel of Mark and a sayings collection as primary sources, but that the Gospel of Luke also used the Gospel of Matthew as a subsidiary source. The hypothesis is named after the three documents it posits as sources, namely the sayings collection, the Gospel of Mark, and the Gospel of Matthew.

The sayings collection may be identified with Q, or with a subset of Q^[1] if some (typically narrative-related) material normally assigned to Q is instead attributed to Matthew's creativity in conjunction with Luke's use of Matthew.

This theory has been advocated by Heinrich Julius Holtzmann,^[2] Eduard Simons,^[3] Hans Hinrich Wendt,^[4] Edward Y. Hincks,^[5] Robert Morgenthaler^[6] and Robert H. Gundry.^[7]

Alternatively, M.A.T. Linssen^[8] proposes it as a variant by equating the sayings collection to the Gospel of Thomas, suggesting that Matthew and Luke worked together to write different gospels, each targeted at their own audience.

References

^ W. Wilkens "Die Versuchung Jesu nach Matthäus" NTS 28 (1982) 479-489
^ H. J. Holtzmann, "Zur synoptischen Frage", pp. 553–54 in Jahrbücher für protestantische Theologie 4 (1878)
^ E. Simons, Hat der dritte Evangelist den kanonischen Matthäus benutzt? (Bonn: Carl Georgi 1880)
^ H. H. Wendt, Die Lehre Jesu (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1886)
^ E. Y. Hincks, "The Probable Use of the First Gospel by Luke", JBL Vol. 10 No. 2 (1891), pp. 92–106
^ R. Morgenthaler, Statistische Synopse (Zürich: Gotthelf 1971)
^ R.H.Gundry, Matthew, A Commentary on His Literary and Theological Art (Michigan: Eerdmans 1982)
^ Linssen, Martijn (2020-08-12). "Absolute Thomasine priority - the Synoptic Problem solved in the most unsatisfactory manner". Absolute Thomasine Priority. Part I: 83 – via academia.edu.

External links

v t e Synoptic problem
The Synoptic Gospels	Gospel of Matthew Gospel of Mark Gospel of Luke
Matthaean priority	Two-gospel hypothesis Augustinian hypothesis
Marcan priority	Two-source hypothesis Farrer hypothesis Three-source hypothesis Matthean Posteriority hypothesis Four-document hypothesis
Lucan priority	Jerusalem school hypothesis
Other or no priority	Multi-source hypothesis Hebrew Gospel hypothesis Priority of the Gospel of Marcion Q+/Papias hypothesis Independence hypothesis
Possible sources	Q source M source L source