Phocinae

Northern seals Temporal range: Aquitanian–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early Miocene – Holocene

Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Clade:	Pinnipedia
Family:	Phocidae
Subfamily:	Phocinae Gray, 1821
Tribes and genera
†Frisiphoca †Leptophoca †Cryptophoca †Monotherium †Prophoca †Monachopsis †Sarmatonectes †Phocanella †Kawas Erignathini Chapski, 1955 †Platyphoca Erignathus Cystophorini Burns & Fay, 1970 †Miophoca †Pachyphoca Cystophora Phocini J. E. Gray, 1821 †Nanophoca Pagophilus Histriophoca †Gryphoca Halichoerus †Batavipusa †Praepusa Pusa Phoca

Phocinae (known colloquially as "Northern seals") is a subfamily of Phocidae whose distribution is found in the seas surrounding the Holarctic, with the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) being the world's only freshwater species of pinniped.^[1] What distinguishes them from other phocid seals is the presence of well-developed claws on their front and back flippers.^[2]^[3] The Phocinae is divided into three extant tribes: Erignathini (represented by the sole extant bearded seal Erignathus barbatus), Cystophorini (another extant monotypic tribe represented by hooded seal Cystophora cristata), and Phocini (represented by the rest of the other surviving species in the subfamily). Members of both Erignathini and Cystophorini have 34 chromosomes, while species in the tribe Phocini have 32 chromosomes.^[2]

Below is a composite phylogeny of the phocine genera after Berta & Churchill (2012),^[4] Dewaele et al. (2018),^[5] and Koretsky & Rahmat (2013):^[6]

Phocinae

†Frisiphoca

†Leptophoca

†Cryptophoca

†Monotherium

†Prophoca

†Monachopsis

	†Sarmatonectes

	†Phocanella

†Kawas

Erignathini

	†Platyphoca

	Erignathus

Cystophorini

†Miophoca

	†Pachyphoca

	Cystophora

Phocini

†Nanophoca

	Pagophilus

	Histriophoca

†Gryphoca

Halichoerus

Phoca

†Batavipusa

	†Praepusa

	Pusa

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References

^ Reeves, R. R.; Stewart, B. S.; Clapham, P. J.; Powell, J. A. (2002). Seals and Sea Lions of the World. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 1–528. ISBN 0375411410.
^ ^a ^b Bonner, N. (1994). Seals and Sea Lions of the World. United Kingdom: Blandford. pp. 1–224. ISBN 9780816057177.
^ Stewart, Brent (2014). "Family Phocidae (Earless Seals)". In Wilson, D.E.; Mittermeier, R.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 4. Barcelona: Lynx Ediciones. pp. 120–183. ISBN 978-84-96553-93-4.
^ Berta, A.; Churchill, M. (2012). "Pinniped taxonomy: Review of currently recognized species and subspecies, and evidence used for their description". Mammal Review. 42 (3): 207–34. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00193.x.
^ Dewaele, Leonard; Lambert, Olivier; Louwye, Stephen (2018). "A critical revision of the fossil record, stratigraphy and diversity of the Neogene seal genus Monotherium(Carnivora, Phocidae)". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (5): 171669. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571669D. doi:10.1098/rsos.171669. PMC 5990722. PMID 29892365.
^ Koretsky, I. A.; Rahmat, S. J. (2013). "First record of fossil Cystophorinae (Carnivora, Phocidae): Middle Miocene seals from the northern Paratethys". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 119 (3): 325–350.

Genera of pinnipeds and their stem-allies

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Caniformia
Infraorder: Arctoidea

Pan-Pinnipedia

†Amphicynodontidae	Allocyon Amphicticeps Amphicynodon Drassonax Kolponomos Pachycynodon Parictis Wangictis
†Semantoridae	Necromites Potamotherium Puijila Semantor

Pinnipedimorpha

†Enaliarctos

Pinnipediformes

†Pacificotaria
†Pinnarctidion
†Pteronarctos

Pinnipedia

Phocidae

†Devinophoca

Monachinae

†Magnotherium
Monachini	†Afrophoca †Auroraphoca †Messiphoca Monachus Neomonachus †Eomonachus †Noriphoca †Palmidophoca †Pliophoca †Pontophoca †Pristiphoca †Terranectes
Miroungini	†Callophoca Mirounga
Lobodontini	†Acrophoca †Australophoca †Hadrokirus †Homiphoca Hydrurga Leptonychotes Lobodon Ommatophoca †Piscophoca †Properiptychus †Virginiaphoca

Phocinae

†Cryptophoca †Frisiphoca †Kawas †Leptophoca †Monachopsis †Monotherium †Phocanella †Prophoca †Sarmatonectes
Erignathini	Erignathus †Platyphoca
Cystophorini	Cystophora †Miophoca †Pachyphoca
Phocini	†Batavipusa †Gryphoca Halichoerus Histriophoca †Nanophoca Pagophilus Phoca †Planopusa †Praepusa Pusa

Otarioidea	see below↓

Otarioidea

†Desmatophocidae

Allodesmus
Atopotarus
Desmatophoca
Eodesmus

Odobenidae

†Archaeodobenus
†Imagotaria
†Kamtschatarctos
†Nanodobenus
†Neotherium
†Osodobenus
†Pelagiarctos
†Pontolis
†Proneotherium
†Prototaria
†Pseudotaria
†Titanotaria

Neodobenia

†Dusignathinae	Dusignathus Gomphotaria
Odobeninae	†Aivukus Odobenus †Ontocetus †Pliopedia †Protodobenus †Valenictus

Panotariidae

†Eotaria

Otariidae

Callorhinae

Callorhinus
†Pithanotaria

Otariinae

†Thalassoleon
Zalophini	Eumetopias †Oriensarctos †Proterozetes Zalophus
Otariini	Arctocephalus Arctophoca †Hydrarctos Neophoca Otaria Phocarctos

Lists
List of pinnipeds List of fossil pinnipedimorphs

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This page was last edited on 28 January 2024, at 22:45

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References