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Religious affiliation in the United States Senate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The religious affiliation in the United States Senate reflects the variety of religion in the United States, despite not being in line with the religious affiliation of the general population.

While the religious preference of elected officials is by no means an indication of their allegiance nor necessarily reflective of their voting record, the religious affiliation of prominent members of all three branches of government is a source of commentary and discussion among the media and public. The topic is also of interest to religious groups and the general public who may appeal to senators of their denomination on religious or moral issues facing the United States Senate.

This list reports the religious affiliation of the members of the United States Senate in the 118th United States Congress. In most cases, in addition to specific sources, the senators' religious affiliations are those mentioned by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life at the Pew Research Center, which publishes a report at the beginning of each Congress.[1][2]

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Christians (85)

Protestants (55)

Presbyterians (11)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
John Barrasso 		Republican Wyoming Presbyterian[3][4] Denomination: PCUSA; former Catholic.
Marsha Blackburn 		Republican Tennessee Presbyterian[5] Denomination: PCA.
Shelley Moore Capito 		Republican West Virginia Presbyterian[6] Denomination: PCUSA.
Tom Carper 		Democrat Delaware Presbyterian[7][8] Denomination: PCUSA.
Chris Coons 		Democrat Delaware Presbyterian[9][10] Attends a Catholic church.[11]
Steve Daines 		Republican Montana Presbyterian[12] Denomination: EPC.[13][14]
Deb Fischer 		Republican Nebraska Presbyterian[15][16]
Josh Hawley 		Republican Missouri Presbyterian[17] Raised as a Methodist;[18] denomination: EPC.[19]
Rand Paul 		Republican Kentucky Presbyterian[20][21] Raised as an Episcopalian.[22][23]
Tina Smith 		Democrat Minnesota Presbyterian[2] Swore by an old Heilige Bibel, a family Bible.[24]
Mark Warner 		Democrat Virginia Presbyterian[25][26]

Baptists (10)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Cory Booker 		Democrat New Jersey Baptist[27] Denomination: NBC.[28] Raised as a Methodist.[29]
John Boozman 		Republican Arkansas Baptist[30][31] Denomination: SBC.
Ted Cruz 		Republican Texas Baptist[32][33] Denomination: SBC.
Lindsey Graham 		Republican South Carolina Baptist[34][35] Denomination: SBC.
Chuck Grassley 		Republican Iowa Baptist[36][37] Denomination: BGC; attends a non-denominational church.[38]
Cindy Hyde-Smith 		Republican Mississippi Baptist[39] Denomination: SBC.
James Lankford 		Republican Oklahoma Baptist[40][41] Denomination: SBC; former student ministries and evangelism specialist for the BGCO.
Mitch McConnell 		Republican Kentucky Baptist[42][43] Denomination: SBC.
Raphael Warnock 		Democrat Georgia Baptist Former associated pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church, affiliated to NBC;
senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, affiliated to PNBC and ABC.
Roger Wicker 		Republican Mississippi Baptist[44][45] Denomination: SBC.

Methodists (6)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Katie Britt 		Republican Alabama Methodist[46] Denomination: UMC[46]
Tom Cotton 		Republican Arkansas Methodist[47] Denomination: UMC.[48]
John Kennedy 		Republican Louisiana Methodist[49] Denomination: UMC.[49]
Jerry Moran 		Republican Kansas Methodist[50][51] Attends a Presbyterian church.[52]
Debbie Stabenow 		Democrat Michigan Methodist[53][54] Denomination: UMC.[55]
Elizabeth Warren 		Democrat Massachusetts Methodist[56][57] Denomination: UMC.[58] Attends various churches.[59]

Lutherans (6)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Sherrod Brown 		Democrat Ohio Lutheran[60][61][62] Denomination: ELCA.
Joni Ernst 		Republican Iowa Lutheran[60] Denomination: ELCA.
Martin Heinrich 		Democrat New Mexico Lutheran[60][63][64] Denomination: ELCA.
Ron Johnson 		Republican Wisconsin Lutheran[60][65][66] Denomination: WELS.
Cynthia Lummis 		Republican Wyoming Lutheran[60][67] Denomination: LCMS.
Jeff Merkley 		Democrat Oregon Lutheran[60][68][69] Denomination: ELCA.

