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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Swing bridge
AncestorTruss bridge, cantilever bridge
RelatedOther moving types: Bascule bridge, drawbridge, jetway, vertical-lift bridge, tilt bridge
DescendantGate-swing bridge – see Puente de la Mujer
CarriesAutomobile, truck, light rail, heavy rail
Span rangeShort
MaterialSteel
MovableYes
Design effortMedium
Falsework requiredNo

A swing bridge (or swing span bridge) is a movable bridge that has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring, usually at or near to its center of gravity, about which the swing span (turning span) can then pivot horizontally as shown in the animated illustration to the right. Small swing bridges as found over canals may be pivoted only at one end, opening as would a gate, but require substantial underground structure to support the pivot.

In its closed position, a swing bridge carrying a road or railway over a river or canal, for example, allows traffic to cross. When a water vessel needs to pass the bridge, road traffic is stopped (usually by traffic signals and barriers), and then motors rotate the bridge horizontally about its pivot point. The typical swing bridge will rotate approximately 90 degrees, or one-quarter turn; however, a bridge which intersects the navigation channel at an oblique angle may be built to rotate only 45 degrees, or one-eighth turn, in order to clear the channel.

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Transcription

Advantages

The swing span turned to allow a boat to pass
I Street swing Bridge span turned to allow a boat to pass Sacramento California
BNSF Railroad Bridge 9.6 across the Columbia River in Portland, Oregon, showing the swing-span section turning.
  • As this type requires no counterweights, the complete weight is significantly reduced as compared to other moveable bridges.
  • Where the channel is wide enough for separate traffic directions on each side, the likelihood of vessel-to-vessel collisions is reduced.
  • The central support is often mounted upon a berm along the axis of the watercourse, intended to protect the bridge from watercraft collisions when it is opened. This artificial island forms an excellent construction area for building the moveable span, as the construction will not impede traffic.

Disadvantages

An example of how small swing bridges like this one may be pivoted only at one end, but that does require substantial underground structure to support the pivot. Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town.
  • In a symmetrical bridge, the central pier forms a hazard to navigation. Asymmetrical bridges may place the pivot near one side of the channel.
  • Where a wide channel is not available, a large portion of the bridge may be over an area that would be easily spanned by other means.
  • A wide channel will be reduced by the center pivot and foundation.
  • When open, the bridge will have to maintain its own weight as a balanced double cantilever, while when closed and in use for traffic, the live loads will be distributed as in a pair of conventional truss bridges, which may require additional stiffness in some members whose loading will be alternately in compression and tension.
  • If struck from the water near the edge of the span, it may rotate enough to cause safety problems (see Big Bayou Canot rail accident).

Examples

Government Bridge across the Mississippi has a swing section for river traffic traversing Lock and Dam 15

Albania

Argentina

Australia

Belize

  • Belize City Swing Bridge, Belize City, Belize. Oldest such bridge in Central America and one of the few manually operated swing bridge in world still in operation. (Restored in the 2000s)

