 | |
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: imperative, functional, symbolic |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Nenad Rakočević[1] |
| Developer | Nenad Rakočević |
| First appeared | 2011 |
| Stable release | |
| OS | Linux, Windows, OS X |
| License | modified BSD and Boost |
| Filename extensions | .red, .reds |
| Website | www |
| Influenced by | |
| Rebol, Lisp, Scala, Lua | |
Red is a programming language designed to overcome the limitations of the programming language Rebol.[3] Red was introduced in 2011 by Nenad Rakočević,[4] and is both an imperative and functional programming language. Its syntax and general usage overlaps that of the interpreted Rebol language.[5]
The implementation choices of Red intend to create a full stack programming language:[4][6] Red can be used for extremely high-level programming (DSLs and GUIs) as well as low-level programming (operating systems and device drivers). Key to the approach is that the language has two parts: Red/System and Red.[7]
- Red/System is similar to C, but packaged into a Rebol lexical structure – for example, one would write
if x > y [print "Hello"]instead ofif (x > y) {printf("Hello\n");}. - Red is a homoiconic language, which is capable of meta-programming with Rebol-like semantics.[3][8] Red's runtime library is written in Red/System, and uses a hybrid approach: it compiles what it can deduce statically and uses an embedded interpreter otherwise. The project roadmap includes a just-in-time compiler for cases in between, but this has not yet been implemented.
Red seeks to remain independent of any other toolchain; it does its own code generation.[3] It is therefore possible to cross-compile[6] Red programs from any platform it supports to any other, via a command-line switch. Both Red and Red/System are distributed as open-source software under the modified BSD license. The runtime library is distributed under the more permissive Boost Software License.
As of version 0.6.4 Red includes a garbage collector "the Simple GC".[9]
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Transcription
Introduction
Red was introduced in the Netherlands in February 2011 at the Rebol & Boron conference[10] by its author Nenad Rakočević. In September 2011, the Red programming language was presented to a larger audience during the Software Freedom Day 2011.[11][12] Rakočević is a long-time Rebol developer known as the creator of the Cheyenne HTTP server.[13]
Features
Red's syntax and semantics are very close to those of Rebol.[4][14] Like Rebol, it strongly supports metaprogramming and domain-specific languages (DSLs) and is therefore a highly efficient tool for dialecting (creating embedded DSLs). Red includes a dialect called Red/System, a C-level language which provides system programming facilities.[7] Red is easy to integrate with other tools and languages as a DLL (libRed) and very lightweight (around 1 MB). It is also able to cross-compile to various platforms (see Cross Compilation section below) and create packages for platforms that require them (e.g., .APK on Android).[7] Red also includes a fully reactive cross-platform GUI system based on an underlying reactive dataflow engine, a 2D drawing dialect comparable to SVG, compile-time and runtime macro support, and more than 40 standard datatypes.
Goals
The following is the list of Red's Goals as presented on the Software Freedom Day 2011:[11][12]
- Simplicity ("An IDE should not be necessary to write code.")
- Compactness ("Being highly expressive maximizes productivity.")
- Speed ("If too slow, it cannot be general-purpose enough.")
- Be "Green", Have a Small Footprint ("Because resources are not limitless.")
- Ubiquity ("Spread everywhere.")
- Portability, Write once run everywhere ("That's the least expected from a programming language.")
- Flexibility ("Not best but good fit for any task!")
Commercial applications
The following commercial applications are currently developed on Red:
Development
Red's development is planned to be done in two phases:
- Initial phase: Red and Red/System compilers written in Rebol 2
- Bootstrap phase: Red and Red/System compilers complemented by a Red JIT-compiler, all written in Red
Cross compilation
Red currently supports the following cross-compilation targets:[4]
- MS-DOS: Windows, x86, console (and GUI) applications
- Windows: Windows, x86, GUI applications
- Linux: Linux, x86
- Linux-ARM: Linux, ARMv5, armel (soft-float)
- Raspberry Pi: Linux, ARMv5, armhf (hard-float)
- FreeBSD: x86
- Darwin: OS X Intel, console (and GUI) applications
- Android: Android, ARMv5
- Android-x86: Android, x86
(Note: Presently, Red applications are 32-bit, but it is planned to switch to 64-bit in the future.[4])
Hello World!
The "Hello, World!" program in Red:
Red [Title: "Simple hello world script"]
print "Hello, World!"
Factorial example
IMPORTANT: These are intended as syntax examples. Until Red has 64-bit support, the integer example will overflow a 32-bit integer very quickly. Changing that to `float!` will go farther, but these are merely to show the syntax of the language.
The following is a factorial example in Red:
Red [Title: "A factorial script"] ; Note: The title is optional.
factorial: func [
x [integer!] ; Giving the type of an argument in Red is optional
][
either x = 0 [1][x * factorial x - 1]
]
The following is the same factorial example in Red/System (in this very simple case, the source code is very similar to Red's version):
Red/System [Title: "A factorial script"]
factorial: func [
x [integer!] ; This is compulsory in Red/System
return: [integer!] ; This is compulsory in Red/System
][
either x = 0 [1][x * factorial x - 1]
]
See also
- Comparison of programming languages
- History of programming languages
- List of programming languages
- List of programming languages by type
References
- ^ "Creator of Red". GitHub.
- ^ "Red's changelog". red-lang. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
- ^ a b c "Getting Started with GUI Programming using Red Language". Studytonight. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Balbaert 2018.
- ^ "Interview with Nenad Rakocevic about Red, a Rebol inspired programming language". Not a Monad Tutorial. 28 August 2015. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
- ^ a b "6 Unusual & Groundbreaking Programming Languages to Learn in 2023". makeuseof.com. 18 October 2023.
- ^ a b c Lucas, Mathis (21 July 2023). "Red: an imperative and functional programming language that is also a "full battery" language". Developpez.com. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ Sasu, Alexandru (22 November 2018). "Review of Red". Softpedia. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
- ^ lucindamichele. "0.6.4 Simple GC and Pure Red GUI Console". Retrieved 2018-12-16.
The main feature for 0.6.4 is what we call the Simple GC (Garbage Collector). A more advanced GC is planned for the future
- ^ « New Red Programming Language Gets Syllable Backend », osnews.com, May 2011.
- ^ a b « Red Programming Language: Red at Software Freedom Day 2011 », red-lang.org, September 14, 2011.
- ^ a b "Software Freedom Day 2011: Red programming language, a new REBOL dialect". YouTube. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ^ « What is Cheyenne? » Last referenced Nov 2017.
- ^ "The Dynamic Mapping Architecture". OhioLINK. December 2021.
- ^ «DiaGrammar», red-lang.org, March 2020.
- ^ «SmartXML», redata.dev.
Further reading
- Balbaert, Ivo (May 2018). Learn Red - Fundamentals of Red. Packt Publishing. ASIN B07C5X8Q32. ISBN 978-1789130706.
External links
This page was last edited on 18 March 2024, at 10:51