Comparison of European road signs

European traffic signs present relevant differences between countries despite an apparent uniformity and standardisation. Most European countries refer to the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The convention has been adopted by the following countries (including acceding states): Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,^[1] Ukraine and the United Kingdom. The convention has not been adopted by Ireland, Iceland or Malta.

Differences between European traffic signs

The main differences relate to

• Graphic design details
• Local regulatory significance
• The colour-coding of directional signs
• Local language texts (sometimes bilingual)
• The meaning and colour-coding of horizontal road surface markings

Graphic differences

• Warning signs in Ireland are yellow and diamond-shaped (as in the Americas, Australasia, and some east Asian countries), and thus differ from the white or yellow, red-bordered, triangular signs found in the rest of Europe
• The design of individual pictograms (tunnel, pedestrian, car, etc.), while broadly similar, often varies in detail from country to country
• Type of arrows may be different
• Fonts of written words

Differences of directional and informatory signage

The colour, shape, text style (bold, capitals etc.), or even an additional sign (pictogram, route number, etc.) of the signage give information about the road class of the indicated route.

Country	Motorways (Controlled-access highway announced as or )	Expressways (Limited-access road announced as or )	Primary routes		Secondary routes	Regional destinations	Local destinations	Tourist signs	Temporary Detour
			Outside urban area
Albania	PRISHTINE	SHKODER	KUDHES		n/a	n/a	Qender	Plazhi i Zaroshkes	DURRES
Armenia	ՍԵՎԱՆ SEVAN	ԵՐԵՎԱՆ YEREVAN	ՉԱՐԵՆՑԱՎԱՆ CHARENTSAVAN		n/a	n/a	ՀՅՈՒՐ. ԱՆԻ ՊԼԱԶԱ HOTEL ANI PLAZA	ՎԱՅՈՑ ՁՈՐ VAYOTS DZOR	Շրջանցման ուղղություն DETOUR
Austria	Salzburg	Wien	Villach		n/a	Salzkammergut[c 1]			Umleitung
Belarus	МІНСК	ГОМЕЛЬ	НАВАГРУДАК		n/a	n/a	вул. ФІЛІМОНАВА	КАСЦЁЛ СВЯТОГА МІХАІЛА	аб'езд
Belgium	Brussel	Kortrijk Courtrai	Gent Gand		n/a	n/a	Centrum Centre Zentrum	Atomium	Wegomlegging Déviation Umleitung
	Bruxelles [c 2]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo Сарајево	Banja Luka Бања Лука	Mostar Мостар		n/a	n/a	Centar Центар	Međugorje	Obilazak Обилазница
Bulgaria	Ямбол Yambol	Русе Ruse	Павликени Pavlikeni		n/a	n/a	Център Centre	Етър Etar	Варна Varna
Croatia	Zagreb	Bjelovar	Vukovar		n/a	n/a	Centar	Plitvička jezera	Obilazak