Episcopalians (5)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Bill Hagerty 		Republican Tennessee Episcopalian[2]
Angus King 		Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) 		Maine Episcopalian[70][71][72]
Gary Peters 		Democrat Michigan Episcopalian[70][73][74]
Chris Van Hollen 		Democrat Maryland Episcopalian[70][75]
Sheldon Whitehouse 		Democrat Rhode Island Episcopalian[70][76][77]

Nondenominational Evangelicals (5)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Ted Budd 		Republican North Carolina Nondenominational Evangelical[78]
Bill Cassidy 		Republican Louisiana Nondenominational Evangelical[79]
Rick Scott 		Republican Florida Nondenominational Evangelical[80] Former Presbyterian.[80]
Tim Scott 		Republican South Carolina Nondenominational Evangelical[81][82]
John Thune 		Republican South Dakota Nondenominational Evangelical[83][84]

Restorationists (3)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
John Cornyn 		Republican Texas Restorationist[85][86] Denomination: Churches of Christ.
Roger Marshall 		Republican Kansas Restorationist Denomination: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).[87][88]
Tommy Tuberville 		Republican Alabama Restorationist[89] Denomination: Churches of Christ.

Congregationalists (2)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Maggie Hassan 		Democrat New Hampshire Congregationalist Denomination: UCC.
Amy Klobuchar 		Democrat Minnesota Congregationalist[90][91] Denomination: UCC.

Pentecostals (2)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Kevin Cramer 		Republican North Dakota Pentecostal Former Lutheran; denomination: ICFG.[92]
Markwayne Mullin 		Republican Oklahoma Pentecostal[93] Denomination: Assemblies of God[94]

Wesleyan-Holiness Evangelicals (1)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Jon Tester 		Democrat Montana Wesleyan-Holiness Evangelical[95] Denomination: Church of God (Anderson, Indiana).

Quakers (1)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
John Hickenlooper 		Democrat Colorado Quaker[96] "Raised on the periphery of the Episcopal Church",[97]
but misidentified as an Episcopalian in the Pew Report.[2]

Unspecified Protestants (3)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Chris Murphy 		Democrat Connecticut Protestant[98][99] Raised as a Congregationalist.[100]
Jeanne Shaheen 		Democrat New Hampshire Protestant[101][102]
Todd Young 		Republican Indiana Protestant[2]

Catholics (27)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Mike Braun 		Republican Indiana Catholic[103]
Maria Cantwell 		Democrat Washington Catholic[104][105]
Bob Casey 		Democrat Pennsylvania Catholic[106][107]
Susan Collins 		Republican Maine Catholic[108][109]
Catherine Cortez Masto 		Democrat Nevada Catholic[110][111][112]
Dick Durbin 		Democrat Illinois Catholic[113][114]
Kirsten Gillibrand 		Democrat New York Catholic[115][116]
John Hoeven 		Republican North Dakota Catholic[117][118]
Tim Kaine 		Democrat Virginia Catholic[119][120]
Mark Kelly 		Democrat Arizona Catholic[2] His wife, former Rep. Gabby Giffords, is Jewish.
Ben Ray Luján 		Democrat New Mexico Catholic[2]
Joe Manchin 		Democrat West Virginia Catholic[116][121]
Ed Markey 		Democrat Massachusetts Catholic[122][123]
Bob Menendez 		Democrat New Jersey Catholic[124][125]
Lisa Murkowski 		Republican Alaska Catholic[126][127]
Patty Murray 		Democrat Washington Catholic[128][129]
Alex Padilla 		Democrat California Catholic[130]
Jack Reed 		Democrat Rhode Island Catholic[131][132]
Pete Ricketts 		Republican Nebraska Catholic[133]
Jim Risch 		Republican Idaho Catholic[134][135]
Mike Rounds 		Republican South Dakota Catholic[136][137]
Marco Rubio 		Republican Florida Catholic[138][139] Former Latter-day Saint.[140]
Eric Schmitt 		Republican Missouri Catholic[141]
Dan Sullivan 		Republican Alaska Catholic[142]
Thom Tillis 		Republican North Carolina Catholic[143]
J. D. Vance 		Republican Ohio Catholic[144][145] Former Non-denominational Evangelical.
Peter Welch 		Democrat Vermont Catholic[146]