Canada

Bridge Name Waterway Co-ordinates Status Comments
Cambie Street Bridge Connaught Bridge False Creek, Vancouver, British Columbia 49°16′19″N 123°6′54″W / 49.27194°N 123.11500°W / 49.27194; -123.11500 (Cambie Street Bridge) Demolished/replaced (1985), formerly vehicle, pedestrian & streetcar traffic Short documentary "Swingspan" tells the history of the bridge and its demolition.
Canso Canal Bridge Canso Canal, Nova Scotia 45°38′50″N 61°24′45″W / 45.64722°N 61.41250°W / 45.64722; -61.41250 (Canso Swing Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle/Rail Traffic Links Nova Scotia mainland with Cape Breton Island with 2 traffic lanes of Highway 104 (the Trans-Canada Highway) as well as a single track railway line operated by the Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway (CBNS).
CNR Bridge Fraser River, British Columbia 49°11′50″N 122°55′24″W / 49.19722°N 122.92333°W / 49.19722; -122.92333 (CNR Bridge) Still swings, Rail Traffic Between Queensborough in New Westminster, British Columbia and the mainland
Derwent Way Bridge Fraser River, British Columbia 49°11′09″N 122°55′55″W / 49.18583°N 122.93194°W / 49.18583; -122.93194 (Derwent Way Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle/Rail Traffic Between Queensborough in New Westminster, British Columbia and Annacis Island in Delta, British Columbia
Fredericton Railway Bridge Fredericton, New Brunswick 45°57′25″N 66°37′43″W / 45.95694°N 66.62861°W / 45.95694; -66.62861 (Fredericton Train Bridge) No longer swings, pedestrian traffic. Constructed in 1887 and opened 1889. Last train on the bridge was in 1996.
Grand Narrows Bridge Barra Strait, Bras d'Or Lake, Nova Scotia 45°57′35.75″N 60°48′1.03″W / 45.9599306°N 60.8002861°W / 45.9599306; -60.8002861 (Grand Narrows Bridge) Was last opened for marine traffic on December 30, 2014 remaining open for marine traffic since that date, no longer swings, Rail Traffic cannot cross. Carrying the Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway (CBNS).
Hog's Back Bridge Rideau Canal, Ottawa, Ontario 45°22′11″N 75°41′54″W / 45.36972°N 75.69833°W / 45.36972; -75.69833 (Hog's Back Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle Traffic This bridge swings from one end. There is an adjacent fixed bridge over Hog's Back Falls
Iron Bridge Third Welland Canal, Thorold, Ontario 43°08′15″N 79°10′38″W / 43.13750°N 79.17722°W / 43.13750; -79.17722 (Iron Bridge) No longer swings, Rail Traffic Carrying the CNR Grimsby Subdivision over the third Welland Canal.
Kaministiquia River Swing Bridge Kaministiquia River, Thunder Bay, Ontario 48°21′31″N 89°17′15″W / 48.35861°N 89.28750°W / 48.35861; -89.28750 (Kaministiquia River Swing Bridge) No longer swings. Road and rail traffic only. Currently closed due to 29 October 2013 fire[1] Built in 1908 by Grand Trunk Railway; currently owned by the CNR
Little Current Swing Bridge North Channel, Little Current, Ontario 45°58′48″N 81°54′50″W / 45.98000°N 81.91389°W / 45.98000; -81.91389 (Little Current Swing Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle Traffic (formerly rail) Built by Algoma Eastern Railway, 1913
Montrose Swing Bridge Welland River, Niagara Falls, Ontario 43°02′45″N 79°07′11″W / 43.04583°N 79.11972°W / 43.04583; -79.11972 (Montrose Swing Bridge) No longer swings, Rail Traffic Formerly Canada Southern Railway, now CPR
Moray Bridge Middle Arm of the Fraser River, Richmond, British Columbia 49°11′30″N 123°08′13″W / 49.19167°N 123.13694°W / 49.19167; -123.13694 (Moray Bridge) Still swings; Eastbound Vehicle Traffic Connects Sea Island, Richmond, BC (location of Vancouver International Airport) to Lulu Island, Richmond, BC
New Westminster Bridge Fraser River, British Columbia 49°12′29″N 122°53′38″W / 49.20806°N 122.89389°W / 49.20806; -122.89389 (New Westminster Bridge) Still swings, Rail Traffic, formerly had 2nd deck for vehicles Between New Westminster and Surrey.
Pitt River Bridge Pitt River, British Columbia 49°14′52″N 122°43′44″W / 49.24778°N 122.72889°W / 49.24778; -122.72889 (Pitt River Bridge) No longer swings, Vehicle Traffic Twin side-by-side bridges connecting Port Coquitlam, British Columbia to Pitt Meadows, British Columbia
Pitt River Railway Bridge Pitt River, British Columbia 49°14′42″N 122°44′01″W / 49.24500°N 122.73361°W / 49.24500; -122.73361 (Pitt River Bridge) Still swings – Rail Traffic (Please Contribute)
Wasauksing (Rose Point) Swing Bridge South Channel, Georgian Bay, near Parry Sound, Ontario 45°18′54″N 80°2′40″W / 45.31500°N 80.04444°W / 45.31500; -80.04444 (Wasauksing Swing Bridge) Still swings, Vehicle Traffic (formerly rail) Links Wasauksing First Nation (Parry Island) to the mainland at Rose Point
Welland Canal, Bridge 15 Welland Recreational Waterway, Welland, Ontario 42°58′37″N 79°15′21″W / 42.97694°N 79.25583°W / 42.97694; -79.25583 (Welland Canal, Bridge 15) No longer swings, Rail Traffic Built by Canada Southern Railway, c. 1910. Now operated by Trillium Railway
Welland Canal, Bridge 20 Approach Span 2nd and 3rd Welland Canal, Port Colborne, Ontario 42°53′14″N 79°14′58″W / 42.88722°N 79.24944°W / 42.88722; -79.24944 (Welland Canal, Bridge 20 approach) No longer swings, Abandoned (formerly rail) Abandoned 1998 when adjacent Vertical-lift bridge was dismantled.
Bergen Cut-off Bridge Red River, Winnipeg, Manitoba 49°56′49″N 97°5′53″W / 49.94694°N 97.09806°W / 49.94694; -97.09806 (Bergen Cut-off Railway Bridge) Centre span permanently in open position, allowing unrestricted river traffic Decommissioned CPR railway bridge (last used in 1946)
Superstructure built by Dominion Bridge Co. 1913–1914
Pont CN-Du port Lachine Canal, Montreal, Quebec 45°29′24.9″N 73°33′26.1″W / 45.490250°N 73.557250°W / 45.490250; -73.557250 (Canal Lachine Bridge) No longer swings. Abandoned CN railway swing bridge in the middle of Lachine Canal. Constructed in 1912 by the Dominion Bridge Company for the Grand Trunk Railway company.[2] The pivot system and the cockpit are still in place, but the bridge has not been operational since the late 1960s.[3]