							Zračna luka[c 3]
Czech Republic	BRNO	PRAHA	VYŠKOV		n/a	SLOVANY	Letiště	Hrad Bouzov	PRAHA
Denmark	Aarhus	n/a	Skanderborg[c 4]		n/a	n/a	Stadion	Himmelbjerget	Nakskov
Estonia	TALLINN	n/a	TOOMPEA		n/a	n/a	n/a	Pirita klooster	ÜMBERSÕIT
Finland	HELSINKI HELSINGFORS	LAPPEENRANTA	PORVOO BORGÅ		n/a	KYMINLINNA	Kirjasto	Hiidenkivi	TURKU
France	PARIS	MARSEILLE	BEAUVAIS[c 5]	TOULON	LA CHAPPELLE	n/a	Gare S.N.C.F.	PARC NATUREL	Déviation
Germany	Hamburg	Freiburg[c 6]	Lübeck		n/a	n/a	Bahnhof	Burg Eltz	Umleitung
Greece	Θεσσαλονίκη Thessaloniki	Πάτρα Patra	Αθήνα Athina		n/a	n/a	Κέντρο Centre	Ακρόπολη Akropolis	Εύοσμος Evosmos
Hungary	Budapest	Vác	Gyöngyös		n/a	n/a	◉ Centrum	Vár	Gödöllő
Iceland	n/a	n/a	Akureyri		n/a	Garðabær	Flugstöð	n/a	Hjáleið
Ireland	Ɑ́th Cliɑth DUBLIN	n/a	Tulɑch Mhór TULLAMORE[c 7]		Seɑntrɑbh SANTRY[c 8]	n/a	Ɑn Lɑ́r CITY CENTRE	Ɑn Bhóireɑnn THE BURREN	Cúrsɑ Timpill DETOUR
Italy	VENEZIA	UDINE	BORGOSOLE		n/a	n/a	aeroporto	Colfosco	deviazione
Liechtenstein	St. Gallen	Chur	Schaan		Vaduz	n/a	Bahnhof	Burg	Umleitung
Lithuania	KLAIPĖDA	KAUNAS	VILNIUS		n/a	n/a	CENTRAS	Kernavės archeologinė vietovė	Apylanka
Montenegro	Podgorica	Bar	Herceg Novi		n/a	n/a	Centar	Skadarsko Jezero	Obilazak
Netherlands	A 44 Amsterdam	Den Haag	Arnhem N 50		n/a	n/a	Centrum	Nationaal Park	OMLEIDING Volg A[c 9]
Norway	Nannestad	Lillestrøm	Trondheim		n/a	n/a	Sykehus	Kvitsand	Bergen
Poland	Wrocław	Poznań	Opole		n/a	n/a	Stacja	Kraków	Objazd
Portugal	Lisboa	n/a	Portalegre		Fig.ra Foz[c 10]	ALGARVE[c 11]	centro	castelo	Desvio
Romania	Bucureşti	Craiova	Pitești		n/a	n/a	Centru	Castelul Bran	Ocolire
Russia	БЕЛГОРОД	МОСКВА	ОРЛОВО		n/a	ЛИПЕЦК	ул. Арбат	музей-усадьба Н. К. РЕРИХА	объезд
Serbia	Београд Beograd	Крагујевац Kragujevac	Зрењанин Zrenjanin		n/a	n/a	Центар Centar	Студеница Studenica	Обилазак Obilazak
Slovakia	Košice	Nitra	Bratislava		n/a	n/a	Centrum	Hrad	obchádzka
Slovenia	Maribor	Nova Gorica	Medvode		n/a	n/a	Center	Postojnska jama	Obvoz
Spain	Villalba[c 12]	Córdoba[c 13]	Oviedo / Uviéu[c 14]	PINTO[c 15]	BADAJOZ	n/a	centro	Navacerrada	DESVÍO
Sweden	GÖTEBORG	STOCKHOLM	FALUN		n/a	NORRMALM	Vårdcentral	Långe Erik	NYKÖPING
Switzerland	Basel	Chiasso	Moudon		Ftan	n/a	Gare CFF	Castello	Umleitung Déviation Deviazione
Turkey	İstanbul	n/a	Ankara		n/a	n/a	Şehir Merkezi	Dara Antik Kenti	n/a
Ukraine	Київ Kyiv	Жашків Zhashkiv	Рудня Rudnia		n/a	n/a	◉ Центр	Борисоглібська церква	об'їзд detour
United Kingdom	Nottingham M1	n/a[c 16]	A' Chrìon-Làraich Crianlarich A82		Aylesbury	The NORTH[c 17]	Village Hall	Thorpe Park	Diversion