Latter-day Saints (3)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Mike Crapo 		Republican Idaho Latter-day Saint[147][148]
Mike Lee 		Republican Utah Latter-day Saint[149][150]
Mitt Romney 		Republican Utah Latter-day Saint[151][152]

Jewish (8)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Richard Blumenthal 		Democrat Connecticut Jewish[153][154]
Jon Ossoff 		Democrat Georgia Jewish[155]
Ben Cardin 		Democrat Maryland Jewish[156][157]
Bernie Sanders 		Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) 		Vermont Jewish[158][159] Non-practicing.
Jacky Rosen 		Democrat Nevada Jewish[160][161]
Brian Schatz 		Democrat Hawaii Jewish[162][163]
Chuck Schumer 		Democrat New York Jewish[164][165]
Ron Wyden 		Democrat Oregon Jewish[166][167]

Buddhists (1)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Mazie Hirono 		Democrat Hawaii Buddhist[168][169] School: Jōdo Shinshū; non-practicing.

Unknown or refused to specify (5)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Tammy Baldwin 		Democrat Wisconsin Unknown or refused to specify[2][170][171] Baptized as an Episcopalian.[172]
Michael Bennet 		Democrat Colorado Unknown or refused to specify[2][173][174] Raised in both Jewish and Christian traditions.[175]
Laphonza Butler 		Democrat California Unknown or refused to specify
Tammy Duckworth 		Democrat Illinois Unknown or refused to specify[2] Sometimes acknowledged as Deist.[176]
John Fetterman 		Democrat Pennsylvania Unknown or refused to specify

Unaffiliated (1)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Kyrsten Sinema 		Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) 		Arizona Unaffiliated Raised as a Latter-day Saint.[177]

Comparison with general population

In conjunction with figures derived from the Pew Research Center's 2021 "survey of the religious composition of the United States",[178] the most basic breakdown of the above data indicates that 85% of the Senate identify as Christian (compared with 63% of the population), 8% identify as Jewish (compared with 2% of the population), 5% have unknown religious affiliation or refused to specify it (compared with 2% of the population), 1% identifies with other religions (compared with 5% of the population), and another 1% identifies as unaffiliated (compared with 29% of the population). The unaffiliated are extremely under-represented, while Jews, Presbyterians, Lutherans, and Episcopalians are particularly over-represented.

The following table compares reported religious affiliations of senators to religious statistics of the demographics of the United States:

Religion Group No. of sens % of sens % of population
Christians Catholics
27 / 100
 27% 21%
Presbyterians
11 / 100
 11% 2%
Baptists
10 / 100
 10% 11%
Methodists
6 / 100
 6% 4%
Lutherans
6 / 100
 6% 3%
Episcopalians
5 / 100
 5% 1%
Other Protestants
17 / 100
 17% 18%
Latter-day Saints
3 / 100
 3% 2%
Jews
8 / 100
 8% 2%
Buddhists
1 / 100
 1% 1%
Unknown or refused to specify
5 / 100
 5% 2%
Unaffiliated
1 / 100
 1% 29%

See also

References

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