China

Denmark

Egypt

El Ferdan Railway Bridge in Egypt; the longest swing bridge in the world, runs from the east of the Suez canal to the west into Sinai. It is left open most of the time to allow sailing ships to pass in the canal, only closing during the passage of trains.

Estonia

  • The Admiral Bridge (Admiralisild) is a pedestrian bridge in Tallinn, Estonia, connecting two parts of the Old City Harbour. It allows access to the Admiralty Pool (Admiraliteedi bassein) for yachts. It became the first swing bridge in Estonia in 2021.

France

Germany

India

Poira-Corjuem Bridge, Goa

Ireland

Italy

The Ponte Girevole San Francesco di Paola in Taranto
  • Ponte Girevole, Taranto (built in 1958, after an 1887 one of similar design but using different materials) – a very unusual type, with two spans that separate at the bridge's center and pivot sideways from the bridge's outer ends.[5][6]

Latvia

  • Kalpaka Tilts, Liepāja, connecting the city with the former Russian/Soviet port Karosta.

Lithuania

Chain Bridge, Klaipeda
  • Chain Bridge, Klaipeda. Built in 1855 and still working today, this is the only swing bridge in Lithuania. When the bridge is turned, boats and yachts can enter the Castle port. Rotation of the bridge is manual; two people can rotate the bridge.

The Netherlands

The "Abtswoudsebrug", a swing bridge for bikers and pedestrians built in 1979

Many inner cities have swing bridges, since these require less street space than other types of bridges.

New Zealand

(A "swing bridge" in New Zealand refers to a flexible walking track bridge which "swings" as you walk across.)[9]

Panama

Poland

  • A swing bridge at the Giżycko is one of four bridges that cross over the Luczanski Channel. It is one of ten (four still in operation) swing bridges in Poland.
  • A swing bridge in Ustka, which crosses the Słupia River, and is walkable every 20 minutes.

South Africa

The Clocktower Bridge, in Cape Town, starting to close behind a small boat
  • The Clocktower Bridge is a pedestrian swing bridge at the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront in Cape Town.

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Traffic crossing the Northwich Road swing bridge on the Manchester Ship Canal at Stockton Heath, Warrington
Hull Docks branch bridge

In the UK, there is a legal definition in current statute as to what is, or is not a 'swing bridge'[11]

Cross Keys Bridge in Sutton Bridge which carries the A17 over the River Nene in Lincolnshire close to the border with Norfolk.

United States

The former Chincoteague Channel Swing Bridge in Chincoteague, Virginia, now demolished.

The largest double swing-span bridge in the United States is the 3,250 feet (990 m) long, 450 feet (140 m) navigable span, 60 feet (18 m) clearance George P. Coleman Memorial Bridge.[14]

A swing bridge near Belle Glade, Florida
The swing span of the double-deck I Street Bridge, in Sacramento, open for a ship.