Differences in meanings

• Sometimes similar signs have minor differences in meanings, following the local traffic codes. For example, the Irish "rural speed limit" sign for local tertiary roads takes the appearance of that used to denote the end of all previously signed restrictions used elsewhere in Europe. However this sign, which is always accompanied with a "SLOW" supplementary plate, actually indicates a speed limit of 80 km/h.^[2]
• Another example is the United Kingdom's "pass either side" sign, which has a more specific meaning. Unlike many countries, the sign indicates that drivers may pass on either side of an obstacle, such as a traffic island, to reach the same destination.^[3].
• All European countries use the metric system (distances in kilometres or metres; speeds in kilometres per hour; heights, widths and lengths in metres; weights in tonnes) with the exception of the United Kingdom, where distances and speeds are still indicated in imperial measurements (miles or yards and miles per hour). Since 2016, on width and height limit signs both metric and imperial measurements are used (metres and feet & inches), however older signs still show imperial-only measurements ^{[citation needed]}. Weight limits have been expressed in metric tonnes since 1981, but signs continued to use an upper case "T" until 2011.

Road surface markings

• Longitudinal lines (lanes and margins) and symbols on the carriageway are always white (but in Norway a yellow line separates two-way traffic and in Ireland edge lines are yellow). Temporary markings are yellow in Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain, but red/orange in Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Russia, and white in the United Kingdom.
• A stop line is always represented by a white thick traversal continuous line, but a give way line may be represented by a white thick dashed line as rectangles (Germany, France, Spain) or by a double-dashed line (United Kingdom) or by a white line of triangles (Austria, Italy, Liechtenstein, the Netherlands, Norway, and Switzerland). In Ireland, give way markings are represented by a single dashed line; on one way streets and entrances to roundabouts it is instead represented by a combination of a single solid line and a single dashed line.
• A disc (time-limited) parking place is identified by white lines in Germany and by blue lines in Liechtenstein, the Netherlands, France, Spain, and Switzerland. A chargeable parking place is identified by white lines in Germany, France, Liechtenstein, the Netherlands, and Switzerland and by blue lines in Italy, Spain and Russia. A parking place reserved for disabled people is bordered in white in Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom; in yellow in Italy, Liechtenstein and Switzerland; and in blue in France. Other reserved parking places (bus, taxis) are bordered with yellow lines in Italy, Liechtenstein, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, but with white lines in Germany.
• The prohibition of roadside parking can be indicated by a yellow continuous line (Spain, the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom), by a yellow dashed line (Austria,^[4] the Netherlands and France), by a yellow dashed line with X's (Liechtenstein and Switzerland), a white continuous line (Italy), or else by black-and-white (the Netherlands) or a black-and-yellow (the Netherlands and Italy) kerb markings. Only in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland does a double yellow line (as well as a white zig-zag line in the vicinity of pedestrian crossings) mean "no parking at any time".
• The prohibition of stopping / waiting can be indicated by a yellow continuous line (Austria, the Netherlands, France, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Russia), and in (certain cities of) the United Kingdom by a red continuous line (with double red lines extending the meaning to "no stopping at any time). In the United Kingdom, a yellow zig-zag line near hospitals, police stations, and schools means "no stopping".

Different typefaces in texts

• Andorra officially uses the Swiss 721 (Bold Condensed) typeface, which is identical to Helvetica. However, some signs use the Caractères and Carretera Convencional typefaces.
• Austria and Slovakia use the Tern typeface. Austria used the Austria typeface until 2010. Slovakia used the Universal Grotesk typeface from Czechoslovakia era until 2014.
• Azerbaijan, Belarus, Greece, North Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey and Ukraine use the Arial Bold and/or Helvetica Bold typefaces in mixture with other official typefaces.
• Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine use typefaces based on one specified in a Soviet standard ГОСТ 10807–78 (no longer valid in Russia since January 1, 2006).^[5][6] In Belarus, the according standard is СТБ 1140–2013 (formerly СТБ 1140–99).^[7] In Ukraine, it is ДСТУ 4100–2002. In Russia, it is ГОСТ Р 52290–2004.^[8]
  • Ukraine has recently started using the Road UA [uk] typeface, as part of a signage redesign according to ДСТУ 4100:2021.^[9][10]
• Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Luxembourg, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia, and Serbia use the SNV typeface. Liechtenstein and Switzerland used this typeface until 2003.
• Cyprus used the Helvetica typeface.
• Denmark uses the Dansk Vejtavleskrift typeface. The typeface is derived from the British Transport typeface.
• Estonia uses the Arial Narrow Bold typeface.
• Finland uses a typeface developed in the 1960s by the former national board of roads and waterways.^[11]
• France uses the Caractères typeface.
  • In the French Basque Country a lighter variant of Helvetica is used for Basque language place names.
• Germany, Czech Republic and Latvia use the DIN 1451 typeface.
• Greece uses a modified version of the British Transport typeface on most regular roads; motorway signs use a modified version of DIN 1451.
• Hungary does not use a defined typeface as the letters are defined one-by-one in the national regulation.^[12] The typeface resembles the DIN 1451 typeface closely.
• Italy, Albania and San Marino use the Alfabeto Normale [it] typeface (with the narrow variant Alfabeto Stretto), a heavier version of the British Transport typeface.
• Luxembourg uses the Helvetica, Caractères and SNV typefaces, often inconsistently.
• The Netherlands uses typefaces derived from FHWA typeface: ANWB/RWS Cc (narrow), Dd (medium) and Ee (wide).
• Norway uses the Trafikkalfabetet typeface.
• Poland does not use a defined typeface as the letters are defined one-by-one in the national regulation.^[13] There are three typefaces resembling the defined one, with two of them distributed as non-commercial freeware – Drogowskaz and Tablica drogowa typefaces. The third one, fully compliant with the regulation is available only for road signs making companies.
• Spain uses the Carretera Convencional [es] (also known as CCRIGE) typeface, which is derived from the British Transport typeface, and is almost identical to the Italian Alfabeto Normale. Until 2014, Autopista (derived from FHWA series E modified) was used for motorways.
• Sweden and Åland use the Tratex typeface. Åland formerly used the Finnish typeface in mixture with Tratex.
• Switzerland and Liechtenstein use the ASTRA-Frutiger typeface since 2003.
• Turkey uses two typefaces derived from the FHWA typeface. O-Serisi is used for motorways and E-Serisi is used for all other roads.
• The United Kingdom, Iceland, Ireland, Malta and Portugal use the Transport typeface. An oblique variant of Transport is used in Ireland for Irish text.
  • Motorway typeface is used for route numbers on United Kingdom and Ireland motorways, and for exit and route numbers in Portugal.

