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Squamous-cell carcinoma of the vagina

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina
Diagram of the female reproductive anatomy with layers of the vaginal wall enhanced and labeled
Female reproductive anatomy with layers of the vaginal wall shown
SpecialtyOncology, Gynecology
Symptomsirregular vaginal bleeding, lump in the vagina, pain in vaginal area, pain with intercourse, pain with urination, constipation
Typeskeratinizing, nonkeratinizing, basaloid, warty
Risk factorsHPV infection, smoking, early age at first sexual intercourse, multiple sex partners, age over 60
Diagnostic methodpelvic exam, biopsy

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina is a potentially invasive type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the vagina. Though uncommonly diagnosed, squamous cell cancer of the vagina (SCCV) is the most common type of vaginal cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of cases of vaginal cancer. SCCV forms in squamous cells, which are the thin, flat cells lining the vagina. It is further subdivided into the following subtypes: keratinizing, nonkeratinizing, basaloid, and warty. SCCV initially spreads superficially within the vaginal wall and can slowly spread to invade other vaginal tissues. This carcinoma can metastasize to the lungs, and less frequently in the liver, bone, or other sites. SCCV has many risk factors in common with cervical cancer and is similarly strongly associated with infection with oncogenic strains of human papillomavirus (HPV).

Signs and symptoms

SCCV may not cause early signs or symptoms and may be found during a routine pelvic exam and Pap test. Signs and symptoms may be caused by other types of vaginal cancer or by other conditions:

Risks

Diagnosis

Diagnosis includes a complete assessment of medical history and physical examination. A pelvic exam is typically performed. Other diagnostic procedures used are the pap test, colposcopy and biopsy.[1] Other procedures are used to aid in diagnosis: chest x-ray, CT scan (CAT scan), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), PET scan (positron emission tomography scan), and cystoscopy.[3]

Treatment

Treatment depends upon the following:

  • stage and size of the cancer
  • Whether the cancer is close to other organs that may be damaged by treatment
  • Whether the patient has a uterus or has had a hysterectomy
  • Whether the patient has had past radiation treatment to the pelvis[1]

Epidemiology

Those most affected are:

  • older women
    • peak incidence 60-79 years
    • < 15% in women < 50 years old
    • < 10% in women < 40 years old
  • Fifty percent of SCCV associated with hysterectomy
  • Incidence may increase with pelvic organ prolapse
  • More prevalent in black and Hispanic women
  • accounts for 80%-90% of all vaginal cancers[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Vaginal Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2018-02-20.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ a b "Squamous-cell Carcinoma of the Vagina". www.dynamed.com. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  3. ^ "Stages of Vaginal Cancer". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2018-02-20.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

External links

This page was last edited on 6 March 2024, at 18:37
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.