Southern Pacific 4460

SP No. 4460 on static display at the National Museum of Transportation

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Builder	Lima Locomotive Works
Serial number	7812
Build date	July 1943

Specifications
Configuration:
• Whyte	4-8-4
Gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Driver dia.	73+1⁄2 in (1,867 mm)
Adhesive weight	283,000 lb (128,000 kg)
Loco weight	468,400 lb (212,500 kg)
Total weight	867,500 lb (393,500 kg; 393.5 t)
Fuel type	Bunker oil
Boiler pressure	260 psi (1,800 kPa)
Cylinder size	27 in × 30 in (686 mm × 762 mm) dia × stroke

Performance figures
Tractive effort	65,759 lbf (292,510 N), 76,050 lbf (338,300 N) with booster

Career
Operators	Southern Pacific
Class	GS-6
Number in class	10
Numbers	SP 4460
Nicknames	"War Baby", "Black Daylight", "The Forgotten Daylight", "Blacklight"
Retired	October 1958
Preserved	April 16, 1959
Current owner	National Museum of Transportation
Disposition	On static display

Southern Pacific 4460 is the only surviving class "GS-6" steam locomotive, together with "GS-4" class Southern Pacific 4449, which is operational in excursion service. The GS-6 is a semi-streamlined 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotive. GS stands for "Golden State" or "General Service". The locomotive was built by the Lima Locomotive Works (LLW) for the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) in 1943. The GS-6 lacked side skirting and red and orange "Daylight" paint found on previous locomotives of the GS class and were painted black and silver instead. The War Production Board controlled locomotive manufacturers during World War II and had turned down Southern Pacific's order of fourteen new Daylight locomotives in 1942. Southern Pacific re-designed the new fleet based on the older GS-2s, only with 260 psi instead of 250 psi, an all-weather cab, and a new GS-4 style tender. The design was finally approved, but the War Production Board reassigned four to the smaller and power-starved Western Pacific Railroad (only the tender from Western Pacific GS6/64 #484 remains). Their smaller size when compared to previous GS class locomotives and the fact that they were built during World War II earned them the nicknames "War Babies".

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History

Revenue service

No. 4460 was built in July 1943 and was used during World War II.^[1] The engine was the first GS-6 ever manufactured and is famous for pulling the last steam-powered passenger train and being the last operational steam locomotive on the Southern Pacific Railroad in October 1958.^[1] That final run was from Sacramento, California to Sparks, Nevada, and return, with no diesel assistance except for when No. 4460 developed a hot bearing. A local Boy Scout Bugler from the Bay Area Council, played taps for the funeral of the No. 4460, staged by the Southern Pacific Railroad.

Preservation

Following the final excursion, No. 4460 was donated to the National Museum of Transportation in St. Louis, Missouri, on April 16, 1959, where the engine has since sat along with many other historic steam and diesel locomotives from around the country. Besides having the nicknames "Black Daylight" and "War Baby", it is also known as the "Forgotten Daylight" as it has not seen the fame locomotive No. 4449 has had when that engine was restored to operating condition back in 1975.