Pons Aemilius

Pons Aemilius
The remaining arch of the Pons Aemilius, located in the middle of the Tiber
Coordinates	41°53′22″N 12°28′46″E / 41.88944°N 12.47944°E / 41.88944; 12.47944
Carries	Connection Forum Boarium-Trastevere
Crosses	Tiber
Locale	Rome, Italy
Official name	Ponte Rotto
Characteristics
Design	Arch bridge
Material	Stone
No. of spans	Originally 7
History
Construction start	179 BC (First stone bridge)
Construction end	142 BC (First stone bridge)
Location

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The Pons Aemilius (Latin for the "Aemilian Bridge"; Italian: Ponte Emilio) is the oldest Roman stone bridge in Rome. Preceded by a wooden version, it was rebuilt in stone in the 2nd century BC. It once spanned the Tiber, connecting the Forum Boarium, the Roman cattle market, on the east with Trastevere on the west. A single arch in mid-river is all that remains today, lending the bridge its name Ponte Rotto (Italian for the "Broken Bridge").

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History

Antiquity

The oldest piers of the bridge were probably laid when the Via Aurelia was constructed in the mid-2nd century BC.^[1] According to Titus Livius, there existed a bridge in the same location as the Pons Aemilius in 192 BC. The first stone bridge was constructed by Censor Marcus Fulvius Nobilior several years after that, in 179 BC^[2] (although it was not completed until 151 BC).^[3] The bridge's piers date from this early period, although its arches were constructed by Scipio Aemilianus and L. Mummius in 142 BC.^[2]^[4] The bridge kept its place for several hundred years, although it was repaired and rebuilt both by Augustus,^[5] and later by Emperor Probus in AD 280.^[3]

Middle Ages

After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the bridge was damaged several times by floods, with each flood taking a greater and greater toll on the overall structure. It was first severely damaged in 1230, after which it was rebuilt by Pope Gregory XI. Later, the bridge was more seriously damaged by the flood of 1557, but again was later rebuilt by Pope Gregory XIII; the remnants of the bridge today still bear Latin inscriptions detailing Gregory XIII's renovation of the bridge.^[3]^[6] Finally, floods in 1575 and 1598 carried the eastern half away, resulting in its abandonment as a functioning bridge for several centuries.^[3]^[7]

Modernity

For many years, it was used as a fishing pier.^[8] In 1853, Pope Pius IX had the remnants of the bridge connected to the mainland via an iron footbridge, but the heavy metal weakened the structural integrity of the stone.^[3]^[8] The remaining half was demolished in 1887 to make room for the Ponte Palatino, leaving behind only one arch that remains to this day.^[7]

References

Citations

^ Claridge (2010), p. 258.
^ ^a ^b Livy 40.51.4
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Forney & Hobart (1892), p. 117.
^ Boardman (2007), pp. 19–20.
^ Balance (1951), p. 99, note 72.
^ Lansford (2011).
^ ^a ^b Platner (1929), pp. 397–8.
^ ^a ^b "Broken Bridge". Virtual Roma. Retrieved March 6, 2014.

Sources

Balance, M. H. (1951). "The Roman Bridges of the Via Flaminia". Papers of the British School at Rome. British School at Rome. 19: 78–117. doi:10.1017/S0068246200006279. JSTOR 40310491. (subscription required)
Boardman, Jonathan (2007). Rome: A Cultural History. Northampton, MA: Interlink Publishing. ISBN 9781566567114 – via Google Books.
Claridge, Amanda (2010). Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199546831 – via Google Books.
Forney, M. N.; Hobart, Frederick, eds. (1892). "The Palatine Bridge at Rome". The Railroad and Engineering Journal. 66 (3): 117–118. Retrieved May 2, 2018 – via Google Books.
Lansford, Tyler (15 August 2009). The Latin Inscriptions of Rome: A Walking Guide. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9781421403250. Retrieved March 7, 2014 – via Google Books.
O’Connor, Colin (1993). Roman Bridges. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521393263.
Platner, Samuel (1929). "Pons Aemilius". A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 397–8 – via the University of Chicago.

External links

Media related to Ponte Rotto at Wikimedia Commons

Pons Aemilius at Structurae
The Waters of Rome: Tiber River Bridges and the Development of the Ancient City of Rome
High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of Pons Aemilius | Art Atlas

v t e Ancient bridges on the Tiber (from source to mouth)
Upstream	Milvius (Molle) Ælius (Sant'Angelo) Neronianus^† Agrippae (Sisto) Aurelius^†
After Tiber Isl.	Fabricius Cestius Æmilius (Rotto)^† Sublicius^† Probi^†
† partly or wholly underwater or demolished Names are in the original Latin; in parentheses are the Italian names that differ significantly

v t e Roman bridges
England	Chesters Bridge Piercebridge Roman Bridge Pons Aelius
France	Pont Ambroix Pont de Bornègre Pont des Marchands Pont du Gard Pont Flavien Pont Julien Pont Serme Pont sur la Laye Roman Bridge (Saint-Thibéry) Roman Bridge (Vaison-la-Romaine)
Germany	Caesar's Rhine bridges Roman Bridge (Trier)
Iran	Band-e Kaisar
Italy	Pons Aemilius Pons Agrippae Ponte Altinate Pons Cestius Pons Fabricius Pons Neronianus Pons Probi Pons Sublicius Pont d'Aël Pont de Pierre (Aosta) Pont-Saint-Martin Ponte d'Augusto (Narni) Ponte di Tiberio (Rimini) Ponte Corvo Ponte del Gran Caso Ponte Milvio Ponte Molino (Padua) Ponte Nomentano Ponte Pietra (Verona) Ponte di Pioraco Ponte di Quintodecimo Ponte Salario Ponte San Lorenzo Ponte Sant'Angelo Susegana Bridge
Lebanon	Leontes Bridge
Portugal	Ponte de Rubiães Ponte Nova da Cava da Velha Roman Bridge (Chaves) Roman Bridge of Catribana
Romania	Constantine's Bridge (Danube) Trajan's Bridge
Spain	Acueducto de los Milagros Albarregas Roman bridge Alconétar Bridge Aqueduct of Segovia Alcántara Bridge Les Ferreres Aqueduct Puente de Alcántara Puente Romano, Mérida Roman bridge of Ávila Roman bridge of Córdoba Roman bridge of Lugo Roman bridge of Salamanca Roman bridge of Talamanca de Jarama
Syria	Ain Diwar Bridge Bridge at Nimreh Gemarrin Bridge Kharaba Bridge
Turkey	Aesepus Bridge Arapsu Bridge Bridge at Oinoanda Constantine's Bridge (Mysia) Eurymedon Bridge (Aspendos) Eurymedon Bridge (Selge) Karamagara Bridge Kemer Bridge Limyra Bridge Misis Bridge Macestus Bridge Nysa Bridge Penkalas Bridge Pergamon Bridge Sangarius Bridge Severan Bridge Stone Bridge (Adana) Valens Aqueduct Bridge White Bridge (Mysia)
Full list of Roman bridges