Omaha NE Turn Style Bridge is now a historical landmark. Located 86H674H5+98 Used for rail transport. Connecting Council Bluffs, Iowa to downtown Omaha, Nebraska

Uruguay

Carmelo Bridge, Uruguay, during its inauguration in 1912.
  • Carmelo Bridge. Built in 1912 is the oldest swing bridge in all of Latin America.
  • Barra del Santa Lucia Bridge. Built in 1925 as a railway bridge, today is used only by pedestrians.

Vietnam

See also

References

  1. ^ "Burned bridge fate in CN's hands, officials say". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 31 October 2013. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  2. ^ http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PATRIMOINE_URBAIN_FR/MEDIA/DOCUMENTS/TOUR%20WELLINGTON.PDF[bare URL PDF]
  3. ^ https://ocpm.qc.ca/sites/ocpm.qc.ca/files/pdf/P103/8-79_parcs_canada.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  4. ^ Williams, Fran (14 August 2019). "WilkinsonEyre creates £9m cycle and pedestrian bridge for Copenhagen harbour". Architects Journal. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  5. ^ "Photograph of the Ponte Girevole (Taranto, Italy) while fully open" (JPG). Cityofart.net. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  6. ^ "Apertura Ponte Girevole Taranto". 16 April 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016 – via YouTube.
  7. ^ "A7 Afsluitdijk Kornwerderzand: werkzaamheden Lorentzsluizencomplex 9–26 april 2018". 3 April 2018.
  8. ^ "Draaibrug over het kanaal Gent-Terneuzen bij Sas van Gent". Beeldbank Zeeland Seaports. 1 August 1977. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  9. ^ Walkway swingbridge manual / prepared and finalised by S. Chiet ... [et al.] Published by : New Zealand Forest Service, Wellington [N.Z.] : 1986.
  10. ^ "History". Kyivdiprotrans Institute. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  11. ^ Highways Act 1980. London: HMSO. 1980.
  12. ^ "Shotton Steelworks – general scenes". Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
  13. ^ Historic England. "The Toll Bridge (1343735)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  14. ^ "BUILDING BIG: Databank: George P. Coleman Bridge". Pbs.org. 13 May 1995. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  15. ^ "Moveable Bridges". Stroud Valleys Canal Company. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  16. ^ Wood Wortman, Sharon; Wortman, Ed (2006). The Portland Bridge Book (3rd ed.). Urban Adventure Press. pp. 119–120. ISBN 0-9787365-1-6.
  17. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  18. ^ "Photo: UP 8007 Union Pacific EMD SD9043MAC at Clinton, Iowa by Eric Salter". Railpictures.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  19. ^ "Photo: UP 3806 Union Pacific EMD SD70M at Clinton, Iowa by Eric Salter". Railpictures.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  20. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  21. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  22. ^ "Historic Fort Denaud Swing Span Bridge, History of the Fort Denaud Bridge The Fort Denaud Bride is a vital link between residents and agricultural operations on both sides of the Caloosahatchee River". hendryfla.net. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  23. ^ "Bridge: GTW Grand Haven Swing Bridge". Michiganrailroads.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  24. ^ "International Railroad Bridge". Buffaloah.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  25. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  26. ^ a b Amtrak Moveable Bridge Smart Card
  27. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  28. ^ "Photo: NS 9869 Norfolk Southern GE C40-9W (Dash 9-40CW) at Toledo, Ohio by Matt Smith". Railpictures.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  29. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  30. ^ "North Landing Bridge (Mt. Pleasant Rd)". Archived from the original on 16 August 2016.
  31. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  32. ^ "Historic "S" Swing Bridge". visitnc.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  33. ^ "West Seattle Connection: World's Only Hydraulically Operated Double-Leaf Concrete Swing Bridge" (PDF). City of Seattle Engineering Department. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  34. ^ "Freight – Q324 Crosses the St. Joseph River on a wonderful may evening – Railroadfan.com Photo Gallery". Railroadfan.com. 9 June 2007. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  35. ^ Leaphart, David (2016). Walt Disney World Railroads Part 3: Yucatan Jewels (1st ed.). Steel Wheel on Steel Rail Studio. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-1-533-03707-7.
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External links

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