To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

How to transfigure the Wikipedia

Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? We have created a browser extension. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology.

Try it — you can delete it anytime.

Install in 5 seconds
4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
Great Wikipedia has got greater.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

Pythium

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the ancient city named Pythium, see Pythion.

Pythium
Negative phase contrast image of Pythium sp.
Negative phase contrast image of Pythium sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: SAR
Clade: Stramenopiles
Phylum: Oomycota
Order: Peronosporales
Family: Pythiaceae
Genus: Pythium
Pringsheim, 1858
Species

See text

Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycetes. They were formerly classified as fungi. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals, causing pythiosis. The feet of the fungus gnat are frequently a vector for their transmission.[1]

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/5
    Views:
    10 704
    461
    5 406
    894
    560
  • Life cycle of pythium fungi
  • #Pythium, Important characteristics, Reproduction, Life cycle, Diseases
  • RESULTS - TREATING PYTHIUM WITH FUNGICIDE
  • Pythium Damage - Kevin Korus - June 6, 2013
  • Life cycle of Pythium/Classification/vegetative structure

Transcription

Morphology

Hyphae
Pythium species, like others in the family Pythiaceae, are usually characterized by their production of coenocytic hyphae without septations.
Oogonia
Generally contain a single oospore.
Antheridia
Contain an elongated and club-shaped antheridium.

Ecological importance

Pythium

Pythium-induced root rot is a common crop disease. When the organism kills newly emerged or emerging seedlings, it is known as damping off, and is a very common problem in fields and greenhouses.[2] Thus there is tremendous interest in genetic host resistance, but no crop has ever developed adequate resistance to Pythium.[3] This disease complex usually involves other pathogens such as Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia. Pythium wilt is caused by zoospore infection of older plants, leading to biotrophic infections that become necrotrophic in response to colonization/reinfection pressures or environmental stress,[2][4][5] leading to minor or severe wilting caused by impeded root functioning.[2][6]

Many Pythium species, along with their close relatives Phytophthora, are plant pathogens of economic importance in agriculture. Pythium spp. tend to be very generalistic and unspecific in their large range of hosts,[7] while Phytophthora spp. are generally more host-specific.

For this reason, Pythium spp. are more devastating in the root rot they cause in crops, because crop rotation alone often does not eradicate the pathogen as Pythium spp. are also good saprotrophs, and survive for a long time on decaying plant matter.

In field crops, damage by Pythium spp. is often limited to the area affected, as the motile zoospores require ample surface water to travel long distances. Additionally, the capillaries formed by soil particles act as a natural filter and effectively trap many zoospores. However, in hydroponic systems inside greenhouses, where extensive monocultures of plants are maintained in plant nutrient solution (containing nitrogen, potassium, phosphate, and micronutrients) that is continuously recirculated to the crop, Pythium spp. cause extensive and devastating root rot and is often difficult to prevent or control.[2][6][7][8] The root rot affects entire operations (tens of thousands of plants, in many instances) within two to four days due to the inherent nature of hydroponic systems where roots are nakedly exposed to the water medium, in which the zoospores can move freely.[6][7][8] Various Pythium populations have been known to have resistance to mefenoxam since the 1980s[9] and metalaxyl since 1984.[10]

Several Pythium species, including P. oligandrum, P. nunn, P. periplocum, and P. acanthicum, are mycoparasites of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, and have received interest as potential biocontrol agents.

Species

Globisporangium sylvaticum was formerly placed here as Pythium sylvaticum

See also

References

  1. ^ "Ecogrow Fungus Gnat". 17 March 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d Jarvis, W. R. (1992). Managing diseases in greenhouse crops. Saint Paul, Minnesota: APS Press. ISBN 978-0-89054-122-7.[page needed]
  3. ^ Sutton, John Clifford; Sopher, Coralie Rachelle; Owen-Going, Tony Nathaniel; Liu, Weizhong; Grodzinski, Bernard; Hall, John Christopher; Benchimol, Ruth Linda (1990-01-06). "Etiology and epidemiology of Pythium root rot in hydroponic crops: current knowledge and perspectives". Summa Phytopathologica. 32 (4): 307–321. doi:10.1590/S0100-54052006000400001. ISSN 0100-5405.
  4. ^ Owen-Going, Tony Nathaniel (2005). Quantitative investigations of phenolic compounds associated with root rot of hydroponic pepper, Capsicum annuum L., caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp (PhD thesis). University of Guelph. ISBN 978-0-494-17779-2. OCLC 271429383.[page needed]
  5. ^ T. N. Owen-Going; C. W. Beninger; J. C. Sutton & J. C. Hall (2008). "Accumulation of phenolic compounds in plants and nutrient solution of hydroponic peppers inoculated with Pythium aphanidermatum". Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 30 (2): 214–225. doi:10.1080/07060661.2008.10540537. S2CID 86573443.
  6. ^ a b c Bagnall, Roger (2007). Control of Pythium wilt and root rot of hydroponically grown lettuce by means of chemical treatment of the nutrient solution (MSc thesis). University of Pretoria. OCLC 216915405.[page needed]
  7. ^ a b c Owen-Going, Tony Nathaniel (2002). Etiology and epidemiology of Pythium root rot in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in commercial-scale and small-scale hydroponic systems (MSc thesis). University of Guelph. ISBN 978-0-612-71820-3. OCLC 55510696.
  8. ^ a b T. N. Owen-Going, J. C. Sutton & B. Grodzinski (2003). "Relationships of Pythium isolates and sweet pepper plants in single-plant hydroponic units". Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 25 (2): 155–167. doi:10.1080/07060660309507064. S2CID 85004809.
  9. ^ Del Castillo Múnera, Johanna; Hausbeck, Mary K. (2016). "Characterization of Pythium Species Associated With Greenhouse Floriculture Crops in Michigan". Plant Disease. American Phytopathological Society. 100 (3): 569–576. doi:10.1094/pdis-03-15-0296-re. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30688597.
  10. ^ Sanders, P. L. (1984). "Failure of Metalaxyl to Control Pythium Blight on Turfgrass in Pennsylvania". Plant Disease. American Phytopathological Society. 68 (1): 776. doi:10.1094/pd-68-776. ISSN 0191-2917.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pythium.
This page was last edited on 25 October 2023, at 19:35
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.
Contact WIKI 2
Introduction
Terms of Service
Privacy Policy