In Albania, Andorra, Belarus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Monaco, Russia, San Marino, Sweden, and Ukraine, destinations on direction signs are written in capital letters. In Ireland, they are written in all-capital letters in English and in mixed-case letters in Irish. In Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein. Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Switzerland both capital and lowercase are used. In Spain, destinations reached by motorway are written in capital and lowercase, while those reached by other roads are written in capital letters. In the United Kingdom and Portugal, regional destinations names and cardinal directions are written in capital letters, while the remaining destinations names are written in capital and lowercase.

Table of traffic signs comparison

Priority

	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech Republic	Denmark	Estonia	Finland	France and Monaco	Germany	Greece	Hungary	Iceland	Ireland	Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City	Latvia	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Moldova	Netherlands	Norway	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Russia	Serbia	Slovakia	Slovenia	Spain and Andorra	Sweden	Switzerland and Liechtenstein	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom
Stop
Give way/Yield								or					or																				or
Priority road
End of priority road
Give way to oncoming traffic
Priority over oncoming traffic
Stop ahead
Give way ahead
	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech Republic	Denmark	Estonia	Finland	France and Monaco	Germany	Greece	Hungary	Iceland	Ireland	Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City	Latvia	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Moldova	Netherlands	Norway	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Russia	Serbia	Slovakia	Slovenia	Spain and Andorra	Sweden	Switzerland and Liechtenstein	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom

Warning

	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech Republic	Denmark	Estonia	Finland	France and Monaco	Germany	Greece	Hungary	Iceland	Ireland	Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City	Latvia	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Moldova	Netherlands	Norway	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Russia	Serbia	Slovakia	Slovenia	Spain and Andorra	Sweden	Switzerland and Liechtenstein	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom
Curve
Series of curves
Crossroads (with priority to the right)
Crossroads (with a minor road)
Roundabout													or [note 1]
Traffic signals														or											or
Two-way traffic						or							or																				or
Traffic queues
Steep ascent
Steep descent
	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech Republic	Denmark	Estonia	Finland	France and Monaco	Germany	Greece	Hungary	Iceland	Ireland	Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City	Latvia	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Moldova	Netherlands	Norway	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Russia	Serbia	Slovakia	Slovenia	Spain and Andorra	Sweden	Switzerland and Liechtenstein	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom
Pedestrian crossing
Pedestrians
Children													or
Cyclists
Domesticated animals								or				or	or							or									or	or			or
Wild animals							or or													or or									or or
Road narrows
Uneven surface
Bump
Dip
	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech Republic	Denmark	Estonia	Finland	France and Monaco	Germany	Greece	Hungary	Iceland	Ireland	Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City	Latvia	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Moldova	Netherlands	Norway	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Russia	Serbia	Slovakia	Slovenia	Spain and Andorra	Sweden	Switzerland and Liechtenstein	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom
Slippery surface
Loose surface material
Soft or low verges
Ice or snow
Fog																														[note 2]
Falling rocks
Crosswinds
Unprotected body of water											or																						or
Opening bridge
Tunnel
	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech Republic	Denmark	Estonia	Finland	France and Monaco	Germany	Greece	Hungary	Iceland	Ireland	Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City	Latvia	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Moldova	Netherlands	Norway	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Russia	Serbia	Slovakia	Slovenia	Spain and Andorra	Sweden	Switzerland and Liechtenstein	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom
Low-flying aircraft					or																								or				or
Trams
Level crossing with barriers ahead													or
Level crossing without barriers ahead
Level crossing (single track)
Level crossing (multiple tracks)
Roadworks										or
Other danger
	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech Republic	Denmark	Estonia	Finland	France and Monaco	Germany	Greece	Hungary	Iceland	Ireland	Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City	Latvia	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Moldova	Netherlands	Norway	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Russia	Serbia	Slovakia	Slovenia	Spain and Andorra	Sweden	Switzerland and Liechtenstein	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom